Abstract

All-optical modulators based on ${\rm{MXene}} \text{-} {{\rm{Ti}}_3}{{\rm{C}}_2}{{\rm{T}}_{\rm x}}$ have recently garnered much attention due to their broadband light–matter interactions and its ultrafast carrier dynamics. To investigate the modulation characteristics of pump intensity and pump light modulation frequency, we establish an all-optical modulator with a sandwich structure based on ${\rm{MXene}} \text{-} {{\rm{Ti}}_3}{{\rm{C}}_2}{{\rm{T}}_{\rm x}}/{\rm{PVA}}$ (polyvinyl alcohol) film. The result shows that this modulator can achieve a high modulation depth of 12.55 dB and a modulation frequency of 50 kHz corresponding to a response time at the microsecond scale. The successful preparation of the modulator is attributed to the saturable absorption characteristics of the ${\rm{MXene}} \text{-} {{\rm{Ti}}_3}{{\rm{C}}_2}{{\rm{T}}_{\rm x}}$. This modulator has great potential in all-optical communications and ultrafast optical signal processing.

© 2022 Optica Publishing Group

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