Abstract

Using acupuncture to treat cerebral hypoperfusion is a hot topic. However, there is a lack of effective tools to clarify the therapeutic effect of acupuncture on cerebral hypoperfusion. Here, we show in a mouse model of cerebral hypoperfusion that photoacoustic tomography (PAT) can noninvasively image cerebral vasculature and track total hemoglobin (HbT) concentration changes in cerebral hypoperfusion with acupuncture stimulation on the YangLingQuan (GB34) point. We measured the changes of HbT concentration and found that the HbT concentration in hypoperfusion regions was clearly lower than that in the control regions when the acupuncture was absent; however, it was significantly increased when the acupuncture was implemented on the GB34 point. We also observed the increase of vessel size and the generation of new vessels in cerebral hypoperfusion during acupuncture. Laser speckle imaging (LSI) was employed to validate some of the PAT findings.

© 2015 Optical Society of America

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  1. X. L. He, Y. H. Wang, M. G. Bi, and G. H. Du, “Chrysin improves cognitive deficits and brain damage induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats,” Eur. J. Pharmacol. 680(1-3), 41–48 (2012).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  2. B. Liu, Q. F. Meng, Y. S. Yie, D. J. Zhou, S. G. Dong, X. Liu, and C. X. Sang, “CT perfusion imaging and pathology in experimental cerebral hypoperfusion model treated by electroacupuncture,” J. Practical Radiol. 23, 963–965 (2007).
  3. C. M. Chuang, C. L. Hsieh, T. C. Li, and J. G. Lin, “Acupuncture stimulation at Baihui acupoint reduced cerebral infarct and increased dopamine levels in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and ischemia-reperfusion injured Sprague-Dawley rats,” Am. J. Chin. Med. 35(5), 779–791 (2007).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  4. Y. F. Qian, X. N. Fan, Y. J. Li, Y. N. Zhang, Y. Y. Wei, X. Zhang, H. Q. Wu, S. Wang, and X. M. Shi, “Effects of acupuncture at different acupoints on cerebral blood flow in cerebral ischemia model rats,” Zhongguo Zhenjiu 29(3), 213–216 (2009).
    [PubMed]
  5. H. Xu, H. Sun, S. H. Chen, Y. M. Zhang, Y. L. Piao, and Y. Gao, “Effects of acupuncture at Baihui (DU20) and Zusanli (ST36) on the expression of heat shock protein 70 and tumor necrosis factor α in the peripheral serum of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion-injured rats,” Chin. J. Integr. Med. 20(5), 369–374 (2014).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  6. C. Z. Liu, Z. G. Li, D. J. Wang, G. X. Shi, L. Y. Liu, Q. Q. Li, and C. Li, “Effect of acupuncture on hippocampal Ref-1 expression in cerebral multi-infarction rats,” Neurol. Sci. 34(3), 305–312 (2013).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  9. M. H. Jang, M. C. Shin, T. H. Lee, B. V. Lim, M. S. Shin, B. I. Min, H. Kim, S. Cho, E. H. Kim, and C. J. Kim, “Acupuncture suppresses ischemia-induced increase in c-Fos expression and apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region in gerbils,” Neurosci. Lett. 347(1), 5–8 (2003).
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  12. J. C. Hsieh, C. H. Tu, F. P. Chen, M. C. Chen, T. C. Yeh, H. C. Cheng, Y. T. Wu, R. S. Liu, and L. T. Ho, “Activation of the hypothalamus characterises the acupuncture stimulation at the analgesic point in the human: a PET Study,” Neurosci. Lett. 307(2), 105–108 (2001).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  14. M. L. Liu, L. Lan, F. Zeng, X. Z. Li, X. G. Liu, and F. R. Liang, “Quality control of the research on mechanisms of acupuncture therapy by using PET-CT imaging techniques,” Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 35(1), 67–70 (2010).
    [PubMed]
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  16. W. Qin, J. Tian, L. Bai, X. Pan, L. Yang, P. Chen, J. Dai, L. Ai, B. Zhao, Q. Gong, W. Wang, K. M. von Deneen, and Y. Liu, “FMRI connectivity analysis of acupuncture effects on an amygdala-associated brain network,” Mol. Pain 4(1), 55 (2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  17. I. Quah-Smith, P. S. Sachdev, W. Wen, X. Chen, and M. A. Williams, “The brain effects of laser acupuncture in healthy individuals: An FMRI investigation,” PLoS One 5(9), e12619 (2010).
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  20. L. Yao, L. Xi, and H. Jiang, “Photoacoustic computed microscopy,” Sci. Rep. 4, 4960 (2014).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  21. L. Xiang, L. Ji, T. Zhang, B. Wang, J. Yang, Q. Zhang, M. S. Jiang, J. Zhou, P. R. Carney, and H. Jiang, “Noninvasive real time tomographic imaging of epileptic foci and networks,” Neuroimage 66, 240–248 (2013).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  22. Q. Zhang, Z. Liu, P. R. Carney, Z. Yuan, H. Chen, S. N. Roper, and H. Jiang, “Non-invasive imaging of epileptic seizures in vivo using photoacoustic tomography,” Phys. Med. Biol. 53(7), 1921–1931 (2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  23. J. Yao, L. Wang, J. M. Yang, K. I. Maslov, T. T. W. Wong, L. Li, C. H. Huang, J. Zou, and L. V. Wang, “High-speed label-free functional photoacoustic microscopy of mouse brain in action,” Nat. Methods 12(5), 407–410 (2015).
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  24. E. Guevara, R. Berti, I. Londono, N. Xie, P. Bellec, F. Lesage, and G. A. Lodygensky, “Imaging of an inflammatory injury in the newborn rat brain with photoacoustic tomography,” PLoS One 8(12), e83045 (2013).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  25. B. Wang, L. Xiang, M. S. Jiang, J. Yang, Q. Zhang, P. R. Carney, and H. Jiang, “Photoacoustic tomography system for noninvasive real-time three-dimensional imaging of epilepsy,” Biomed. Opt. Express 3(6), 1427–1432 (2012).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  26. T. Li, X. Xu, B. Chen, J. Rong, and H. Jiang, “Photoacoustic imaging of acupuncture effect in small animals,” Biomed. Opt. Express 6(2), 433–442 (2015).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  27. Y. Fujii, “Clinical Management of Postoperative Vomiting After Strabismus Surgery in Children,” Curr. Drug Saf. 5(2), 132–148 (2010).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  28. N. Tanahashi, J. Shikami, M. Yoneda, and T. Ishida, “Effects of Manual Acupuncture at GB34 on Carbon tetrachloride-induced Acute Liver Injury in Rats,” J. Acupunct. Meridian Stud. 4(4), 214–219 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]

