Symmetrical indoor visible light layout optimized by a modified grey wolf algorithm

Yihang Zuo; Bojun Liu; Kunming Shao

doi:10.1364/AO.458919

Applied Optics
Vol. 61,
Issue 20,
pp. 6016-6022
(2022)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.458919

Symmetrical indoor visible light layout optimized by a modified grey wolf algorithm

Yihang Zuo, Bojun Liu, and Kunming Shao

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Yihang Zuo, Bojun Liu, and Kunming Shao, "Symmetrical indoor visible light layout optimized by a modified grey wolf algorithm," Appl. Opt. 61, 6016-6022 (2022)

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- Fiber Optics, Fiber Sensors, and Optical Communications
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: March 28, 2022
- Revised Manuscript: June 23, 2022
- Manuscript Accepted: June 26, 2022
- Published: July 7, 2022

Abstract

The indoor visible light communication system’s LED layout and power factor affect the uniformity of the received power. To reduce the mean square error (MSE) of received power, a symmetrical optimization strategy based on the modified grey wolf optimization algorithm (mGWO) is proposed and applied in the square, rectangular, and circular rooms with different numbers of LED arrays. The received power uniformity, SNR uniformity, bit error rate, and channel capacity of the optimized layout with the proposed method are improved compared to the classical layout. The comparison results show that the mGWO can find the optimal layout efficiently.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Symbol	Parameters	Values
$L * W * H$	Room size	$5 \times 5 \times 3 m$
H	Height of communication plane	0.85 m
$P_{t}$	Transmitted power of a lamp	452 mW
$ϕ_{1 / 2}$	Semi-angle at half-power	80 deg
	Number of LED in each array	$7 \times 7$
$T_{s} (ϕ)$	Gain of optical filter	1.0
$ϕ_{c}$	Field of view (FOV)	55 deg
A	Physical area of the detector O/E	$1.0 {c m}^{2}$
$ρ$	Conversion efficiency of a PD	0.53 A/W
N	Refractive index of lens at a PD	1.5
I(0)	Luminous intensity of a LED	23.81 cd

Layout	$\bar{P}$ (dBm)	MSE (dBm)	Cov	$B^{'}$	C (bits/s/Hz)
S	−4.46	0.93	70.0%	37.96	5.64
L	−5.63	0.49	9.76%	36.26	5.57
P	−2.70	0.93	97.6%	40.51	5.73
L $+$ P	−4.05	0.44	98.24%	38.56	5.66

Layout	$\bar{P}$ (dBm)	MSE (dBm)	Cov	$B^{'}$	C (bits/s/Hz)
R	1.66	1.26	57.6%	46.71	5.94
L	−0.53	0.14	100%	43.63	5.84
P	0.34	1.01	100%	44.86	5.89
C [11]	−1.06	0.29	100%	42.87	5.82
L $+$ P	−0.87	0.09	100%	43.13	5.83

	$\bar{P}$ (dBm)	MSE (dBm)	Cov	$B^{'}$	C (bits/s/Hz)
8 lamps	−1.98	0.85	2%	37.88	5.63
9 lamps	−0.64	0.41	48%	41.5	5.77
16 lamps	3.34	0.76	22.72%	49.04	6.01
17 lamps	1.57	0.07	100%	46.60	5.94

	$\bar{P}$ (dBm)	MSE (dBm)	Cov	$B^{'}$	C (bits/s/Hz)
5 lamps	−6.31	0.50	100%	35.25	5.52
9 lamps	−4.19	0.40	100%	38.36	5.65
13 lamps	−2.94	0.15	100%	40.16	5.72
17 lamps	−2.75	0.22	100%	40.44	5.73

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Applied Optics