High index core flat fiber surface plasmon resonance bio-sensor

Abdulhameed Fouad Alkhateeb; Md. Shofiqul Islam; Md. Yeakub Ali; Rownok Jahan Usha; Sanjida Tasnim; Sami Alghamdi; Md. Aslam Mollah

doi:10.1364/AO.459374

Applied Optics
Vol. 61,
Issue 20,
pp. 5885-5893
(2022)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.459374

High index core flat fiber surface plasmon resonance bio-sensor

Abdulhameed Fouad Alkhateeb, Md. Shofiqul Islam, Md. Yeakub Ali, Rownok Jahan Usha, Sanjida Tasnim, Sami Alghamdi, and Md. Aslam Mollah

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Abdulhameed Fouad Alkhateeb, Md. Shofiqul Islam, Md. Yeakub Ali, Rownok Jahan Usha, Sanjida Tasnim, Sami Alghamdi, and Md. Aslam Mollah, "High index core flat fiber surface plasmon resonance bio-sensor," Appl. Opt. 61, 5885-5893 (2022)

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Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics, Fiber Sensors, and Optical Communications
Optics & Photonics Topics
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: March 24, 2022
- Revised Manuscript: June 3, 2022
- Manuscript Accepted: June 16, 2022
- Published: July 5, 2022

Abstract

Due to tremendous design flexibility and ease of light control capability, the photonic crystal fiber offers efficient, flexible, and miniaturized plasmonic biosensors with attractive features. In this work, a high index (${{\rm GeO}_2}$ doped silica) core flat fiber is proposed and analyzed for RI sensing ranging from 1.53 to 1.60. A rectangular analyte channel is created on top of a flat fiber to better handle the liquid analyte. To introduce the plasmonic effect, ${{\rm TiO}_2}$ and gold are deposited to the analyte channel. The sensing performance is carried out for two operating wavelengths, as two peaks are obtained for each analyte. The second operating wavelength shows better sensing performance than the first one. However, the proposed sensor offers average wavelength sensitivity of 5000 nm/RIU with a sensor resolution of $2 \times {10^{- 05}}$ RIU. In addition, the proposed sensor shows identical linearity, which is quite rare in prior sensors. Moreover, the proposed flat sensor provides outstanding detection accuracy of ${0.01}\;{{\rm nm}^{- 1}}$, detection limit of 79.28 nm, signal to noise ratio of ${-}{4.1497}\;{\rm dB}$, and figure of merit of ${50}\;{{\rm RIU}^{- 1}}$. Owing to outstanding sensing performance and a unique detection range, this sensor can be effectively used in biological and organic analyte sensing applications.

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Parameter	Quantity	FWHM (nm)	Peak CL (dB/cm)	Peak WS (nm/RIU)
Gold thickness, $t_{au}$ (nm)	50, 40, 30	130, 120, 160	0.0161, 0.0375, 0.1012	6000, 5000, 3000
${T i O}_{2}$ thickness $t_{t}$ (nm)	10, 5, 0	110, 120, 110	0.0403, 0.0375, 0.0355	5000, 5000, 5000
Core diameter, $D$ (µm)	1.4, 1.5, 1.6	90, 120, 270	0.1355, 0.0375, 0.0070	5000, 5000, 5000
Air hole diameter, $d$ (µm)	0.8, 1, 1.2	130, 120, 110	0.0327, 0.0375, 0.0519	4000, 5000, 6000
Pitch, $Λ$ (µm)	1.4, 1.5, 1.6	120, 120, 150	0.0375, 0.0218, 0.0135	5000, 5000, 5000

RI	Peak	${C L}_{max}$ (dB/cm)	$λ$ (nm)	$Δ λ$ (nm)	SL (cm)	WS ( $n m / R I U$ )	Resolution (RIU)	FWHM (nm)	SNR (dB)	FOM ( $1 / R I U$ )	DL (nm)	DA ( $1 / n m$ )
$1.53$	$p e a k_{1}$	0.0088	1150	40	113.23	4000	$2.5 \times 10^{- 05}$	110	$- 4.3933$	36.3636	94.435	0.0091
$1.53$	$p e a k_{2}$	0.0344	1380	50	29.111	5000	$2 \times 10^{- 05}$	100	$- 3.0103$	50.0000	79.280	0.0100
$1.54$	$p e a k_{1}$	0.0130	1190	40	77.19	4000	$2.5 \times 10^{- 05}$	120	$- 4.7712$	33.3333	105.286	0.0083
$1.54$	$p e a k_{2}$	0.0375	1430	50	26.695	5000	$2 \times 10^{- 05}$	120	$- 3.8021$	41.6667	99.573	0.0083
$1.55$	$p e a k_{1}$	0.0170	1230	30	58.828	3000	$3.33 \times 10^{- 05}$	110	$- 5.6427$	27.2727	101.477	0.0091
$1.55$	$p e a k_{2}$	0.0425	1480	50	23.555	5000	$2 \times 10^{- 05}$	120	$- 3.8021$	41.6667	99.573	0.0083
$1.56$	$p e a k_{1}$	0.0207	1260	30	48.295	3000	$3.33 \times 10^{- 05}$	100	$- 5.2288$	30.0000	90.080	0.0100
$1.56$	$p e a k_{2}$	0.0499	1530	50	20.039	5000	$2 \times 10^{- 05}$	130	$- 4.1497$	38.4615	110.051	0.0077
$1.57$	$p e a k_{1}$	0.0236	1290	20	42.417	2000	$5 \times 10^{- 05}$	100	$- 6.9897$	20.0000	99.690	0.0100
$1.57$	$p e a k_{2}$	0.0593	1580	50	16.875	5000	$2 \times 10^{- 05}$	130	$- 4.1497$	38.4615	110.051	0.0077
$1.58$	$p e a k_{1}$	0.0268	1310	20	37.287	2000	$5 \times 10^{- 05}$	110	$- 7.4036$	18.1818	112.303	0.0091
$1.58$	$p e a k_{2}$	0.0723	1630	50	13.835	5000	$2 \times 10^{- 05}$	120	$- 3.8021$	41.6667	99.573	0.0083
$1.59$	$p e a k_{1}$	0.0305	1330	20	32.789	2000	$5 \times 10^{- 05}$	100	$- 6.9897$	20.0000	99.690	0.0100
$1.59$	$p e a k_{2}$	0.0898	1680	50	11.131	5000	$2 \times 10^{- 05}$	130	$- 4.1497$	38.4615	110.051	0.0077
$1.60$	$p e a k_{1}$	0.0334	1350	NA	29.955	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
$1.60$	$p e a k_{2}$	0.1136	1730	NA	8.8036	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA

Reference	Structure	Sensing Range	Average WS (nm/RIU)	Linear Fitting ( $R^{2}$ )
[20]	Circular PCF	1.331–1.339	2000	1
[28]	Flat PCF	1.460–1.485	9600	0.9432
[30]	Flat PCF	1.445–1.490	12172	0.999
[31]	Flat PCF	1.49–1.54	4056.6	0.991
[43]	Circular PCF	1.42–1.54	5879.2	0.9468
This work	Flat PCF	1.53–1.60	5000	1

Parameter	Quantity	FWHM (nm)	Peak CL (dB/cm)	Peak WS (nm/RIU)
Gold thickness, $t_{au}$ (nm)	50, 40, 30	130, 120, 160	0.0161, 0.0375, 0.1012	6000, 5000, 3000
${T i O}_{2}$ thickness $t_{t}$ (nm)	10, 5, 0	110, 120, 110	0.0403, 0.0375, 0.0355	5000, 5000, 5000
Core diameter, $D$ (µm)	1.4, 1.5, 1.6	90, 120, 270	0.1355, 0.0375, 0.0070	5000, 5000, 5000
Air hole diameter, $d$ (µm)	0.8, 1, 1.2	130, 120, 110	0.0327, 0.0375, 0.0519	4000, 5000, 6000
Pitch, $Λ$ (µm)	1.4, 1.5, 1.6	120, 120, 150	0.0375, 0.0218, 0.0135	5000, 5000, 5000

RI	Peak	${C L}_{max}$ (dB/cm)	$λ$ (nm)	$Δ λ$ (nm)	SL (cm)	WS ( $n m / R I U$ )	Resolution (RIU)	FWHM (nm)	SNR (dB)	FOM ( $1 / R I U$ )	DL (nm)	DA ( $1 / n m$ )
$1.53$	$p e a k_{1}$	0.0088	1150	40	113.23	4000	$2.5 \times 10^{- 05}$	110	$- 4.3933$	36.3636	94.435	0.0091
$1.53$	$p e a k_{2}$	0.0344	1380	50	29.111	5000	$2 \times 10^{- 05}$	100	$- 3.0103$	50.0000	79.280	0.0100
$1.54$	$p e a k_{1}$	0.0130	1190	40	77.19	4000	$2.5 \times 10^{- 05}$	120	$- 4.7712$	33.3333	105.286	0.0083
$1.54$	$p e a k_{2}$	0.0375	1430	50	26.695	5000	$2 \times 10^{- 05}$	120	$- 3.8021$	41.6667	99.573	0.0083
$1.55$	$p e a k_{1}$	0.0170	1230	30	58.828	3000	$3.33 \times 10^{- 05}$	110	$- 5.6427$	27.2727	101.477	0.0091
$1.55$	$p e a k_{2}$	0.0425	1480	50	23.555	5000	$2 \times 10^{- 05}$	120	$- 3.8021$	41.6667	99.573	0.0083
$1.56$	$p e a k_{1}$	0.0207	1260	30	48.295	3000	$3.33 \times 10^{- 05}$	100	$- 5.2288$	30.0000	90.080	0.0100
$1.56$	$p e a k_{2}$	0.0499	1530	50	20.039	5000	$2 \times 10^{- 05}$	130	$- 4.1497$	38.4615	110.051	0.0077
$1.57$	$p e a k_{1}$	0.0236	1290	20	42.417	2000	$5 \times 10^{- 05}$	100	$- 6.9897$	20.0000	99.690	0.0100
$1.57$	$p e a k_{2}$	0.0593	1580	50	16.875	5000	$2 \times 10^{- 05}$	130	$- 4.1497$	38.4615	110.051	0.0077
$1.58$	$p e a k_{1}$	0.0268	1310	20	37.287	2000	$5 \times 10^{- 05}$	110	$- 7.4036$	18.1818	112.303	0.0091
$1.58$	$p e a k_{2}$	0.0723	1630	50	13.835	5000	$2 \times 10^{- 05}$	120	$- 3.8021$	41.6667	99.573	0.0083
$1.59$	$p e a k_{1}$	0.0305	1330	20	32.789	2000	$5 \times 10^{- 05}$	100	$- 6.9897$	20.0000	99.690	0.0100
$1.59$	$p e a k_{2}$	0.0898	1680	50	11.131	5000	$2 \times 10^{- 05}$	130	$- 4.1497$	38.4615	110.051	0.0077
$1.60$	$p e a k_{1}$	0.0334	1350	NA	29.955	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
$1.60$	$p e a k_{2}$	0.1136	1730	NA	8.8036	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA

Abstract

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Tables (3)

Equations (12)

Applied Optics