2015 (2)

J. Yao, L. Wang, J. M. Yang, K. I. Maslov, T. T. W. Wong, L. Li, C. H. Huang, J. Zou, and L. V. Wang, “High-speed label-free functional photoacoustic microscopy of mouse brain in action,” Nat. Methods 12(5), 407–410 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Li, X. Xu, B. Chen, J. Rong, and H. Jiang, “Photoacoustic imaging of acupuncture effect in small animals,” Biomed. Opt. Express 6(2), 433–442 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2014 (3)

H. Xu, H. Sun, S. H. Chen, Y. M. Zhang, Y. L. Piao, and Y. Gao, “Effects of acupuncture at Baihui (DU20) and Zusanli (ST36) on the expression of heat shock protein 70 and tumor necrosis factor α in the peripheral serum of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion-injured rats,” Chin. J. Integr. Med. 20(5), 369–374 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Zhang, B. Wu, K. Nie, Y. Jia, and J. Yu, “Effects of acupuncture on declined cerebral blood flow, impaired mitochondrial respiratory function and oxidative stress in multi-infarct dementia rats,” Neurochem. Int. 65, 23–29 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Yao, L. Xi, and H. Jiang, “Photoacoustic computed microscopy,” Sci. Rep. 4, 4960 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2013 (4)

L. Xiang, L. Ji, T. Zhang, B. Wang, J. Yang, Q. Zhang, M. S. Jiang, J. Zhou, P. R. Carney, and H. Jiang, “Noninvasive real time tomographic imaging of epileptic foci and networks,” Neuroimage 66, 240–248 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Z. Liu, Z. G. Li, D. J. Wang, G. X. Shi, L. Y. Liu, Q. Q. Li, and C. Li, “Effect of acupuncture on hippocampal Ref-1 expression in cerebral multi-infarction rats,” Neurol. Sci. 34(3), 305–312 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Guevara, R. Berti, I. Londono, N. Xie, P. Bellec, F. Lesage, and G. A. Lodygensky, “Imaging of an inflammatory injury in the newborn rat brain with photoacoustic tomography,” PLoS One 8(12), e83045 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Yao, J. Xia, K. I. Maslov, M. Nasiriavanaki, V. Tsytsarev, A. V. Demchenko, and L. V. Wang, “Noninvasive photoacoustic computed tomography of mouse brain metabolism in vivo,” Neuroimage 64, 257–266 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2012 (2)

B. Wang, L. Xiang, M. S. Jiang, J. Yang, Q. Zhang, P. R. Carney, and H. Jiang, “Photoacoustic tomography system for noninvasive real-time three-dimensional imaging of epilepsy,” Biomed. Opt. Express 3(6), 1427–1432 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. L. He, Y. H. Wang, M. G. Bi, and G. H. Du, “Chrysin improves cognitive deficits and brain damage induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats,” Eur. J. Pharmacol. 680(1-3), 41–48 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2011 (1)

N. Tanahashi, J. Shikami, M. Yoneda, and T. Ishida, “Effects of Manual Acupuncture at GB34 on Carbon tetrachloride-induced Acute Liver Injury in Rats,” J. Acupunct. Meridian Stud. 4(4), 214–219 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2010 (3)

Y. Fujii, “Clinical Management of Postoperative Vomiting After Strabismus Surgery in Children,” Curr. Drug Saf. 5(2), 132–148 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

I. Quah-Smith, P. S. Sachdev, W. Wen, X. Chen, and M. A. Williams, “The brain effects of laser acupuncture in healthy individuals: An FMRI investigation,” PLoS One 5(9), e12619 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. L. Liu, L. Lan, F. Zeng, X. Z. Li, X. G. Liu, and F. R. Liang, “Quality control of the research on mechanisms of acupuncture therapy by using PET-CT imaging techniques,” Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 35(1), 67–70 (2010).
[PubMed]

