NOMA cooperative VLC systems: design and performance analysis with OOK and L-PPM modulation

Prashant Dwivedy; Vipul Dixit; Vipul Dixit; Atul Kumar; Atul Kumar

doi:10.1364/AO.496935

Applied Optics
Vol. 62,
Issue 25,
pp. 6639-6651
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.496935

NOMA cooperative VLC systems: design and performance analysis with OOK and L-PPM modulation

Prashant Dwivedy, Vipul Dixit, and Atul Kumar

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Prashant Dwivedy, Vipul Dixit, and Atul Kumar, "NOMA cooperative VLC systems: design and performance analysis with OOK and L-PPM modulation," Appl. Opt. 62, 6639-6651 (2023)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics, Fiber Sensors, and Optical Communications
Optics & Photonics Topics
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The topics in this list come from the Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: June 2, 2023
- Revised Manuscript: July 26, 2023
- Manuscript Accepted: July 28, 2023
- Published: August 22, 2023

Abstract

Visible light communication (VLC) allows white LEDs to communicate while lighting, which improves resource consumption. Multiple relay approaches can be employed in conjunction with cooperative communications to achieve large gains in spatial diversity, expand the coverage, and possibly boost system capacity. In this paper, the nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) cooperative techniques for VLC systems using on–off keying (OOK) and L-pulse-position modulation (L-PPM) are proposed. The maximum ratio combining (MRC) schemes is adopted at the receiving node to combine the signals received from cooperative transmissions. Further, the decode-and-forward relaying protocol is considered for cooperation. The proposed system is analyzed for a multiuser scenario that is followed by a two- and three-user scenario for detailed analysis. This study calculates the bit error probability (BEP) of an OOK/L-PPM modulated NOMA cooperative VLC system under perfect and imperfect successive interference cancellation. Simulation results are presented to validate the produced analytical BEP results.

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Description	Value
Dimension of room	$8 m \times 8 m \times 4 m$
Source coordinates	$4 m \times 4 m \times 4 m$
User 1 coordinates	$3 m \times 3 m \times 3 m$
User 2 coordinates	$2 m \times 2.5 m \times 2 m$
User 3 coordinates	$1 m \times 2 m \times 1 m$
Semi-half angle of LED ( $ψ_{1 / 2}$ )	$60^{\circ}$
FoV ( $Φ_{c}$ )	$60^{\circ}$
Physical area of PD ( $A_{pd}$ )	$1 {c m}^{2}$
Refractive index (n)	1.5
Gain of optical filter $G_{ϵ} (ϕ_{k, l})$	1
Transmission rate ( $R_{b}$ )	50 Mb/s
Noise bandwidth (B)	50 MHz
Background Current ( $I_{B}$ )	202 µA

Alpha 1	Alpha 2	$U_{1}$ Theo.	$U_{1}$ Sim.	$U_{2}$ Theo.	$U_{2}$ Sim.	$U_{3}$ Theo.	$U_{3}$ Sim.
0.75	0.15	0.3897	0.3791	0.2757	0.281	0.0087	0.0088
	0.17	0.4065	0.4094	0.22	0.2269	0.0091	0.0093
	0.2	0.432	0.4397	0.1446	0.1543	0.0104	0.0104
0.8	0.13	0.4158	0.4045	0.2908	0.2881	0.0011	0.001
	0.15	0.4376	0.4366	0.2333	0.2317	0.0012	0.0011
	0.17	0.4594	0.4628	0.1819	0.1818	0.0013	0.0013
0.85	0.1	0.4152	0.4195	0.3477	0.3426	$6.27 \times 10^{- 5}$	$5.7 \times 10^{- 5}$
	0.12	0.4627	0.4574	0.2908	0.2864	$7.15 \times 10^{- 5}$	$7.2 \times 10^{- 5}$
	0.14	0.4873	0.4863	0.2379	0.236	$9.34 \times 10^{- 5}$	$7.7 \times 10^{- 5}$
0.9	0.07	0.4547	0.4426	0.4119	0.4066	$1.83 \times 10^{- 6}$	$4 \times 10^{- 6}$
	0.08	0.4717	0.4635	0.3871	0.3819	$2.04 \times 10^{- 6}$	$1 \times 10^{- 6}$
	0.09	0.4866	0.4838	0.3613	0.3562	$2.4 \times 10^{- 6}$	$1 \times 10^{- 6}$
0.95	0.035	0.471	0.4667	0.4753	0.4713	$2.86 \times 10^{- 8}$	0
	0.04	0.4813	0.4782	0.4679	0.4629	$3.09 \times 10^{- 8}$	0
	0.045	0.491	0.4893	0.4597	0.4556	$3.43 \times 10^{- 8}$	0

