Plasmonic photothermal therapy in the near-IR region using gold nanostars

Mohanna Etemadi; Saeed Golmohammadi; Abolfazl Akbarzadeh; Seyed Hossein Rasta

doi:10.1364/AO.475090

Applied Optics
Vol. 62,
Issue 3,
pp. 764-773
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.475090

Plasmonic photothermal therapy in the near-IR region using gold nanostars

Mohanna Etemadi, Saeed Golmohammadi, Abolfazl Akbarzadeh, and Seyed Hossein Rasta

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Mohanna Etemadi, Saeed Golmohammadi, Abolfazl Akbarzadeh, and Seyed Hossein Rasta, "Plasmonic photothermal therapy in the near-IR region using gold nanostars," Appl. Opt. 62, 764-773 (2023)

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Abstract

Photothermal therapy using nanoparticles is a prominent technique for cancer treatment. The principle is to maximize the heat conversion efficiency using plasmonic nanoparticle–light interaction. Due to their unique optical characteristics derived from their anisotropic structure, gold nanostars (GNSs) have gotten significant attention in photothermal therapy. To design a proper cancer treatment, it is vital to study the thermal effect induced close to the gold nanoparticles, in the vicinity, and the cancerous tissue. A temperature-dependent 2D model based on finite element method models is commonly used to simulate near-IR tumor ablation. The bioheat equation describes the photothermal effect within the GNSs and the environment. Surface cooling and heating strategies, such as the periodical heating method and a reduced laser irradiation area, were investigated to address surface overheating problems. We also determined that the optimal laser radius depends on tumor aspect ratio and laser intensity. Our results provide guidelines to evaluate a safe and feasible temperature range, treatment time, optimal laser intensity, and laser radius to annihilate a tumor volume.

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Supplementary Material (1)

Name	Description
Code 1	Simulation file and thermal ablation model in cancer treatment using plasmonic gold nanoparticles.

Data availability

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are available in Code 1, Ref. [49].

49. M. Etemadi, S. Golmohammadi, A. Akbarzadeh, and S. H. Rasta, “Simulation model software,” figshare, 2023, https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21865581.

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Material	Absorption Coefficient $μ_{a} (c m^{- 1})$	Scattering Coefficient $μ_{s} (c m^{- 1})$
Tumor tissue	0.8 [32]	10 [32]
GNSs	14.9 [12]	1.52 [12]
Tumor tissue with GNSs	15.7	11.52

Parameter	Symbol	Breast Tissue	Breast Tumor	Blood
Thermal conductivity $({W m}^{- 1} k^{- 1})$	$k$	0.21 [38]	0.48 [39]	0.52 [38]
Specific heat ( $J / k g k)$	$c$	3000 [40]	3500 [40]	4200 [39]
Metabolic heat $(W / m^{3})$	$Q_{m}$	400 [39]	10936.5 [41]	–
Density $(k g / m^{3})$	$ρ$	920 [40]	1080 [40]	1060 [39]
Blood perfusion $(s^{- 1}$ )	$ω_{b}$	$2 \cdot 1 \times 10^{- 2}$ [42]	$4 \times 10^{- 3}$ [42]	–

Parameter	Symbol	Breast Tissue	Blood
Activation energy $(J / m o l e)$	$Δ E$	$6 \cdot 03 \times 10^{5}$ [33]	$4 \cdot 5 \times 10^{5}$ [44]
Frequency factor $(s^{- 1})$	$A$	$3 \cdot 1 \times 10^{98}$ [33]	$7 \cdot 6 \times 10^{66}$ [44]

Material	Absorption Coefficient $μ_{a} (c m^{- 1})$	Scattering Coefficient $μ_{s} (c m^{- 1})$
Tumor tissue	0.8 [32]	10 [32]
GNSs	14.9 [12]	1.52 [12]
Tumor tissue with GNSs	15.7	11.52

Parameter	Symbol	Breast Tissue	Breast Tumor	Blood
Thermal conductivity $({W m}^{- 1} k^{- 1})$	$k$	0.21 [38]	0.48 [39]	0.52 [38]
Specific heat ( $J / k g k)$	$c$	3000 [40]	3500 [40]	4200 [39]
Metabolic heat $(W / m^{3})$	$Q_{m}$	400 [39]	10936.5 [41]	–
Density $(k g / m^{3})$	$ρ$	920 [40]	1080 [40]	1060 [39]
Blood perfusion $(s^{- 1}$ )	$ω_{b}$	$2 \cdot 1 \times 10^{- 2}$ [42]	$4 \times 10^{- 3}$ [42]	–

Abstract

Supplementary Material (1)

Data availability

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Equations (12)

Applied Optics