Gain equalization for a few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier supporting eight spatial modes

Jiao Gao; Fengping Yan; Guobin Ren; Hao Guo; Baoyuan Wang; Guangbo Li; Fuxi Zhu; HaoYu Tan; Ting Feng; Ting Feng

doi:10.1364/AO.495215

Applied Optics
Vol. 62,
Issue 35,
pp. 9274-9282
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.495215

Gain equalization for a few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier supporting eight spatial modes

Jiao Gao, Fengping Yan, Guobin Ren, Hao Guo, Baoyuan Wang, Guangbo Li, Fuxi Zhu, HaoYu Tan, and Ting Feng

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Jiao Gao, Fengping Yan, Guobin Ren, Hao Guo, Baoyuan Wang, Guangbo Li, Fuxi Zhu, HaoYu Tan, and Ting Feng, "Gain equalization for a few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier supporting eight spatial modes," Appl. Opt. 62, 9274-9282 (2023)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Lasers, Optical Amplifiers, and Laser Optics
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: May 10, 2023
- Revised Manuscript: October 23, 2023
- Manuscript Accepted: November 13, 2023
- Published: December 2, 2023

Abstract

A trench-assisted ring few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier (FM-EDFA) supporting eight spatial modes is designed and proposed in this work. The gain equalization for the FM-EDFA is achieved by selecting the appropriate doping radius and concentration using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm when only the pump in the fundamental mode (${{\rm LP}_{01}})$ is applied. When the signals in the eight spatial modes are simultaneously amplified, the average modal gain is about 20 dB, and the DMG is less than 0.3 dB for a signal at 1550 nm. Considering the gain competition of six wavelength signals, the modal gain and DMG are more than 20 and 1 dB, respectively. In addition, the tolerance analysis for manufacturing with this design is also discussed. For a fluctuation in the refractive index, the average modal gain is about 19.5 dB, and the DMG is 0.77 dB, indicating that the structure has good fabrication tolerance.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Structure	Value	Effective Refractive Index ( $n_{e f f}$ )	Mode Field	Effective Refractive Index ( $n_{e f f}$ )	Effective Mode Field Area ( $A_{e f f}$ )
Inner core radius	8 µm	1.449	LP₀₁	1.4492	$392.4 µ m^{2}$
Outer core radius	11 µm	1.453	LP₁₁	1.4485	$410.7 µ m^{2}$
Trench width	3 µm	1.435	LP₂₁	1.4474	$367.7 µ m^{2}$
Cladding radius	62.5 µm	1.444	LP₀₂	1.4461	$162.9 µ m^{2}$
—	—	—	LP₃₁	1.4457	$385.0 µ m^{2}$

Parameter	Value	Parameter	Value
$λ_{s}$	1550 nm	$L$	15 m
$λ_{p}$	1480 nm	$τ$	10 s
$σ_{es}$	$4.27 \times 10^{- 25} m^{2}$	$P_{P}^{+} (0)$	100 mW
$σ_{as}$	$3.86 \times 10^{- 25} m^{2}$	$P_{P}^{-} (0)$	0 mW
$σ_{ap}$	$3.63 \times 10^{- 25} m^{2}$	$P_{s} (0)$	0.1 mW

Structure	Value	Effective Refractive Index ( $n_{e f f}$ )	Mode Field	Effective Refractive Index ( $n_{e f f}$ )	Effective Mode Field Area ( $A_{e f f}$ )
Inner core radius	8 µm	1.449	LP₀₁	1.4492	$392.4 µ m^{2}$
Outer core radius	11 µm	1.453	LP₁₁	1.4485	$410.7 µ m^{2}$
Trench width	3 µm	1.435	LP₂₁	1.4474	$367.7 µ m^{2}$
Cladding radius	62.5 µm	1.444	LP₀₂	1.4461	$162.9 µ m^{2}$
—	—	—	LP₃₁	1.4457	$385.0 µ m^{2}$

Parameter	Value	Parameter	Value
$λ_{s}$	1550 nm	$L$	15 m
$λ_{p}$	1480 nm	$τ$	10 s
$σ_{es}$	$4.27 \times 10^{- 25} m^{2}$	$P_{P}^{+} (0)$	100 mW
$σ_{as}$	$3.86 \times 10^{- 25} m^{2}$	$P_{P}^{-} (0)$	0 mW
$σ_{ap}$	$3.63 \times 10^{- 25} m^{2}$	$P_{s} (0)$	0.1 mW

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Applied Optics