Abstract

This paper proposes an optimized design of the Alvarez lens by utilizing a combination of three fifth-order ${X} \text{-} {Y}$ polynomials. It can effectively minimize the curvature of the lens surface to meet the manufacturing requirements. The phase modulation function and aberration of the proposed lens are evaluated by using first-order optical analysis. Simulations compare the proposed lens with the traditional Alvarez lens in terms of surface curvature, zoom capability, and imaging quality. The results demonstrate the exceptional performance of the proposed lens, achieving a remarkable 26.36% reduction in the maximum curvature of the Alvarez lens (with a coefficient $A$ value of $4 \times {10^{- 4}}$ and a diameter of 26 mm) while preserving its original zoom capability and imaging quality.

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