2009 (2)

Y. F. Qian, X. N. Fan, Y. J. Li, Y. N. Zhang, Y. Y. Wei, X. Zhang, H. Q. Wu, S. Wang, and X. M. Shi, “Effects of acupuncture at different acupoints on cerebral blood flow in cerebral ischemia model rats,” Zhongguo Zhenjiu 29(3), 213–216 (2009).
[PubMed]

X. Lai, G. Zhang, Y. Huang, C. Tang, J. Yang, S. Wang, and S. F. Zhou, “A cerebral functional imaging study by positron emission tomography in healthy volunteers receiving true or sham acupuncture needling,” Neurosci. Lett. 452(2), 194–199 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2008 (2)

W. Qin, J. Tian, L. Bai, X. Pan, L. Yang, P. Chen, J. Dai, L. Ai, B. Zhao, Q. Gong, W. Wang, K. M. von Deneen, and Y. Liu, “FMRI connectivity analysis of acupuncture effects on an amygdala-associated brain network,” Mol. Pain 4(1), 55 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Q. Zhang, Z. Liu, P. R. Carney, Z. Yuan, H. Chen, S. N. Roper, and H. Jiang, “Non-invasive imaging of epileptic seizures in vivo using photoacoustic tomography,” Phys. Med. Biol. 53(7), 1921–1931 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2007 (2)

B. Liu, Q. F. Meng, Y. S. Yie, D. J. Zhou, S. G. Dong, X. Liu, and C. X. Sang, “CT perfusion imaging and pathology in experimental cerebral hypoperfusion model treated by electroacupuncture,” J. Practical Radiol. 23, 963–965 (2007).

C. M. Chuang, C. L. Hsieh, T. C. Li, and J. G. Lin, “Acupuncture stimulation at Baihui acupoint reduced cerebral infarct and increased dopamine levels in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and ischemia-reperfusion injured Sprague-Dawley rats,” Am. J. Chin. Med. 35(5), 779–791 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2003 (3)

M. H. Jang, M. C. Shin, T. H. Lee, B. V. Lim, M. S. Shin, B. I. Min, H. Kim, S. Cho, E. H. Kim, and C. J. Kim, “Acupuncture suppresses ischemia-induced increase in c-Fos expression and apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region in gerbils,” Neurosci. Lett. 347(1), 5–8 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. J. Park, S. Lim, W. S. Joo, C. S. Yin, H. S. Lee, H. J. Lee, J. C. Seo, K. Leem, Y. S. Son, Y. J. Kim, C. J. Kim, Y. S. Kim, and J. H. Chung, “Acupuncture prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal death in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in the rat Parkinson’s disease model,” Exp. Neurol. 180(1), 93–98 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. T. Zhang, Z. Jin, G. H. Cui, K. L. Zhang, L. Zhang, Y. W. Zeng, F. Luo, A. C. N. Chen, and J. S. Han, “Relations between brain network activation and analgesic effect induced by low vs. high frequency electrical acupoint stimulation in different subjects: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study,” Brain Res. 982(2), 168–178 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2001 (1)

J. C. Hsieh, C. H. Tu, F. P. Chen, M. C. Chen, T. C. Yeh, H. C. Cheng, Y. T. Wu, R. S. Liu, and L. T. Ho, “Activation of the hypothalamus characterises the acupuncture stimulation at the analgesic point in the human: a PET Study,” Neurosci. Lett. 307(2), 105–108 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1993 (1)

J. Lü, “The clinical application of yanglingquan (GB 34) point,” J. Tradit. Chin. Med. 13(3), 179–181 (1993).
[PubMed]

1982 (1)

J. S. Han and L. Terenius, “Neurochemical basis of acupuncture analgesia,” Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 22(1), 193–220 (1982).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ai, L.

W. Qin, J. Tian, L. Bai, X. Pan, L. Yang, P. Chen, J. Dai, L. Ai, B. Zhao, Q. Gong, W. Wang, K. M. von Deneen, and Y. Liu, “FMRI connectivity analysis of acupuncture effects on an amygdala-associated brain network,” Mol. Pain 4(1), 55 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bai, L.

W. Qin, J. Tian, L. Bai, X. Pan, L. Yang, P. Chen, J. Dai, L. Ai, B. Zhao, Q. Gong, W. Wang, K. M. von Deneen, and Y. Liu, “FMRI connectivity analysis of acupuncture effects on an amygdala-associated brain network,” Mol. Pain 4(1), 55 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bellec, P.

E. Guevara, R. Berti, I. Londono, N. Xie, P. Bellec, F. Lesage, and G. A. Lodygensky, “Imaging of an inflammatory injury in the newborn rat brain with photoacoustic tomography,” PLoS One 8(12), e83045 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Berti, R.

E. Guevara, R. Berti, I. Londono, N. Xie, P. Bellec, F. Lesage, and G. A. Lodygensky, “Imaging of an inflammatory injury in the newborn rat brain with photoacoustic tomography,” PLoS One 8(12), e83045 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bi, M. G.

