Impact of different receiver geometries on a reconfigurable intelligent surface assisted multi-cell VLC system in the presence of light path blockage

Deblina Sabui; Sourish Chatterjee; Gufran S. Khan

doi:10.1364/AO.516475

Applied Optics
Vol. 63,
Issue 10,
pp. 2404-2414
(2024)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.516475

Impact of different receiver geometries on a reconfigurable intelligent surface assisted multi-cell VLC system in the presence of light path blockage

Deblina Sabui, Sourish Chatterjee, and Gufran S. Khan

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Deblina Sabui, Sourish Chatterjee, and Gufran S. Khan, "Impact of different receiver geometries on a reconfigurable intelligent surface assisted multi-cell VLC system in the presence of light path blockage," Appl. Opt. 63, 2404-2414 (2024)

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Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics, Fiber Sensors, and Optical Communications
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: December 21, 2023
- Revised Manuscript: February 27, 2024
- Manuscript Accepted: February 28, 2024
- Published: March 21, 2024

Abstract

We report the effect of integrating metasurface-aided reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) on the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and data rate of a multi-cell visible light communication (VLC) system. RIS has been deployed in the channel between transmitter and receiver to redirect the reflected light in the desired directions, even in the absence of line-of-sight (LoS) links. Results show that the introduction of RIS has improved average SINR but reduced average illumination level compared to a no-RIS system. As the quantity of RIS increases, a discernible improvement in the maximum SINR value is observed. Here, three different receiver geometries, namely, a photodiode (PD), freeform diversity receiver (FDR), and modified FDR (MFDR), have been adopted. The impact of individual receivers has been reported in the presence of light path blockage. MFDR geometry is found to be most suitable with more coverage probability compared to the other two receivers. With $(40\;{\rm cm} \times 24\;{\rm cm})$ RIS area, during blockage, MFDR maintains an average SINR of 21.95 dB, which is 97.29% and 14.24% greater than PD and FDR, respectively.

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Acronym	Description
AP	Access point
ADR	Angle diversity receiver
CF	Communication floor
CDF	Cumulative distribution function
FDR	Freeform diversity receiver
FOV	Field-of-view
HPBW	Half power beam width
ICI	Inter-cell interference
LoS	Line of sight
LED	Light-emitting diode
MFDR	Modified freeform diversity receiver
NLoS	Non-line of sight
PD	Photodiode
RIS	Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces
SINR	Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio
VLC	Visible light communication

Symbols	Description
$d_{r}^{q}$	Distance between two arbitrary positions $q = [q_{x} q_{y} q_{z}] & r = [r = r_{x} r_{y} r_{z}]$
$θ_{r}^{q}$	Angle between ${\hat{n}}_{A P}$ and $d_{r}^{q}$
$ϕ_{r}^{q}$	Angle between projection of $d_{r}^{q}$ in the $x - z$ plane and positive $z$ -axis
$ϕ_{n, r}^{q}$	Angle between projection of $d_{r}^{q}$ in the $x - z$ plane and negative $z$ -axis
$φ_{r}^{q}$	Angle between ${\hat{n}}_{U E}$ and $d_{r}^{q}$
$ϑ_{q, r}^{R I S}$	Angle between ${\hat{n}}_{R I S}$ and $d_{r}^{q}$
$ϑ_{q, r}^{w a l l}$	Angle between ${\hat{n}}_{w a l l}$ and $d_{r}^{q}$

*RoomSpecification*
Room dimensions	$(5 m \times 5 m \times 3 m)$
Wall reflection coefficient $(ρ_{w a l l})$	0.7
Communication floor (CF) height (from room floor)	0.8 m
*AP Specification*
Position	$\pm 1.25 \pm 1.25$
HPBW	95°
Lumen package of single AP	2880
Wattage of each AP ( $P_{e l e c}$ ) watt	26.55
*Receiver Specification*
PD half angle FOV, ( $Ψ_{P D}$ )	40°–90°
FDR (quadrilateral) FOV, $(Ψ_{L} \times Ψ_{W})$ ,	${29.3}^{\circ} \times {29.3}^{\circ}$ off-axis,
MFDR (center lens) FOV, ( $Ψ_{S y m m e t r y}$ )	10°–90°
Detector area, $(A_{d e t})$	$1 {c m}^{2}$
Modulation bandwidth ( $B$ )	40 MHz
Optical to electrical conversion efficiency, $(γ)$	0.53 A/W
Noise power spectral density ( ${n o i s e}_{P S D}$ ),	$10^{- 21} A^{2} / H z$
*RIS Specification*
RIS type	Metasurface
Physical dimension, $(A_{m, n}^{ℜ})$	$(4 c m \times 4 c m)$
RIS reflection coefficient $(ρ_{ℜ})$	0.85

	With LOS Link		During Blocking
Receiver Configurations	Avg SINR (dB)	Data Rate (Mbps)	Avg SINR (dB)	Data Rate (Mbps)
${P D}_{40}$	37.16	222.72	11.10	54.33
FDR	117.7	757.80	19.17	103.98
${M F D R}_{40}$	123.1	793.68	21.95	122.07

Receiver Configuration	Parameter	Single Wall ( $30 \times 9$ )	Two Opposite Walls RIS ( $15 \times 9$ )
${P D}_{40}$	Average SINR(dB)	10.46	10.82
	Maximum SINR (dB)	39.19	23.1
	Data rate (Mbps)	50.76	52.76
MFDR	Average SINR(dB)	22.25	24.8
	Maximum SINR (dB)	69.09	61.2
	Data rate (Mbps)	124.04	140.81

Abstract

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Applied Optics