Optimization of brightness in a Nd:YAG laser by maximizing the single-mode power factor with an intra-cavity spatial light modulator

Cong Hu; Cong Hu; Yu Xiao; Yu Xiao; Yu Xiao; Yuhang He; Yusong Liu; Yuyan Song; Xiahui Tang; Xiahui Tang

doi:10.1364/AO.451538

Applied Optics
Vol. 61,
Issue 6,
pp. 1482-1491
(2022)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.451538

Optimization of brightness in a Nd:YAG laser by maximizing the single-mode power factor with an intra-cavity spatial light modulator

Cong Hu, Yu Xiao, Yuhang He, Yusong Liu, Yuyan Song, and Xiahui Tang

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Cong Hu, Yu Xiao, Yuhang He, Yusong Liu, Yuyan Song, and Xiahui Tang, "Optimization of brightness in a Nd:YAG laser by maximizing the single-mode power factor with an intra-cavity spatial light modulator," Appl. Opt. 61, 1482-1491 (2022)

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Table of Contents Category
- Lasers, Optical Amplifiers, and Laser Optics
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: December 16, 2021
- Revised Manuscript: January 21, 2022
- Manuscript Accepted: January 24, 2022
- Published: February 15, 2022

Abstract

We report a simple and effective approach for designing resonators with high brightness and high mode discrimination based on optimizing the single-mode power factor of the fundamental mode, which represents the total power extracted by the fundamental mode from the gain medium. By optimizing the single-mode power factor of the fundamental mode, the cavity can be designed to operate in mono-mode, increasing mode purity and improving brightness significantly. Our method is verified on a digital laser with a spatial light modulator as the rear mirror, and the loaded phase profile is acquired by a simulated annealing algorithm. As a result, the optimized resonator with a Fresnel number of 7.2 operates in a single fundamental mode, and the brightness of the output beam yields 240% and 276% improvement, compared with conventional plane–plane and plane–concave resonators, respectively. This approach is ready to be applied to more sophisticated mode selection and may serve as a general method for designing cavities with high efficiency and high brightness.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Equations (16)

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	${T E M}_{00}$		${T E M}_{10}$		${T E M}_{01}$		${T E M}_{11}$		${T E M}_{02}$		${T E M}_{12}$		${T E M}_{22}$
	$E A$ ^a	$R L$ ^b	$E A$	$R L$	$E A$	$R L$	$E A$	$R L$	$E A$	$R L$	$E A$	$R L$	$E A$	$R L$
${T E M}_{00}$ -optimized (i)	1.32	0.02	0.31	0.06	0.80	0.04	0.39	0.15	0.61	0.04	0.80	0.17	0.93	0.49
${T E M}_{00}$ -optimized (ii)	1.31	0.02	0.33	0.04	0.84	0.04	0.45	0.08	0.75	0.06	0.87	0.20	0.96	0.47
Plane–plane	1.01	0.04	0.44	0.19	2.67	0.10	1.98	0.28	2.65	0.17	2.13	0.41	1.53	0.63
Plane–concave	0.40	0.02	0.37	0.02	1.10	0.02	1.15	0.02	1.49	0.04	1.55	0.06	1.24	0.24

	Normalized	Normalized
Cavity Type	Brightness	Output Power	$M^{2}$ Factor
${T E M}_{00}$ -optimized (i)	2.76	1	1.32
${T E M}_{00}$ -optimized (ii)	2.60	1.08	1.41
Plane–plane	1.15	1.44	2.45
Plane–concave	1	1.78	2.93

	${T E M}_{00}$		${T E M}_{10}$		${T E M}_{01}$		${T E M}_{11}$		${T E M}_{02}$		${T E M}_{12}$		${T E M}_{22}$
	$E A$ ^a	$R L$ ^b	$E A$	$R L$	$E A$	$R L$	$E A$	$R L$	$E A$	$R L$	$E A$	$R L$	$E A$	$R L$
${T E M}_{00}$ -optimized (i)	1.32	0.02	0.31	0.06	0.80	0.04	0.39	0.15	0.61	0.04	0.80	0.17	0.93	0.49
${T E M}_{00}$ -optimized (ii)	1.31	0.02	0.33	0.04	0.84	0.04	0.45	0.08	0.75	0.06	0.87	0.20	0.96	0.47
Plane–plane	1.01	0.04	0.44	0.19	2.67	0.10	1.98	0.28	2.65	0.17	2.13	0.41	1.53	0.63
Plane–concave	0.40	0.02	0.37	0.02	1.10	0.02	1.15	0.02	1.49	0.04	1.55	0.06	1.24	0.24

	Normalized	Normalized
Cavity Type	Brightness	Output Power	$M^{2}$ Factor
${T E M}_{00}$ -optimized (i)	2.76	1	1.32
${T E M}_{00}$ -optimized (ii)	2.60	1.08	1.41
Plane–plane	1.15	1.44	2.45
Plane–concave	1	1.78	2.93

Abstract

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Equations (16)

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