X. L. He, Y. H. Wang, M. G. Bi, and G. H. Du, “Chrysin improves cognitive deficits and brain damage induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats,” Eur. J. Pharmacol. 680(1-3), 41–48 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Carney, P. R.

L. Xiang, L. Ji, T. Zhang, B. Wang, J. Yang, Q. Zhang, M. S. Jiang, J. Zhou, P. R. Carney, and H. Jiang, “Noninvasive real time tomographic imaging of epileptic foci and networks,” Neuroimage 66, 240–248 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Wang, L. Xiang, M. S. Jiang, J. Yang, Q. Zhang, P. R. Carney, and H. Jiang, “Photoacoustic tomography system for noninvasive real-time three-dimensional imaging of epilepsy,” Biomed. Opt. Express 3(6), 1427–1432 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Q. Zhang, Z. Liu, P. R. Carney, Z. Yuan, H. Chen, S. N. Roper, and H. Jiang, “Non-invasive imaging of epileptic seizures in vivo using photoacoustic tomography,” Phys. Med. Biol. 53(7), 1921–1931 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chen, A. C. N.

W. T. Zhang, Z. Jin, G. H. Cui, K. L. Zhang, L. Zhang, Y. W. Zeng, F. Luo, A. C. N. Chen, and J. S. Han, “Relations between brain network activation and analgesic effect induced by low vs. high frequency electrical acupoint stimulation in different subjects: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study,” Brain Res. 982(2), 168–178 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chen, B.

Chen, F. P.

J. C. Hsieh, C. H. Tu, F. P. Chen, M. C. Chen, T. C. Yeh, H. C. Cheng, Y. T. Wu, R. S. Liu, and L. T. Ho, “Activation of the hypothalamus characterises the acupuncture stimulation at the analgesic point in the human: a PET Study,” Neurosci. Lett. 307(2), 105–108 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chen, H.

Q. Zhang, Z. Liu, P. R. Carney, Z. Yuan, H. Chen, S. N. Roper, and H. Jiang, “Non-invasive imaging of epileptic seizures in vivo using photoacoustic tomography,” Phys. Med. Biol. 53(7), 1921–1931 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chen, M. C.

J. C. Hsieh, C. H. Tu, F. P. Chen, M. C. Chen, T. C. Yeh, H. C. Cheng, Y. T. Wu, R. S. Liu, and L. T. Ho, “Activation of the hypothalamus characterises the acupuncture stimulation at the analgesic point in the human: a PET Study,” Neurosci. Lett. 307(2), 105–108 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chen, P.

W. Qin, J. Tian, L. Bai, X. Pan, L. Yang, P. Chen, J. Dai, L. Ai, B. Zhao, Q. Gong, W. Wang, K. M. von Deneen, and Y. Liu, “FMRI connectivity analysis of acupuncture effects on an amygdala-associated brain network,” Mol. Pain 4(1), 55 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chen, S. H.

H. Xu, H. Sun, S. H. Chen, Y. M. Zhang, Y. L. Piao, and Y. Gao, “Effects of acupuncture at Baihui (DU20) and Zusanli (ST36) on the expression of heat shock protein 70 and tumor necrosis factor α in the peripheral serum of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion-injured rats,” Chin. J. Integr. Med. 20(5), 369–374 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chen, X.

I. Quah-Smith, P. S. Sachdev, W. Wen, X. Chen, and M. A. Williams, “The brain effects of laser acupuncture in healthy individuals: An FMRI investigation,” PLoS One 5(9), e12619 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cheng, H. C.

J. C. Hsieh, C. H. Tu, F. P. Chen, M. C. Chen, T. C. Yeh, H. C. Cheng, Y. T. Wu, R. S. Liu, and L. T. Ho, “Activation of the hypothalamus characterises the acupuncture stimulation at the analgesic point in the human: a PET Study,” Neurosci. Lett. 307(2), 105–108 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cho, S.

M. H. Jang, M. C. Shin, T. H. Lee, B. V. Lim, M. S. Shin, B. I. Min, H. Kim, S. Cho, E. H. Kim, and C. J. Kim, “Acupuncture suppresses ischemia-induced increase in c-Fos expression and apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region in gerbils,” Neurosci. Lett. 347(1), 5–8 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chuang, C. M.

C. M. Chuang, C. L. Hsieh, T. C. Li, and J. G. Lin, “Acupuncture stimulation at Baihui acupoint reduced cerebral infarct and increased dopamine levels in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and ischemia-reperfusion injured Sprague-Dawley rats,” Am. J. Chin. Med. 35(5), 779–791 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chung, J. H.

H. J. Park, S. Lim, W. S. Joo, C. S. Yin, H. S. Lee, H. J. Lee, J. C. Seo, K. Leem, Y. S. Son, Y. J. Kim, C. J. Kim, Y. S. Kim, and J. H. Chung, “Acupuncture prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal death in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in the rat Parkinson’s disease model,” Exp. Neurol. 180(1), 93–98 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cui, G. H.

W. T. Zhang, Z. Jin, G. H. Cui, K. L. Zhang, L. Zhang, Y. W. Zeng, F. Luo, A. C. N. Chen, and J. S. Han, “Relations between brain network activation and analgesic effect induced by low vs. high frequency electrical acupoint stimulation in different subjects: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study,” Brain Res. 982(2), 168–178 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dai, J.

