Sama Badr Aljohani, Ibrahim A. Alshunaifi, Naif B. Alqahtani, and Bader A. Alfarraj, "Comparison of a two-wavelength pyrometer system and spectral pyrometry for high-temperature measurements," Appl. Opt. 63, 3648-3657 (2024)
A pyrometer system is an optically passive, non-intrusive method that uses thermal radiation law to determine temperature. It combines electronic and optical instruments to detect low-level signals of radiation measurements. Surface high-temperature measurements are successfully obtained using a two-wavelength pyrometer system. This study used a pyrometer system to achieve high stability, minimize errors due to changing emissivity, and remove background noise from the radiation measurement for surface high-temperature measurements. Temperature measurements were also obtained from Planck’s model, and the results were compared with logarithmic assumption. The precision of these measurements is improved through variable optimization of the instruments, validation of the data, and calibration of the pyrometer system. The 16 temperature measurements were obtained (800–1600°C temperature measurement range) with a correlation coefficient above 97%. The response time between temperature readings is within 785 µs. Furthermore, the high-temperature measurements were obtained with higher stability (${\pm}{2.99}^\circ {\rm C}$ at 1600°C) and less error (less than 2.29% for Si sensor). In addition, the error of the temperature measurement was reduced from 5.33% to 0.86% at 850°C by using Planck’s model compared with using logarithmic assumption. A cooling system temperature is also optimized to reduce the error temperature reading. It was found to be at 10°C that the uncertainty was reduced from 2.29% at ambient temperature to 1.53% at 1600°C. The spectral pyrometry system was also used in comparison with the two-wavelength pyrometer system to confirm that the calibration curves of the spectral pyrometry can be used to determine temperature measurements.
M. Ya. Grishin, P. A. Sdvizhenskii, R. D. Asyutin, R. S. Tretyakov, A. Ya. Stavertiy, S. M. Pershin, D. S. Liu, and V. N. Lednev Appl. Opt. 62(2) 335-341 (2023)
Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.
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Measuring temperature above 773 K using a gold-plated reflector. They determined that a gold-plated reflector reduced the error of the temperature measurement.
Measuring temperatures between 600°C and 2800°C in laser-based heating of metal processes. The main limitation of a two-color pyrometer using CMOS sensors is that it requires expert analysis of images (e.g., image processing).
True and Measured Temperature Readings with the Average of the Temperature Measurement Accuracy from the InGaAs and Si Detectors and Si/InGaAs Ratio Using the Pyrometer System
Measured Temperature Readings
Measured Temperature Readings
Measured Temperature Readings
True temperature (°C)
(accuracy%) from InGaAs Detector
(accuracy%) from Si Detector
(accuracy%) from Si/InGaAs Ratio
1600 Using logarithmic
1600 Using Planck’s model
850 Using logarithmic
()
850 Using Planck’s model
()
Table 7.
Cooling System Temperature and Measured Temperature Errors of Both Sensors
Cooling System Temperature (°C)
Error for InGaAs Measurement (%)
Error for Si Measurement (%)
5
9.51
3.12
10
8.03
1.53
15
8.10
2.29
20
9.71
2.72
25
9.87
3.23
Table 8.
InGaAs Sensor, Si Sensor, and Pulse Generator Settings
Lock-In Amplifier for S1
Lock-In Amplifier for S2
TGP110 10 MHz Pulse Generator
Switch
Setting
Switch
Setting
Switch
Coarse
Fine
Time constant
4
Time constant
4
Period
500 ms
8
Sensitivity
5
Sensitivity
5
Pulse width
500 ms
1
Phase coarse
0
Phase coarse
0
Pulse delay
0
Phase fine
0
Phase fine
0
Amplitude
7
Gain for InGaAs sensor
50
Gain for Si sensor
20
Frequency
1.273 kHz
Table 9.
Data Collection Using the Pyrometer System at 880°C–1074°C for the Flamethrower Burner Butane Tip
(°C)
S1 (Volt)
S2 (Volt)
1074
2.62
2.82
1058
2.39
2.45
1045
2.27
2.34
1027
2.05
2.17
1015
2.08
2.42
936
1.43
0.76
880
1.12
0.54
Tables (9)
Table 1.
Comparison between Conduction and Radiation Measurement Techniques
Technique
Advantages
Disadvantages
Example
Conduction measurements
No calibration required
Easy to use
Temperature ranges up to 1600°C
Approximately one year lifetime depending on the environment
Should clean probe occasionally to avoid measurement errors
Impact on the behavior of the fluid
Relatively long response time
One-point measurement only
Thermocouples
Radiation measurements
Temperature ranges up to 3000°C depending on the calibration
Long-term lifetime
Non-intrusive method
Can measure in any environment
Fast response time
One-point and field measurements
Relatively complex calibration of some systems
Known emissivity required for some systems
Pyrometer Infrared camera
Table 2.
Some Kinds of Pyrometry System with Their Applications and Limitations in the Literature
Kind of Pyrometry System
Description
Reference
Fiber-optic two-color pyrometer system
Measuring temperature range from 300°C to 650°C with temperature errors at approximately 4%.
Measuring temperature above 773 K using a gold-plated reflector. They determined that a gold-plated reflector reduced the error of the temperature measurement.
Measuring temperatures between 600°C and 2800°C in laser-based heating of metal processes. The main limitation of a two-color pyrometer using CMOS sensors is that it requires expert analysis of images (e.g., image processing).
True and Measured Temperature Readings with the Average of the Temperature Measurement Accuracy from the InGaAs and Si Detectors and Si/InGaAs Ratio Using the Pyrometer System
Measured Temperature Readings
Measured Temperature Readings
Measured Temperature Readings
True temperature (°C)
(accuracy%) from InGaAs Detector
(accuracy%) from Si Detector
(accuracy%) from Si/InGaAs Ratio
1600 Using logarithmic
1600 Using Planck’s model
850 Using logarithmic
()
850 Using Planck’s model
()
Table 7.
Cooling System Temperature and Measured Temperature Errors of Both Sensors
Cooling System Temperature (°C)
Error for InGaAs Measurement (%)
Error for Si Measurement (%)
5
9.51
3.12
10
8.03
1.53
15
8.10
2.29
20
9.71
2.72
25
9.87
3.23
Table 8.
InGaAs Sensor, Si Sensor, and Pulse Generator Settings
Lock-In Amplifier for S1
Lock-In Amplifier for S2
TGP110 10 MHz Pulse Generator
Switch
Setting
Switch
Setting
Switch
Coarse
Fine
Time constant
4
Time constant
4
Period
500 ms
8
Sensitivity
5
Sensitivity
5
Pulse width
500 ms
1
Phase coarse
0
Phase coarse
0
Pulse delay
0
Phase fine
0
Phase fine
0
Amplitude
7
Gain for InGaAs sensor
50
Gain for Si sensor
20
Frequency
1.273 kHz
Table 9.
Data Collection Using the Pyrometer System at 880°C–1074°C for the Flamethrower Burner Butane Tip