High-sensitivity humidity sensing of a U-shaped microfiber coated with porous methacryloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride film

Danting Cui; Sihuan Huang; Hongdao Cheng; Huadan Zheng; Wenguo Zhu; Wenguo Zhu; Jianhui Yu; Jianhui Yu; Yongchun Zhong; Zhe Chen; Zhe Chen

doi:10.1364/AO.493488

Applied Optics
Vol. 62,
Issue 23,
pp. 6106-6112
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.493488

High-sensitivity humidity sensing of a U-shaped microfiber coated with porous methacryloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride film

Danting Cui, Sihuan Huang, Hongdao Cheng, Huadan Zheng, Wenguo Zhu, Jianhui Yu, Yongchun Zhong, and Zhe Chen

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Danting Cui, Sihuan Huang, Hongdao Cheng, Huadan Zheng, Wenguo Zhu, Jianhui Yu, Yongchun Zhong, and Zhe Chen, "High-sensitivity humidity sensing of a U-shaped microfiber coated with porous methacryloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride film," Appl. Opt. 62, 6106-6112 (2023)

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Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics, Fiber Sensors, and Optical Communications
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: April 18, 2023
- Revised Manuscript: July 13, 2023
- Manuscript Accepted: July 14, 2023
- Published: August 2, 2023

Abstract

We demonstrate an intensity-modulated humidity sensor based on a U-shaped microfiber coated with porous methacryloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) film. The high surface-to-volume ratios of the porous structure improve the interaction between the DMC film and water molecules, resulting in significantly enhanced sensitivity of the humidity sensor. In the humidity range of 34.0%RH to 50.0%RH, the humidity sensitivity of this microfiber sensor is up to 3.090 dB/%RH, which is six times higher than that of other fiber humidity sensors. The humidity detection range can be adjusted with high humidity sensitivity ($\ge {1.685}\;{\rm dB/}\% {\rm RH}$) by controlling the microfiber diameter and bent diameter. Furthermore, this type of sensor has a fast recovery time of 0.023 s and a response time of only 0.692 s. This type of sensor has broad potential applications in chemical processing, medical diagnostics, instrument manufacturing, and so on.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Sample Number	Microfiber Diameter (FD)	Bent Diameter (BD)	Sensitivity (dB/%RH)	Adjusted R Squared
S1	6.46 µm	2.883 mm	3.090 (34%RH-50%RH)	0.9931
S2	7.59 µm	2.264 mm	2.995 (47%RH-57%RH)	0.9833
S3	7.93 µm	2.036 mm	2.589 (52%RH-60%RH)	0.9715
S4	5.35 µm	2.320 mm	1.685 (67%RH-88%RH)	0.9923

Type of Fiber Sensor	Sensitivity (dB/%RH)	Response Time(s)	Recovery Time(s)	Reference
Porous DMC film coated U-shaped microfiber	S2: 2.995 (47%RH–57%RH)	0.692	0.023	This paper
${T i O}_{2}$ nanoparticle coated with PCS fiber	27.1 mV/%RH (24%RH–95%RH)	–	–	[9]
PMMA doped agarose gel microfiber	0.421 (50%RH–80%RH)	–	–	[19]
CNT/PVA composite film coated thin core fiber	–0.4573 (70%RH–90%RH)	2	1	[11]
PVA film coated with SPF	0.533 (72%RH–87%RH)	–	–	[29]
PMLR with ZnO nanorods	0.5221 (50%RH–80%RH)	–	–	[8]
Gelatin layer coated with wavelength-diameter tapered optical fiber	–	0.07	$> 40$	[26]
PMMA microfiber loop resonator with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructure	0.178 (20%RH–80%RH)	–	–	[7]
Seeded ZnO nanostructure coated with silica microfiber	0.0038 mV/%RH (50%RH–70%RH)	–	–	[6]
${W S}_{2}$ coated SPF	0.1213 (35%RH–85%RH)	1	5	[14]
${M o S e}_{2}$ coated SPF	0.32 (32%RH–73%RH)	1	4	[15]
${W S}_{2}$ coated microfiber	0.196 (37%RH–90%RH)	1	4	[30]
3-DGN coated microfiber	–0.224 (50%RH–70.6%RH)	4	23.7	[16]
3-DGN coated freestanding microfiber	–0.172 (11.6%RH–71.3%RH)	0.057	0.055	[17]

Sample Number	Microfiber Diameter (FD)	Bent Diameter (BD)	Sensitivity (dB/%RH)	Adjusted R Squared
S1	6.46 µm	2.883 mm	3.090 (34%RH-50%RH)	0.9931
S2	7.59 µm	2.264 mm	2.995 (47%RH-57%RH)	0.9833
S3	7.93 µm	2.036 mm	2.589 (52%RH-60%RH)	0.9715
S4	5.35 µm	2.320 mm	1.685 (67%RH-88%RH)	0.9923

Type of Fiber Sensor	Sensitivity (dB/%RH)	Response Time(s)	Recovery Time(s)	Reference
Porous DMC film coated U-shaped microfiber	S2: 2.995 (47%RH–57%RH)	0.692	0.023	This paper
${T i O}_{2}$ nanoparticle coated with PCS fiber	27.1 mV/%RH (24%RH–95%RH)	–	–	[9]
PMMA doped agarose gel microfiber	0.421 (50%RH–80%RH)	–	–	[19]
CNT/PVA composite film coated thin core fiber	–0.4573 (70%RH–90%RH)	2	1	[11]
PVA film coated with SPF	0.533 (72%RH–87%RH)	–	–	[29]
PMLR with ZnO nanorods	0.5221 (50%RH–80%RH)	–	–	[8]
Gelatin layer coated with wavelength-diameter tapered optical fiber	–	0.07	$> 40$	[26]
PMMA microfiber loop resonator with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructure	0.178 (20%RH–80%RH)	–	–	[7]
Seeded ZnO nanostructure coated with silica microfiber	0.0038 mV/%RH (50%RH–70%RH)	–	–	[6]
${W S}_{2}$ coated SPF	0.1213 (35%RH–85%RH)	1	5	[14]
${M o S e}_{2}$ coated SPF	0.32 (32%RH–73%RH)	1	4	[15]
${W S}_{2}$ coated microfiber	0.196 (37%RH–90%RH)	1	4	[30]
3-DGN coated microfiber	–0.224 (50%RH–70.6%RH)	4	23.7	[16]
3-DGN coated freestanding microfiber	–0.172 (11.6%RH–71.3%RH)	0.057	0.055	[17]

Abstract

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Applied Optics