Thermal effect analysis on cuboid Pr:YLF crystals pumped by blue laser diodes

Ping Wang; Qinyun Yuan; Ran Xia; Shengbo Xu; Yu Xiao; Xiahui Tang; Xiahui Tang

doi:10.1364/AO.492869

Applied Optics
Vol. 62,
Issue 18,
pp. 4797-4804
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.492869

Thermal effect analysis on cuboid Pr:YLF crystals pumped by blue laser diodes

Ping Wang, Qinyun Yuan, Ran Xia, Shengbo Xu, Yu Xiao, and Xiahui Tang

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Ping Wang, Qinyun Yuan, Ran Xia, Shengbo Xu, Yu Xiao, and Xiahui Tang, "Thermal effect analysis on cuboid Pr:YLF crystals pumped by blue laser diodes," Appl. Opt. 62, 4797-4804 (2023)

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Abstract

Using blue laser diodes (LDs) to pump Pr:YLF crystals can directly realize visible-band laser output. Compared with the traditional frequency doubling and LD direct output method, it has the advantages of simple design, compact structure, and high beam quality. For solid-state lasers, pump-induced thermal effects of gain media are the principal limiting factors for the desired high-power output. In this paper, internal temperature space model distribution of a rectangular cross-section Pr:YLF crystal is established. On this basis, the temperature distribution, thermal stress distribution, and thermal focal length variation of single-end pumped and double-end pumped laser crystals are analyzed. The results are verified by COMSOL simulations and experimental measurements. To our knowledge, this analysis is the first to examine the thermal effect of a rectangular cross-section Pr:YLF crystal, analyzing the limit power that the crystal can withstand, which paves the way for better performances of visible lasers with stable and high-power output.

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Items	Value
Elastic modulus ( $n / M^{2}$ )	$7.5 \times 10^{10}$
Poisson’s ratio	0.33
Thermal conductivity (W/cm $\cdot$ K)	0.06
Coefficient of thermal expansion (/k)	a-cut: $13 \times 10^{- 6}$
Coefficient of thermal expansion (/k)	c-cut: $8 \times 10^{- 6}$
Tensile strength ( $n / M^{2}$ )	$3.3 \times 10^{7}$
Refractive index	$n_{0} = 1.448$ ; $n_{e} = 1.470$
Damage threshold ( $K M W / {c m}^{2}$ )	18.9 at 1064 nm
Fluorescence lifetime (0.5 at. % ${P r}^{3 +}$ )	50 µs
Thermo-optical coefficient (dn/dT)	$π$ : $- 7.6 \times 10^{- 6}$
Thermo-optical coefficient (dn/dT)	$σ$ : $- 5.2 \times 10^{- 6}$
Absorption coefficient (for 0.5 at. % ${P r}^{3 +}$ ) ( ${m m}^{- 1}$ )	$π$ : 0.6 (444.1 nm)
	$σ$ : 0.26 (443 nm)
Crystal density	$3.95 {g / c m}^{3}$
Emission cross section	$20 \times 10^{- 20} {c m}^{2}$

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Applied Optics