W. Qin, J. Tian, L. Bai, X. Pan, L. Yang, P. Chen, J. Dai, L. Ai, B. Zhao, Q. Gong, W. Wang, K. M. von Deneen, and Y. Liu, “FMRI connectivity analysis of acupuncture effects on an amygdala-associated brain network,” Mol. Pain 4(1), 55 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Demchenko, A. V.

J. Yao, J. Xia, K. I. Maslov, M. Nasiriavanaki, V. Tsytsarev, A. V. Demchenko, and L. V. Wang, “Noninvasive photoacoustic computed tomography of mouse brain metabolism in vivo,” Neuroimage 64, 257–266 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dong, S. G.

B. Liu, Q. F. Meng, Y. S. Yie, D. J. Zhou, S. G. Dong, X. Liu, and C. X. Sang, “CT perfusion imaging and pathology in experimental cerebral hypoperfusion model treated by electroacupuncture,” J. Practical Radiol. 23, 963–965 (2007).

Du, G. H.

X. L. He, Y. H. Wang, M. G. Bi, and G. H. Du, “Chrysin improves cognitive deficits and brain damage induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats,” Eur. J. Pharmacol. 680(1-3), 41–48 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fan, X. N.

Y. F. Qian, X. N. Fan, Y. J. Li, Y. N. Zhang, Y. Y. Wei, X. Zhang, H. Q. Wu, S. Wang, and X. M. Shi, “Effects of acupuncture at different acupoints on cerebral blood flow in cerebral ischemia model rats,” Zhongguo Zhenjiu 29(3), 213–216 (2009).
[PubMed]

Fujii, Y.

Y. Fujii, “Clinical Management of Postoperative Vomiting After Strabismus Surgery in Children,” Curr. Drug Saf. 5(2), 132–148 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gao, Y.

H. Xu, H. Sun, S. H. Chen, Y. M. Zhang, Y. L. Piao, and Y. Gao, “Effects of acupuncture at Baihui (DU20) and Zusanli (ST36) on the expression of heat shock protein 70 and tumor necrosis factor α in the peripheral serum of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion-injured rats,” Chin. J. Integr. Med. 20(5), 369–374 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gong, Q.

W. Qin, J. Tian, L. Bai, X. Pan, L. Yang, P. Chen, J. Dai, L. Ai, B. Zhao, Q. Gong, W. Wang, K. M. von Deneen, and Y. Liu, “FMRI connectivity analysis of acupuncture effects on an amygdala-associated brain network,” Mol. Pain 4(1), 55 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Guevara, E.

E. Guevara, R. Berti, I. Londono, N. Xie, P. Bellec, F. Lesage, and G. A. Lodygensky, “Imaging of an inflammatory injury in the newborn rat brain with photoacoustic tomography,” PLoS One 8(12), e83045 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Han, J. S.

W. T. Zhang, Z. Jin, G. H. Cui, K. L. Zhang, L. Zhang, Y. W. Zeng, F. Luo, A. C. N. Chen, and J. S. Han, “Relations between brain network activation and analgesic effect induced by low vs. high frequency electrical acupoint stimulation in different subjects: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study,” Brain Res. 982(2), 168–178 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. S. Han and L. Terenius, “Neurochemical basis of acupuncture analgesia,” Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 22(1), 193–220 (1982).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

He, X. L.

X. L. He, Y. H. Wang, M. G. Bi, and G. H. Du, “Chrysin improves cognitive deficits and brain damage induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats,” Eur. J. Pharmacol. 680(1-3), 41–48 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ho, L. T.

J. C. Hsieh, C. H. Tu, F. P. Chen, M. C. Chen, T. C. Yeh, H. C. Cheng, Y. T. Wu, R. S. Liu, and L. T. Ho, “Activation of the hypothalamus characterises the acupuncture stimulation at the analgesic point in the human: a PET Study,” Neurosci. Lett. 307(2), 105–108 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hsieh, C. L.

C. M. Chuang, C. L. Hsieh, T. C. Li, and J. G. Lin, “Acupuncture stimulation at Baihui acupoint reduced cerebral infarct and increased dopamine levels in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and ischemia-reperfusion injured Sprague-Dawley rats,” Am. J. Chin. Med. 35(5), 779–791 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hsieh, J. C.

J. C. Hsieh, C. H. Tu, F. P. Chen, M. C. Chen, T. C. Yeh, H. C. Cheng, Y. T. Wu, R. S. Liu, and L. T. Ho, “Activation of the hypothalamus characterises the acupuncture stimulation at the analgesic point in the human: a PET Study,” Neurosci. Lett. 307(2), 105–108 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Huang, C. H.

J. Yao, L. Wang, J. M. Yang, K. I. Maslov, T. T. W. Wong, L. Li, C. H. Huang, J. Zou, and L. V. Wang, “High-speed label-free functional photoacoustic microscopy of mouse brain in action,” Nat. Methods 12(5), 407–410 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Huang, Y.

X. Lai, G. Zhang, Y. Huang, C. Tang, J. Yang, S. Wang, and S. F. Zhou, “A cerebral functional imaging study by positron emission tomography in healthy volunteers receiving true or sham acupuncture needling,” Neurosci. Lett. 452(2), 194–199 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ishida, T.

