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Tunable extraordinary optical transmission spectrum properties of long-wavelength infrared metamaterials

Peng Sun, Hongxing Cai, Yu Ren, Jianwei Zhou, Dongliang Li, Tingting Wang, Teng Li, and Guannan Qu

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

Metamaterial filters represent an essential method for researching the miniaturization of infrared spectral detectors. To realize an 8–2 µm long-wave infrared tunable transmission spectral structure, an extraordinary optical transmission metamaterial model was designed based on the grating diffraction effect and surface plasmon polariton resonance theory. The model consisted of an Al grating array in the upper layer and a Ge substrate in the lower layer. We numerically simulated the effects of different structural parameters on the transmission spectra, such as grating height (h), grating width (w), grating distance (d), grating constant (p), and grating length (${{\rm S}_1}$), by utilizing the finite-difference time-domain method. Finally, we obtained the maximum transmittance of 81.52% in the 8–12 µm band range, with the corresponding structural parameters set to ${\rm h} = {50}\;{\rm nm}$, ${\rm w} = {300}\;{\rm nm}$, ${\rm d} = {300}\;{\rm nm}$, and ${{\rm S}_1} = {48}\;\unicode{x00B5}{\rm m}$, respectively. After Lorentz fitting, a full width at half maximum of ${0.94}\;{\pm}\;{0.01}\;{\unicode{x00B5}{\rm m}}$ was achieved. In addition, the Ge substrate influence was taken into account for analyzing the model’s extraordinary optical transmission performance. In particular, we first realized the continuous tuning performance at the transmission center wavelength (8–12 µm) of long-wave infrared within the substrate tuning thickness (D) range of 1.9–2.9 µm. The structure designed in this paper features tunability, broad spectral bandwidth, and miniaturization, which will provide a reference for the development of miniaturized long-wave infrared spectral filter devices.

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Data availability

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Figures (8)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. (a) Schematic diagram showing sub-wavelength grating diffraction phenomenon. (b) In the LWIR band, the electric field distribution of the sub-wavelength grating model unit.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Relationship between evanescent wave transmission wavelength and evanescent wave transmission energy variation.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Grating array structure model: (a) three-dimensional and (b) plane diagram.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Simulated transmittance spectra under different grating structure parameters: (a) height, (b) width, (c) grating constant, and (d) grating distance in the LWIR band.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. When the grating length (array area) is changed in the LWIR band, the transmittance change map of the model is changed.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Tuning of transmission peak in LWIR band.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Tuned substrate thickness 1.9–2.9 µm; transmission peak position change relationship.

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. (a) Electric field intensity distribution at 8 µm for a 1.9 µm substrate thickness. (b) The electric field intensity distribution of 2.9 µm substrate thickness at 11.9 µm band is shown.

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Equations (9)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

n T M = ( n 1 + i k ) 2 ( n 2 + i k 2 ) 2 f ( n 2 + i k 2 ) 2 + ( 1 − f ) ( n 1 + i k ) 2 ,
k S P P = k 0 sin ⁡ θ ± m 2 π p ,
δ S p p = 1 2 k s p p ′ ′ = λ 0 ( ε m ′ ) 2 2 π ε m ′ ′ ε d + ε m ′ ε d ε m ′ ,
δ d = 1 k 0 | ε m ′ + ε d ε d 2 | ,
δ m = 1 k 0 | ε m ′ + ε d ε m ′ 2 | ,
E ( z , t ) = A 0 cos ⁡ ( k z − w t ) .
I = ρ h γ ,
δ d → d ⇒ A 0 → 1 e A 0 ⇒ I n → I e 2 n ⇒ γ 0 → γ .
Δ λ = λ 2 λ 1 2 n h cos ⁡ i ≈ λ 2 2 n h .
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