D-shaped photonic crystal fiber sensor based on the surface plasmon resonance effect for refractive index detection

Xiaokai Liu; Jinhui Yuan; Jinhui Yuan; Yuwei Qu; Jingao Zhang; Xian Zhou; Binbin Yan; Kuiru Wang; Xinzhu Sang; Chongxiu Yu

doi:10.1364/AO.485312

Applied Optics
Vol. 62,
Issue 16,
pp. E83-E91
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.485312

D-shaped photonic crystal fiber sensor based on the surface plasmon resonance effect for refractive index detection

Xiaokai Liu, Jinhui Yuan, Yuwei Qu, Jingao Zhang, Xian Zhou, Binbin Yan, Kuiru Wang, Xinzhu Sang, and Chongxiu Yu

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Xiaokai Liu, Jinhui Yuan, Yuwei Qu, Jingao Zhang, Xian Zhou, Binbin Yan, Kuiru Wang, Xinzhu Sang, and Chongxiu Yu, "D-shaped photonic crystal fiber sensor based on the surface plasmon resonance effect for refractive index detection," Appl. Opt. 62, E83-E91 (2023)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics, Fiber Sensors, and Optical Communications
Optics & Photonics Topics
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: January 13, 2023
- Revised Manuscript: April 1, 2023
- Manuscript Accepted: April 1, 2023
- Published: April 25, 2023

Abstract

In this paper, a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect for refractive index (RI) detection is proposed. We design a D-shaped polished PCF structure consisting of air holes arranged in a hexagonal lattice. The silver film is coated on the middle channel of the polished surface of the PCF. The finite element method is used to analyze the propagation characteristics of the proposed D-shaped SPR-PCF sensor. Simulation results show that the proposed D-shaped SPR-PCF sensor has a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 30,000 nm/RIU, an average wavelength sensitivity of 6785.71 nm/RIU, and a maximum resolution of $3.33 \times {10^{- 6}}\; {\rm{RIU}}$ in the RI range of 1.22–1.36. Owing to the high wavelength sensitivity in the considered RI range, the proposed D-shaped SPR-PCF sensor is suitable for applications in water contamination detection, liquid concentration measurement, food safety monitoring, etc.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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$n_{a}$	CL (dB/cm)	Resonant Wavelength (nm)	WS (nm/RIU)	Resolution (RIU)	FOM ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )
1.22	41.39	1405	2000	$5.00 \times 10^{- 5}$	25.37
1.23	43.19	1420	2000	$5.00 \times 10^{- 5}$	24.21
1.24	45.33	1440	2000	$5.00 \times 10^{- 5}$	23.08
1.25	47.82	1460	2500	$4.00 \times 10^{- 5}$	27.27
1.26	51.03	1485	3000	$3.33 \times 10^{- 5}$	30.87
1.27	55.10	1515	3300	$3.03 \times 10^{- 5}$	31.91
1.28	60.24	1548	3700	$2.70 \times 10^{- 5}$	33.46
1.29	67.02	1585	4500	$2.22 \times 10^{- 5}$	37.82
1.30	76.19	1630	5000	$2.00 \times 10^{- 5}$	38.90
1.31	89.19	1680	6500	$1.54 \times 10^{- 5}$	46.72
1.32	108.63	1745	7500	$1.33 \times 10^{- 5}$	49.66
1.33	140.98	1820	9500	$1.05 \times 10^{- 5}$	58.55
1.34	206.79	1915	13500	$7.41 \times 10^{- 6}$	83.29
1.35	357.04	2050	30000	$3.33 \times 10^{- 6}$	217.19
1.36	268.39	2350	N/A	N/A	N/A

Reference	Structure	RI Range	Maximum WS (nm/RIU)	Resolution (RIU)	FOM ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )
[27]	D-shaped PCF with gold layer	1.20–1.29	11,055	$9.05 \times 10^{- 6}$	N/A
[39]	Six-fold PCF with gold layer	1.40–1.44	17,000	N/A	55.8
[22]	Grating-based PCF with silver-titanium dioxide layer	1.33–1.36	10,600	$9.43 \times 10^{- 6}$	N/A
[40]	Asymmetric-core PCF	1.33–1.40	11,000	$9.09 \times 10^{- 6}$	157
[41]	Side-polished PCF with gold layer	1.35–1.39	12,500	$8.00 \times 10^{- 6}$	N/A
This work	D-shaped PCF with silver layer	1.22–1.36	30,000	$3.33 \times 10^{- 6}$	217.19

$n_{a}$	CL (dB/cm)	Resonant Wavelength (nm)	WS (nm/RIU)	Resolution (RIU)	FOM ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )
1.22	41.39	1405	2000	$5.00 \times 10^{- 5}$	25.37
1.23	43.19	1420	2000	$5.00 \times 10^{- 5}$	24.21
1.24	45.33	1440	2000	$5.00 \times 10^{- 5}$	23.08
1.25	47.82	1460	2500	$4.00 \times 10^{- 5}$	27.27
1.26	51.03	1485	3000	$3.33 \times 10^{- 5}$	30.87
1.27	55.10	1515	3300	$3.03 \times 10^{- 5}$	31.91
1.28	60.24	1548	3700	$2.70 \times 10^{- 5}$	33.46
1.29	67.02	1585	4500	$2.22 \times 10^{- 5}$	37.82
1.30	76.19	1630	5000	$2.00 \times 10^{- 5}$	38.90
1.31	89.19	1680	6500	$1.54 \times 10^{- 5}$	46.72
1.32	108.63	1745	7500	$1.33 \times 10^{- 5}$	49.66
1.33	140.98	1820	9500	$1.05 \times 10^{- 5}$	58.55
1.34	206.79	1915	13500	$7.41 \times 10^{- 6}$	83.29
1.35	357.04	2050	30000	$3.33 \times 10^{- 6}$	217.19
1.36	268.39	2350	N/A	N/A	N/A

Reference	Structure	RI Range	Maximum WS (nm/RIU)	Resolution (RIU)	FOM ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )
[27]	D-shaped PCF with gold layer	1.20–1.29	11,055	$9.05 \times 10^{- 6}$	N/A
[39]	Six-fold PCF with gold layer	1.40–1.44	17,000	N/A	55.8
[22]	Grating-based PCF with silver-titanium dioxide layer	1.33–1.36	10,600	$9.43 \times 10^{- 6}$	N/A
[40]	Asymmetric-core PCF	1.33–1.40	11,000	$9.09 \times 10^{- 6}$	157
[41]	Side-polished PCF with gold layer	1.35–1.39	12,500	$8.00 \times 10^{- 6}$	N/A
This work	D-shaped PCF with silver layer	1.22–1.36	30,000	$3.33 \times 10^{- 6}$	217.19

Abstract

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Applied Optics