N. Tanahashi, J. Shikami, M. Yoneda, and T. Ishida, “Effects of Manual Acupuncture at GB34 on Carbon tetrachloride-induced Acute Liver Injury in Rats,” J. Acupunct. Meridian Stud. 4(4), 214–219 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jang, M. H.

M. H. Jang, M. C. Shin, T. H. Lee, B. V. Lim, M. S. Shin, B. I. Min, H. Kim, S. Cho, E. H. Kim, and C. J. Kim, “Acupuncture suppresses ischemia-induced increase in c-Fos expression and apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region in gerbils,” Neurosci. Lett. 347(1), 5–8 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ji, L.

L. Xiang, L. Ji, T. Zhang, B. Wang, J. Yang, Q. Zhang, M. S. Jiang, J. Zhou, P. R. Carney, and H. Jiang, “Noninvasive real time tomographic imaging of epileptic foci and networks,” Neuroimage 66, 240–248 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jia, Y.

X. Zhang, B. Wu, K. Nie, Y. Jia, and J. Yu, “Effects of acupuncture on declined cerebral blood flow, impaired mitochondrial respiratory function and oxidative stress in multi-infarct dementia rats,” Neurochem. Int. 65, 23–29 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jiang, H.

T. Li, X. Xu, B. Chen, J. Rong, and H. Jiang, “Photoacoustic imaging of acupuncture effect in small animals,” Biomed. Opt. Express 6(2), 433–442 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Yao, L. Xi, and H. Jiang, “Photoacoustic computed microscopy,” Sci. Rep. 4, 4960 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Xiang, L. Ji, T. Zhang, B. Wang, J. Yang, Q. Zhang, M. S. Jiang, J. Zhou, P. R. Carney, and H. Jiang, “Noninvasive real time tomographic imaging of epileptic foci and networks,” Neuroimage 66, 240–248 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Wang, L. Xiang, M. S. Jiang, J. Yang, Q. Zhang, P. R. Carney, and H. Jiang, “Photoacoustic tomography system for noninvasive real-time three-dimensional imaging of epilepsy,” Biomed. Opt. Express 3(6), 1427–1432 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Q. Zhang, Z. Liu, P. R. Carney, Z. Yuan, H. Chen, S. N. Roper, and H. Jiang, “Non-invasive imaging of epileptic seizures in vivo using photoacoustic tomography,” Phys. Med. Biol. 53(7), 1921–1931 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jiang, M. S.

L. Xiang, L. Ji, T. Zhang, B. Wang, J. Yang, Q. Zhang, M. S. Jiang, J. Zhou, P. R. Carney, and H. Jiang, “Noninvasive real time tomographic imaging of epileptic foci and networks,” Neuroimage 66, 240–248 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Wang, L. Xiang, M. S. Jiang, J. Yang, Q. Zhang, P. R. Carney, and H. Jiang, “Photoacoustic tomography system for noninvasive real-time three-dimensional imaging of epilepsy,” Biomed. Opt. Express 3(6), 1427–1432 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jin, Z.

W. T. Zhang, Z. Jin, G. H. Cui, K. L. Zhang, L. Zhang, Y. W. Zeng, F. Luo, A. C. N. Chen, and J. S. Han, “Relations between brain network activation and analgesic effect induced by low vs. high frequency electrical acupoint stimulation in different subjects: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study,” Brain Res. 982(2), 168–178 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Joo, W. S.

H. J. Park, S. Lim, W. S. Joo, C. S. Yin, H. S. Lee, H. J. Lee, J. C. Seo, K. Leem, Y. S. Son, Y. J. Kim, C. J. Kim, Y. S. Kim, and J. H. Chung, “Acupuncture prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal death in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in the rat Parkinson’s disease model,” Exp. Neurol. 180(1), 93–98 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, C. J.

H. J. Park, S. Lim, W. S. Joo, C. S. Yin, H. S. Lee, H. J. Lee, J. C. Seo, K. Leem, Y. S. Son, Y. J. Kim, C. J. Kim, Y. S. Kim, and J. H. Chung, “Acupuncture prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal death in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in the rat Parkinson’s disease model,” Exp. Neurol. 180(1), 93–98 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. H. Jang, M. C. Shin, T. H. Lee, B. V. Lim, M. S. Shin, B. I. Min, H. Kim, S. Cho, E. H. Kim, and C. J. Kim, “Acupuncture suppresses ischemia-induced increase in c-Fos expression and apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region in gerbils,” Neurosci. Lett. 347(1), 5–8 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, E. H.

M. H. Jang, M. C. Shin, T. H. Lee, B. V. Lim, M. S. Shin, B. I. Min, H. Kim, S. Cho, E. H. Kim, and C. J. Kim, “Acupuncture suppresses ischemia-induced increase in c-Fos expression and apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region in gerbils,” Neurosci. Lett. 347(1), 5–8 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, H.

M. H. Jang, M. C. Shin, T. H. Lee, B. V. Lim, M. S. Shin, B. I. Min, H. Kim, S. Cho, E. H. Kim, and C. J. Kim, “Acupuncture suppresses ischemia-induced increase in c-Fos expression and apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region in gerbils,” Neurosci. Lett. 347(1), 5–8 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, Y. J.

