6G enabling FSO communication system employing integrated PDM-OAM-OCDMA transmission: impact of weather conditions in&#x00A0;India

Mehtab Singh; Moustafa H. Aly; Somia A. Abd El-Mottaleb

doi:10.1364/AO.477840

Applied Optics
Vol. 62,
Issue 1,
pp. 142-152
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.477840

6G enabling FSO communication system employing integrated PDM-OAM-OCDMA transmission: impact of weather conditions in India

Mehtab Singh, Moustafa H. Aly, and Somia A. Abd El-Mottaleb

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Mehtab Singh, Moustafa H. Aly, and Somia A. Abd El-Mottaleb, "6G enabling FSO communication system employing integrated PDM-OAM-OCDMA transmission: impact of weather conditions in India," Appl. Opt. 62, 142-152 (2023)

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Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics, Fiber Sensors, and Optical Communications
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: October 12, 2022
- Revised Manuscript: November 22, 2022
- Manuscript Accepted: November 23, 2022
- Published: December 19, 2022

Abstract

Currently, free space optics (FSO) transmission has gained attention due to its capability to deliver high data rates with a high level of security. In addition, using multiplexing techniques with FSO makes it capable of handling the excessive increase in traffic data and supporting the 5G and 6G wireless network requirements. Accordingly, in this paper, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, FSO system integrating three multiplexing techniques—orbital angular momentum (OAM) (four OAM beams are used) polarization-division multiplexing (two polarization states are used), and optical code division multiple access (four channels assigned with permutation vector codes are used)—is proposed. Additionally, the effects of rainy, foggy, dusty weather and the real weather for four different Indian cities that have different geographical locations are studied and investigated. The system performance is evaluated based on the bit error rate (BER), quality factor (${Q}$-factor), maximum FSO range, and eye diagram opening. The simulation results show successful transmission of 320 Gbps overall capacity with a maximum achievable FSO range of 7 km under clear weather. On the other hand, the shortest FSO range of 0.105 km is achieved when there are heavy dust storms. As for the Indian cities, Srinagar (hilly area of India) achieves the shortest FSO link, which is 4.2 km while the largest range of 7 km is observed for Chennai city (coastal area of India). All these ranges are evaluated for a log(BER) value ${\lt}{-} {7}$. Consequently, this proposed transmission model is suggested for use in 6G applications of FSO communication systems.

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			Wavelengths (nm)
Channel	LG Beam	Polarization State	1550	1550.8	1551.6	1552.4	1553.2	1554	1554.8	1555.6
1, 5, 9, 13	${L G}_{0, 0}$	$X$ -PZ
2, 6, 10, 14	${L G}_{0, 13}$
3, 7, 11, 15	${L G}_{0, 40}$
4, 8, 12, 16	${L G}_{0, 80}$
17, 21, 25, 29	${L G}_{0, 0}$	$Y$ -PZ
18, 22, 26, 30	${L G}_{0, 13}$
19, 23, 27, 31	${L G}_{0, 40}$
20, 24, 28, 32	${L G}_{0, 80}$

Parameter	Value
Information
Data rate per each channel	10 Gbps
$B_{e l e c}$	$0.75 \times B i t$ rate
Source
$P_{t r}$	15 dBm
Linewidth of SCWL	10 MHz
OAM beams	${L G}_{0, 0}$ , ${L G}_{0, 13}$ , ${L G}_{0, 40}$ , and ${L G}_{0, 80}$
Polarization states	$X$ -PZ at azimuth angle $0^{\circ}$
Polarization states	$Y$ -PZ at azimuth angle 90°
Number of channels per each beam	4
FSO channel
$d_{tr}$	10 cm
$d_{rc}$	20 cm
Receiver
$R$	1 A/W
$R_{L}$	$1030 Ω$
$T$	300 K

Channels	OAM Beam	Polarization State	log(BER)	$Q$ -factor
1	${L G}_{0, 0}$	$X$ -PZ	−8.98	5.98
5	${L G}_{0, 13}$		−9.56	6.20
9	${L G}_{0, 40}$		−9.42	6.14
13	${L G}_{0, 80}$		−9.52	6.18
17	${L G}_{0, 0}$	$Y$ -PZ	−9.55	6.19
21	${L G}_{0, 13}$		−9.40	6.14
25	${L G}_{0, 40}$		−9.17	6.05
29	${L G}_{0, 80}$		−9.15	6.04

Rain Conditions	OAM Beam	Polarization State	log (BER)	Q-factor
LR at 2.1 km	${L G}_{0, 0}$	$X$ -PZ	−9.63	6.22
MR at 1.6 km			−9.52	6.18
HR at 1 km			−8.69	−5.87

Fog Conditions	OAM Beam	Polarization State	log (BER)	$Q$ -factor
LF at 1.55 km	${L G}_{0, 0}$	$X$ -PZ	−9.64	6.22
MF at 1.05 km			−9.20	6.06
HF at 0.78 km			−8.31	5.72

Dust Conditions	OAM Beam	Polarization State	log (BER)	Q-factor
LD at 1.55 km	${L G}_{0, 0}$	$X$ -PZ	−8.15	5.66
MD at 1.05 km			−7.91	5.57
HD at 0.78 km			−8.19	5.68

Dust Conditions	OAM Beam	Polarization State	log (BER)	$Q$ -factor
Chennai	${L G}_{0, 0}$	$X$ -PZ	−9.04	6.01
Jodhpur			−7.48	5.39
Chandigarh			−8.35	5.7
Srinagar			−9.36	6.12

Reference	Multiplexing Technique in FSO	Weather Conditions	Authenticated Meteorological Data Source	Overall Capacity	Ranges
[17]	NRZ-OAM	Clear, fog, and dust storms	No	40 Gbps	LF: 480 m
					MF: 375 m
					HF: 320 m
					LD: 310 m
					MD: 130 m
					HD: 64 m
[22]	OAM-OCDMA-using EDW code	Clear, haze, rain, and fog	No	120 Gbps	CA: 280 m
					LF: 157 m
					MF: 160 m
					HF: 135 m
[38]	PDM-OCDMA using EDW code	Clear, haze, rain, and fog	No	60 Gbps	CA: 4000 m
					LF: 1220 m
					MF: 860 m
					HF: 680 m
[24]	PDM-OCDMA using random	Clear and fog	No	100 Gbps	LF: 1800 m
	diagonal code				MF: 1300 m
					HF: 1000 m
[12]	OFDM-OCDMA using EDW code	Rain, fog, and dust storms	No	45 Gbps	CA: 3450 m
					LF: 1085 m
					MF: 784 m
					HF: 645 m
					LD: 681 m
					MD: 232 m
					HD: 102 m
Present Work	OAM-PDM-OCDMA	Clear, rain, fog, and dust	Yes, Chennai, Jodhpur,	320 Gbps	CA: 9000 m
		storms	Chandigarh, and		LF: 1550 m
			Srinagar		MF: 1050 m
					HF: 780 m
					LD: 825 m
					MD: 260 m
					HD: 105 m
					Chennai: 7000 m
					Jodhpur: 5600 m
					Chandigarh: 4200 m
					Srinagar: 3600 m

Moustafa H. Aly	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1966-3755
Somia A. Abd El-Mottaleb	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1302-3557

Abstract

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Applied Optics