Stable emission of solar laser power under non-continuous solar tracking conditions

Miguel Catela; Dawei Liang; Cláudia R. Vistas; Dário Garcia; Hugo Costa; Bruno D. Tibúrcio; Joana Almeida

doi:10.1364/AO.485158

Applied Optics
Vol. 62,
Issue 10,
pp. 2697-2706
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.485158

Stable emission of solar laser power under non-continuous solar tracking conditions

Miguel Catela, Dawei Liang, Cláudia R. Vistas, Dário Garcia, Hugo Costa, Bruno D. Tibúrcio, and Joana Almeida

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Miguel Catela, Dawei Liang, Cláudia R. Vistas, Dário Garcia, Hugo Costa, Bruno D. Tibúrcio, and Joana Almeida, "Stable emission of solar laser power under non-continuous solar tracking conditions," Appl. Opt. 62, 2697-2706 (2023)

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Abstract

Solar laser technology typically requires a highly accurate solar tracking system that operates continuously, which increases energy consumption and reduces the system’s lifetime. We propose a multi-rod solar laser pumping approach to enhance solar laser stability under non-continuous solar tracking conditions. Using a heliostat, solar radiation is redirected toward a first-stage parabolic concentrator. At its focus, an aspheric lens further concentrates the solar rays onto five Nd:YAG rods positioned within an elliptical-shaped pump cavity. Numerical analysis using Zemax and LASCAD software showed that the tracking error width at 10% laser power loss for the five 6.5 mm diameter and 15 mm length rods was 2.20°, which is 50% higher than that of the solar laser in previous non-continuous solar tracking experiments. 2.0% solar-to-laser conversion efficiency was also attained.

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$D_{R}$	6.5	6.0	5.5	5.0	4.5	4.0	3.5	3.0	2.5
$a_{i n}$	17.0	16.5	15.5	15.0	14.0	13.0	12.0	11.0	10.0
$b_{i n}$	13.0	13.0	10.0	9.0	8.0	8.0	7.5	7.0	6.0
$a_{o u t}$	15.0	14.5	13.0	12.5	12.0	11.0	10.0	9.0	8.0
$b_{o u t}$	9.5	9.5	8.5	7.5	7.0	6.0	5.5	5.0	4.0
$x_{1}$	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
$y_{1}$	2.9	2.6	2.5	2.2	2.0	1.7	1.5	1.3	1.0
$x_{2}$	4.8	4.4	4.3	4.1	3.9	3.7	3.4	3.1	2.9
$y_{2}$	−2.9	−2.8	−2.5	−2.3	−2.0	−1.7	−1.5	−1.3	−1.0
$x_{3}$	9.5	8.7	8.6	8.3	7.8	7.3	6.8	6.3	5.8
$y_{3}$	3.1	2.7	2.5	2.3	2.0	1.8	1.5	1.2	1.0

Parameters	This work (numerical)		Tibúrcio et al. 2020 [49] (numerical)	Tibúrcio et al. 2022 [50] (experimental)	Catela et al. 2022 [52] (numerical)	Costa et al. 2022 [53] (numerical)
Effective collection area	$1.767 m^{2}$		$1.560 m^{2}$	$1.050 m^{2}$	$1.767 m^{2}$	$1.767 m^{2}$
Number of rods	5		2	2	4	7
Pumping configuration	End–side-pumping		Side-pumping	Side- pumping	End–side-pumping	End–side-pumping
Rod diameter	6.50 mm	3.00 mm	4.00 mm	4.00 mm	4.55 mm	4.00 mm
Rod length	15 mm	15 mm	25 mm	30/35 mm	15 mm	13 mm
Total multimode laser power	33.4 W	44.3 W	37.7 W	14.8 W	43.7 W	41.2 W
Multimode solar laser collection efficiency	$18.9 {W / m}^{2}$	$25.1 W / m^{2}$	$24.2 {W / m}^{2}$	$14.1 {W / m}^{2}$	$24.7 {W / m}^{2}$	$23.3 {W / m}^{2}$
Multimode solar-to-laser conversion efficiency	2.0%	2.6%	2.9%	1.8%	2.6%	2.5%
${T E W}_{10 %}$	2.20°	1.22°	0.70°	1.40°	0.76°	0.99°

$D_{R}$	6.5	6.0	5.5	5.0	4.5	4.0	3.5	3.0	2.5
$a_{i n}$	17.0	16.5	15.5	15.0	14.0	13.0	12.0	11.0	10.0
$b_{i n}$	13.0	13.0	10.0	9.0	8.0	8.0	7.5	7.0	6.0
$a_{o u t}$	15.0	14.5	13.0	12.5	12.0	11.0	10.0	9.0	8.0
$b_{o u t}$	9.5	9.5	8.5	7.5	7.0	6.0	5.5	5.0	4.0
$x_{1}$	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
$y_{1}$	2.9	2.6	2.5	2.2	2.0	1.7	1.5	1.3	1.0
$x_{2}$	4.8	4.4	4.3	4.1	3.9	3.7	3.4	3.1	2.9
$y_{2}$	−2.9	−2.8	−2.5	−2.3	−2.0	−1.7	−1.5	−1.3	−1.0
$x_{3}$	9.5	8.7	8.6	8.3	7.8	7.3	6.8	6.3	5.8
$y_{3}$	3.1	2.7	2.5	2.3	2.0	1.8	1.5	1.2	1.0

Parameters	This work (numerical)		Tibúrcio et al. 2020 [49] (numerical)	Tibúrcio et al. 2022 [50] (experimental)	Catela et al. 2022 [52] (numerical)	Costa et al. 2022 [53] (numerical)
Effective collection area	$1.767 m^{2}$		$1.560 m^{2}$	$1.050 m^{2}$	$1.767 m^{2}$	$1.767 m^{2}$
Number of rods	5		2	2	4	7
Pumping configuration	End–side-pumping		Side-pumping	Side- pumping	End–side-pumping	End–side-pumping
Rod diameter	6.50 mm	3.00 mm	4.00 mm	4.00 mm	4.55 mm	4.00 mm
Rod length	15 mm	15 mm	25 mm	30/35 mm	15 mm	13 mm
Total multimode laser power	33.4 W	44.3 W	37.7 W	14.8 W	43.7 W	41.2 W
Multimode solar laser collection efficiency	$18.9 {W / m}^{2}$	$25.1 W / m^{2}$	$24.2 {W / m}^{2}$	$14.1 {W / m}^{2}$	$24.7 {W / m}^{2}$	$23.3 {W / m}^{2}$
Multimode solar-to-laser conversion efficiency	2.0%	2.6%	2.9%	1.8%	2.6%	2.5%
${T E W}_{10 %}$	2.20°	1.22°	0.70°	1.40°	0.76°	0.99°

Abstract

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Equations (5)

Applied Optics