H. J. Park, S. Lim, W. S. Joo, C. S. Yin, H. S. Lee, H. J. Lee, J. C. Seo, K. Leem, Y. S. Son, Y. J. Kim, C. J. Kim, Y. S. Kim, and J. H. Chung, “Acupuncture prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal death in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in the rat Parkinson’s disease model,” Exp. Neurol. 180(1), 93–98 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, Y. S.

H. J. Park, S. Lim, W. S. Joo, C. S. Yin, H. S. Lee, H. J. Lee, J. C. Seo, K. Leem, Y. S. Son, Y. J. Kim, C. J. Kim, Y. S. Kim, and J. H. Chung, “Acupuncture prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal death in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in the rat Parkinson’s disease model,” Exp. Neurol. 180(1), 93–98 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lai, X.

X. Lai, G. Zhang, Y. Huang, C. Tang, J. Yang, S. Wang, and S. F. Zhou, “A cerebral functional imaging study by positron emission tomography in healthy volunteers receiving true or sham acupuncture needling,” Neurosci. Lett. 452(2), 194–199 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lan, L.

M. L. Liu, L. Lan, F. Zeng, X. Z. Li, X. G. Liu, and F. R. Liang, “Quality control of the research on mechanisms of acupuncture therapy by using PET-CT imaging techniques,” Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 35(1), 67–70 (2010).
[PubMed]

Lee, H. J.

H. J. Park, S. Lim, W. S. Joo, C. S. Yin, H. S. Lee, H. J. Lee, J. C. Seo, K. Leem, Y. S. Son, Y. J. Kim, C. J. Kim, Y. S. Kim, and J. H. Chung, “Acupuncture prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal death in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in the rat Parkinson’s disease model,” Exp. Neurol. 180(1), 93–98 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lee, H. S.

H. J. Park, S. Lim, W. S. Joo, C. S. Yin, H. S. Lee, H. J. Lee, J. C. Seo, K. Leem, Y. S. Son, Y. J. Kim, C. J. Kim, Y. S. Kim, and J. H. Chung, “Acupuncture prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal death in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in the rat Parkinson’s disease model,” Exp. Neurol. 180(1), 93–98 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lee, T. H.

M. H. Jang, M. C. Shin, T. H. Lee, B. V. Lim, M. S. Shin, B. I. Min, H. Kim, S. Cho, E. H. Kim, and C. J. Kim, “Acupuncture suppresses ischemia-induced increase in c-Fos expression and apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region in gerbils,” Neurosci. Lett. 347(1), 5–8 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Leem, K.

H. J. Park, S. Lim, W. S. Joo, C. S. Yin, H. S. Lee, H. J. Lee, J. C. Seo, K. Leem, Y. S. Son, Y. J. Kim, C. J. Kim, Y. S. Kim, and J. H. Chung, “Acupuncture prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal death in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in the rat Parkinson’s disease model,” Exp. Neurol. 180(1), 93–98 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lesage, F.

E. Guevara, R. Berti, I. Londono, N. Xie, P. Bellec, F. Lesage, and G. A. Lodygensky, “Imaging of an inflammatory injury in the newborn rat brain with photoacoustic tomography,” PLoS One 8(12), e83045 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Li, C.

C. Z. Liu, Z. G. Li, D. J. Wang, G. X. Shi, L. Y. Liu, Q. Q. Li, and C. Li, “Effect of acupuncture on hippocampal Ref-1 expression in cerebral multi-infarction rats,” Neurol. Sci. 34(3), 305–312 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Li, L.

J. Yao, L. Wang, J. M. Yang, K. I. Maslov, T. T. W. Wong, L. Li, C. H. Huang, J. Zou, and L. V. Wang, “High-speed label-free functional photoacoustic microscopy of mouse brain in action,” Nat. Methods 12(5), 407–410 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Li, Q. Q.

C. Z. Liu, Z. G. Li, D. J. Wang, G. X. Shi, L. Y. Liu, Q. Q. Li, and C. Li, “Effect of acupuncture on hippocampal Ref-1 expression in cerebral multi-infarction rats,” Neurol. Sci. 34(3), 305–312 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Li, T.

Li, T. C.

C. M. Chuang, C. L. Hsieh, T. C. Li, and J. G. Lin, “Acupuncture stimulation at Baihui acupoint reduced cerebral infarct and increased dopamine levels in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and ischemia-reperfusion injured Sprague-Dawley rats,” Am. J. Chin. Med. 35(5), 779–791 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Li, X. Z.

M. L. Liu, L. Lan, F. Zeng, X. Z. Li, X. G. Liu, and F. R. Liang, “Quality control of the research on mechanisms of acupuncture therapy by using PET-CT imaging techniques,” Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 35(1), 67–70 (2010).
[PubMed]

Li, Y. J.

Y. F. Qian, X. N. Fan, Y. J. Li, Y. N. Zhang, Y. Y. Wei, X. Zhang, H. Q. Wu, S. Wang, and X. M. Shi, “Effects of acupuncture at different acupoints on cerebral blood flow in cerebral ischemia model rats,” Zhongguo Zhenjiu 29(3), 213–216 (2009).
[PubMed]

Li, Z. G.

