Aircraft visibility in view from below in the long-wave infrared band using infrared cross section

Shripad P. Mahulikar; Pallavi Rastogi; Ashish Bhatt; Shubendu P. Valodi

doi:10.1364/AO.459926

Applied Optics
Vol. 61,
Issue 16,
pp. 4784-4795
(2022)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.459926

Aircraft visibility in view from below in the long-wave infrared band using infrared cross section

Shripad P. Mahulikar, Pallavi Rastogi, Ashish Bhatt, and Shubendu P. Valodi

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Shripad P. Mahulikar, Pallavi Rastogi, Ashish Bhatt, and Shubendu P. Valodi, "Aircraft visibility in view from below in the long-wave infrared band using infrared cross section," Appl. Opt. 61, 4784-4795 (2022)

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Table of Contents Category
- Imaging Systems, Image Processing, and Displays
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: March 31, 2022
- Revised Manuscript: April 18, 2022
- Manuscript Accepted: April 18, 2022
- Published: May 23, 2022

Abstract

Aircraft low observables’ features are crucial in the long-wave infrared (LW-IR) band, due to imaging sensors used in IR search and track and in the latest generation of IR-guided missiles. Earthshine irradiance on the aircraft bottom surface is an important source; hence, it is derived using data for atmospheric transmission. Emission due to skin-friction heating (important at high ${\varepsilon _{\rm{bot}}}$) and earthshine reflection (important at low ${\varepsilon _{\rm{bot}}}$) are compared by a dimensionless ratio for different bottom surface emissivities (${\varepsilon _{\rm{bot}}}$). The infrared cross section of aircraft in direct view from below is obtained in the LW-IR band, which shows that aircraft is seen also due to negative contrast.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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$h$ (km)	$τ_{v e r t, 0 - h, j}$ (data)	$τ_{v e r t, 0 - h}$ (from fit)
0	1	1
0.28571	0.9	0.94286
0.52381	0.8	0.89729
0.857143	0.7	0.836623
1.285714	0.6	0.769888
2	0.5	0.656347
4	0.4	0.444155
6	0.363424	0.363424

$h$ (km)	$- Π_{I R C S - b g}$	$Π_{I R C S} (ε_{b o t} = 0)$
0.033	$- 3.1309 \times 1 0^{7}$	0.000
0.1	$- 3.1069 \times 1 0^{7}$	$- 0.479 \times 1 0^{6}$
0.5	$- 2.9656 \times 1 0^{7}$	$- 3.310 \times 1 0^{6}$
1.0	$- 2.7947 \times 1 0^{7}$	$- 5.852 \times 1 0^{6}$
2.0	$- 2.4720 \times 1 0^{7}$	$- 8.853 \times 1 0^{6}$
3.0	$- 2.1743 \times 1 0^{7}$	$- 10.025 \times 1 0^{6}$
3.537	$- 2.0245 \times 1 0^{7}$	$- 10.11 \times 1 0^{6}$
4.0	$- 1.9009 \times 1 0^{7}$	$- 9.968 \times 1 0^{6}$
5.0	$- 1.6511 \times 1 0^{7}$	$- 9.021 \times 1 0^{6}$
6.0	$- 1.4241 \times 1 0^{7}$	$- 7.372 \times 1 0^{6}$
8.0	$- 1.0351 \times 1 0^{7}$	$- 3.864 \times 1 0^{6}$
10.0	$- 0.7262 \times 1 0^{7}$	$- 1.148 \times 1 0^{6}$
12.0	$- 0.7262 \times 1 0^{7}$	$- 1.512 \times 1 0^{6}$
14.0	$- 0.7262 \times 1 0^{7}$	$- 1.869 \times 1 0^{6}$

$h$ (km)	$τ_{v e r t, 0 - h, j}$ (data)	$τ_{v e r t, 0 - h}$ (from fit)
0	1	1
0.28571	0.9	0.94286
0.52381	0.8	0.89729
0.857143	0.7	0.836623
1.285714	0.6	0.769888
2	0.5	0.656347
4	0.4	0.444155
6	0.363424	0.363424

$h$ (km)	$- Π_{I R C S - b g}$	$Π_{I R C S} (ε_{b o t} = 0)$
0.033	$- 3.1309 \times 1 0^{7}$	0.000
0.1	$- 3.1069 \times 1 0^{7}$	$- 0.479 \times 1 0^{6}$
0.5	$- 2.9656 \times 1 0^{7}$	$- 3.310 \times 1 0^{6}$
1.0	$- 2.7947 \times 1 0^{7}$	$- 5.852 \times 1 0^{6}$
2.0	$- 2.4720 \times 1 0^{7}$	$- 8.853 \times 1 0^{6}$
3.0	$- 2.1743 \times 1 0^{7}$	$- 10.025 \times 1 0^{6}$
3.537	$- 2.0245 \times 1 0^{7}$	$- 10.11 \times 1 0^{6}$
4.0	$- 1.9009 \times 1 0^{7}$	$- 9.968 \times 1 0^{6}$
5.0	$- 1.6511 \times 1 0^{7}$	$- 9.021 \times 1 0^{6}$
6.0	$- 1.4241 \times 1 0^{7}$	$- 7.372 \times 1 0^{6}$
8.0	$- 1.0351 \times 1 0^{7}$	$- 3.864 \times 1 0^{6}$
10.0	$- 0.7262 \times 1 0^{7}$	$- 1.148 \times 1 0^{6}$
12.0	$- 0.7262 \times 1 0^{7}$	$- 1.512 \times 1 0^{6}$
14.0	$- 0.7262 \times 1 0^{7}$	$- 1.869 \times 1 0^{6}$

Abstract

Data availability

Cited By

Figures (4)

Tables (2)

Equations (64)

Applied Optics