Abstract

We report for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, harmonic mode-locked noise-like pulses under a $Q$-switched envelope in an all-fiber erbium doped ring laser cavity, mode locked using the nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) technique. For a cavity with a fundamental repetition rate of 1.33 MHz, stable mode-locked noise-like pulses, with few nanoseconds durations, single pulse energies around 30–40 nJ, and $Q$-switched repetition rates up to 31 kHz, were produced and characterized from the fundamental to the eighth harmonic. The formation and evolution of $Q$-switched harmonic mode-locked noise-like pulses were preceded by the formation of $Q$-switched mode-locked noise-like pulse bunches. This is also the first report on noise-like bunches under a $Q$-switched envelope, to our knowledge. Our studies also provide further insights into the interplay of different physical mechanisms involved in the production of such ultrashort pulses. Such sources should prove especially useful for efficient supercontinuum generation and laser micromachining.

© 2022 Optica Publishing Group

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