A General Discussion of Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere

H. W. Yates

doi:10.1364/AO.9.001971

Applied Optics
Vol. 9,
Issue 9,
pp. 1971-1975
(1970)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.9.001971

A General Discussion of Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere

H. W. Yates

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H. W. Yates, "A General Discussion of Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere," Appl. Opt. 9, 1971-1975 (1970)

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Abstract

The current remote sensing activities for atmospheric studies are discussed with particular emphasis on earth orbiting satellites and the direction of research trends.

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Experiment	Spectral bands (μ)	Main purpose
Temperature humidity infrared radiometer (thir)	10.5–12.5	Daytime and nighttime surface and cloud top temperatures and cloud mapping
	6.5–7.0	Atmospheric water vapor mapping
Infrared interferometer spectrometer (iris)	8–20	Atmospheric temperature profile, O₃, water vapor surface temperature and minor atmospheric gases
Satellite infrared spectrometer (sirs)	11	Surface and cloud top temperatures
	13–15	Atmospheric temperature profile
	19–36	Atmospheric humidity profile
Monitor of ultraviolet solar energy (muse)	0.12	Monitors changes in solar radiation
	0.16
	0.18
	0.21
	0.26
Selective chopper radiometer (scr)	13–15	Atmospheric temperature profile
Filter wedge spectrometer (fws)	1.2–2.4	Atmospheric water vapor
	3.2–6.4
Backscatter ultraviolet spectrometer (buv)	0.25–0.34	Atmospheric ozone distribution
Image dissector camera system (idcs)	0.45–0.65	Daytime cloud mapping
Interrogation, recording, location system (irls)	—	Data collection from platforms

Experiment	Spectral region	Main purpose
Selective chopper radiometer (scr)	14 channels (tentative) in the 4-μ, 6-μ, and 11–25-μ regions. 1.5 cm⁻¹ resolution in several channels.	Temperature sounding to 30 km. Water vapor profile.
Infrared temperature profile radiometer (itpr)	7 channels, one at 3.7 μ, 0.5 μ wide, one at 11.1 μ, 0.1 μ wide, 3 between 13 μ and 15 μ, 0.4 μ wide, one at 20 μ, 4 μ wide. 1.5° field-of-view step scans ±35°.	Temperature profiles in the presence of partial cloud cover. Water vapor profile.
Nimbus E microwave spectrometer (nems)	5 channels, 100-mHz bandwidth, 3 between 57 and 60 GHz (O₂ band) and 2 at 23 and 32 GHz in the H₂O band.	Temperature and water vapor profiles of the atmosphere including over-cast conditions.
Electronically scanning microwave radiometer (esmr)	19.35 GHz, 1.4° beam width, ±50° scan.	Earth mapping in microwave region.
Surface composition mapping radiometer (scmr)	2 channels, 7–8 μ and 10–11 μ, 0.6–mrad resolution scanning ±50° for contiguous coverage.	Identification of surface mineral composition from spectral emissivity
Temperature and humidity infrared radiometer (thir)	Similar to Nimbus IV instrument. 2 channels, one at 6 μ with 7-mrad field of view, one at 11 μ with 21-μ field of view.	Daytime and nighttime surface and cloud top temperature and cloud mapping.

Experiment	Spectral bands (μ)	Main purpose
Temperature humidity infrared radiometer (thir)	10.5–12.5	Daytime and nighttime surface and cloud top temperatures and cloud mapping
	6.5–7.0	Atmospheric water vapor mapping
Infrared interferometer spectrometer (iris)	8–20	Atmospheric temperature profile, O₃, water vapor surface temperature and minor atmospheric gases
Satellite infrared spectrometer (sirs)	11	Surface and cloud top temperatures
	13–15	Atmospheric temperature profile
	19–36	Atmospheric humidity profile
Monitor of ultraviolet solar energy (muse)	0.12	Monitors changes in solar radiation
	0.16
	0.18
	0.21
	0.26
Selective chopper radiometer (scr)	13–15	Atmospheric temperature profile
Filter wedge spectrometer (fws)	1.2–2.4	Atmospheric water vapor
	3.2–6.4
Backscatter ultraviolet spectrometer (buv)	0.25–0.34	Atmospheric ozone distribution
Image dissector camera system (idcs)	0.45–0.65	Daytime cloud mapping
Interrogation, recording, location system (irls)	—	Data collection from platforms

Experiment	Spectral region	Main purpose
Selective chopper radiometer (scr)	14 channels (tentative) in the 4-μ, 6-μ, and 11–25-μ regions. 1.5 cm⁻¹ resolution in several channels.	Temperature sounding to 30 km. Water vapor profile.
Infrared temperature profile radiometer (itpr)	7 channels, one at 3.7 μ, 0.5 μ wide, one at 11.1 μ, 0.1 μ wide, 3 between 13 μ and 15 μ, 0.4 μ wide, one at 20 μ, 4 μ wide. 1.5° field-of-view step scans ±35°.	Temperature profiles in the presence of partial cloud cover. Water vapor profile.
Nimbus E microwave spectrometer (nems)	5 channels, 100-mHz bandwidth, 3 between 57 and 60 GHz (O₂ band) and 2 at 23 and 32 GHz in the H₂O band.	Temperature and water vapor profiles of the atmosphere including over-cast conditions.
Electronically scanning microwave radiometer (esmr)	19.35 GHz, 1.4° beam width, ±50° scan.	Earth mapping in microwave region.
Surface composition mapping radiometer (scmr)	2 channels, 7–8 μ and 10–11 μ, 0.6–mrad resolution scanning ±50° for contiguous coverage.	Identification of surface mineral composition from spectral emissivity
Temperature and humidity infrared radiometer (thir)	Similar to Nimbus IV instrument. 2 channels, one at 6 μ with 7-mrad field of view, one at 11 μ with 21-μ field of view.	Daytime and nighttime surface and cloud top temperature and cloud mapping.

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