Alpha 1	Alpha 2	$U_{1}$ Theo.	$U_{1}$ Sim.	$U_{2}$ Theo.	$U_{2}$ Sim.	$U_{3}$ Theo.	$U_{3}$ Sim.
0.75	0.15	0.5114	0.4693	0.4396	0.439	0.0011	0.0011
	0.17	0.5289	0.5127	0.3634	0.3631	0.0011	0.001
	0.2	0.5512	0.5472	0.226	0.2266	0.0016	0.0016
0.8	0.13	0.5371	0.5048	0.4656	0.4648	$2.1 \times 10^{- 5}$	$4 \times 10^{- 5}$
	0.15	0.5509	0.5399	0.388	0.3871	$2.45 \times 10^{- 5}$	$1.71 \times 10^{- 5}$
	0.17	0.5608	0.557	0.2964	0.2963	$3.92 \times 10^{- 5}$	$4 \times 10^{- 5}$
0.85	0.1	0.5481	0.5148	0.5206	0.5186	$9.11 \times 10^{- 8}$	0
	0.12	0.5592	0.5485	0.4648	0.4629	$1.27 \times 10^{- 7}$	0
	0.14	0.5659	0.5629	0.3862	0.3843	$3.38 \times 10^{- 7}$	0
0.9	0.07	0.5562	0.5329	0.5536	0.5526	$9.33 \times 10^{- 11}$	0
	0.08	0.5607	0.5486	0.5425	0.5412	$1.34 \times 10^{- 10}$	0
	0.09	0.5641	0.5579	0.5261	0.5245	$2.52 \times 10^{- 10}$	0
0.95	0.035	0.5627	0.5553	0.567	0.5667	$2.79 \times 10^{- 14}$	0
	0.04	0.564	0.559	0.566	0.5655	$3.96 \times 10^{- 14}$	0
	0.045	0.5651	0.5621	0.5646	0.5642	$6.19 \times 10^{- 14}$	0

Description	Value
Dimension of room	$8 m \times 8 m \times 4 m$
Source coordinates	$4 m \times 4 m \times 4 m$
User 1 coordinates	$3 m \times 3 m \times 3 m$
User 2 coordinates	$2 m \times 2.5 m \times 2 m$
User 3 coordinates	$1 m \times 2 m \times 1 m$
Semi-half angle of LED ( $ψ_{1 / 2}$ )	$60^{\circ}$
FoV ( $Φ_{c}$ )	$60^{\circ}$
Physical area of PD ( $A_{pd}$ )	$1 {c m}^{2}$
Refractive index (n)	1.5
Gain of optical filter $G_{ϵ} (ϕ_{k, l})$	1
Transmission rate ( $R_{b}$ )	50 Mb/s
Noise bandwidth (B)	50 MHz
Background Current ( $I_{B}$ )	202 µA

Alpha 1	Alpha 2	$U_{1}$ Theo.	$U_{1}$ Sim.	$U_{2}$ Theo.	$U_{2}$ Sim.	$U_{3}$ Theo.	$U_{3}$ Sim.
0.75	0.15	0.3897	0.3791	0.2757	0.281	0.0087	0.0088
	0.17	0.4065	0.4094	0.22	0.2269	0.0091	0.0093
	0.2	0.432	0.4397	0.1446	0.1543	0.0104	0.0104
0.8	0.13	0.4158	0.4045	0.2908	0.2881	0.0011	0.001
	0.15	0.4376	0.4366	0.2333	0.2317	0.0012	0.0011
	0.17	0.4594	0.4628	0.1819	0.1818	0.0013	0.0013
0.85	0.1	0.4152	0.4195	0.3477	0.3426	$6.27 \times 10^{- 5}$	$5.7 \times 10^{- 5}$
	0.12	0.4627	0.4574	0.2908	0.2864	$7.15 \times 10^{- 5}$	$7.2 \times 10^{- 5}$
	0.14	0.4873	0.4863	0.2379	0.236	$9.34 \times 10^{- 5}$	$7.7 \times 10^{- 5}$
0.9	0.07	0.4547	0.4426	0.4119	0.4066	$1.83 \times 10^{- 6}$	$4 \times 10^{- 6}$
	0.08	0.4717	0.4635	0.3871	0.3819	$2.04 \times 10^{- 6}$	$1 \times 10^{- 6}$
	0.09	0.4866	0.4838	0.3613	0.3562	$2.4 \times 10^{- 6}$	$1 \times 10^{- 6}$
0.95	0.035	0.471	0.4667	0.4753	0.4713	$2.86 \times 10^{- 8}$	0
	0.04	0.4813	0.4782	0.4679	0.4629	$3.09 \times 10^{- 8}$	0
	0.045	0.491	0.4893	0.4597	0.4556	$3.43 \times 10^{- 8}$	0

Abstract

Data availability

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Figures (10)

Tables (3)

Equations (53)

Applied Optics