C. Z. Liu, Z. G. Li, D. J. Wang, G. X. Shi, L. Y. Liu, Q. Q. Li, and C. Li, “Effect of acupuncture on hippocampal Ref-1 expression in cerebral multi-infarction rats,” Neurol. Sci. 34(3), 305–312 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Liang, F. R.

M. L. Liu, L. Lan, F. Zeng, X. Z. Li, X. G. Liu, and F. R. Liang, “Quality control of the research on mechanisms of acupuncture therapy by using PET-CT imaging techniques,” Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 35(1), 67–70 (2010).
[PubMed]

Lim, B. V.

M. H. Jang, M. C. Shin, T. H. Lee, B. V. Lim, M. S. Shin, B. I. Min, H. Kim, S. Cho, E. H. Kim, and C. J. Kim, “Acupuncture suppresses ischemia-induced increase in c-Fos expression and apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region in gerbils,” Neurosci. Lett. 347(1), 5–8 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lim, S.

H. J. Park, S. Lim, W. S. Joo, C. S. Yin, H. S. Lee, H. J. Lee, J. C. Seo, K. Leem, Y. S. Son, Y. J. Kim, C. J. Kim, Y. S. Kim, and J. H. Chung, “Acupuncture prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal death in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in the rat Parkinson’s disease model,” Exp. Neurol. 180(1), 93–98 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lin, J. G.

C. M. Chuang, C. L. Hsieh, T. C. Li, and J. G. Lin, “Acupuncture stimulation at Baihui acupoint reduced cerebral infarct and increased dopamine levels in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and ischemia-reperfusion injured Sprague-Dawley rats,” Am. J. Chin. Med. 35(5), 779–791 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Liu, B.

B. Liu, Q. F. Meng, Y. S. Yie, D. J. Zhou, S. G. Dong, X. Liu, and C. X. Sang, “CT perfusion imaging and pathology in experimental cerebral hypoperfusion model treated by electroacupuncture,” J. Practical Radiol. 23, 963–965 (2007).

Liu, C. Z.

C. Z. Liu, Z. G. Li, D. J. Wang, G. X. Shi, L. Y. Liu, Q. Q. Li, and C. Li, “Effect of acupuncture on hippocampal Ref-1 expression in cerebral multi-infarction rats,” Neurol. Sci. 34(3), 305–312 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Liu, L. Y.

C. Z. Liu, Z. G. Li, D. J. Wang, G. X. Shi, L. Y. Liu, Q. Q. Li, and C. Li, “Effect of acupuncture on hippocampal Ref-1 expression in cerebral multi-infarction rats,” Neurol. Sci. 34(3), 305–312 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Liu, M. L.

M. L. Liu, L. Lan, F. Zeng, X. Z. Li, X. G. Liu, and F. R. Liang, “Quality control of the research on mechanisms of acupuncture therapy by using PET-CT imaging techniques,” Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 35(1), 67–70 (2010).
[PubMed]

Liu, R. S.

J. C. Hsieh, C. H. Tu, F. P. Chen, M. C. Chen, T. C. Yeh, H. C. Cheng, Y. T. Wu, R. S. Liu, and L. T. Ho, “Activation of the hypothalamus characterises the acupuncture stimulation at the analgesic point in the human: a PET Study,” Neurosci. Lett. 307(2), 105–108 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Liu, X.

B. Liu, Q. F. Meng, Y. S. Yie, D. J. Zhou, S. G. Dong, X. Liu, and C. X. Sang, “CT perfusion imaging and pathology in experimental cerebral hypoperfusion model treated by electroacupuncture,” J. Practical Radiol. 23, 963–965 (2007).

Liu, X. G.

M. L. Liu, L. Lan, F. Zeng, X. Z. Li, X. G. Liu, and F. R. Liang, “Quality control of the research on mechanisms of acupuncture therapy by using PET-CT imaging techniques,” Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 35(1), 67–70 (2010).
[PubMed]

Liu, Y.

W. Qin, J. Tian, L. Bai, X. Pan, L. Yang, P. Chen, J. Dai, L. Ai, B. Zhao, Q. Gong, W. Wang, K. M. von Deneen, and Y. Liu, “FMRI connectivity analysis of acupuncture effects on an amygdala-associated brain network,” Mol. Pain 4(1), 55 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Liu, Z.

Q. Zhang, Z. Liu, P. R. Carney, Z. Yuan, H. Chen, S. N. Roper, and H. Jiang, “Non-invasive imaging of epileptic seizures in vivo using photoacoustic tomography,” Phys. Med. Biol. 53(7), 1921–1931 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lodygensky, G. A.

E. Guevara, R. Berti, I. Londono, N. Xie, P. Bellec, F. Lesage, and G. A. Lodygensky, “Imaging of an inflammatory injury in the newborn rat brain with photoacoustic tomography,” PLoS One 8(12), e83045 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Londono, I.

E. Guevara, R. Berti, I. Londono, N. Xie, P. Bellec, F. Lesage, and G. A. Lodygensky, “Imaging of an inflammatory injury in the newborn rat brain with photoacoustic tomography,” PLoS One 8(12), e83045 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lü, J.

J. Lü, “The clinical application of yanglingquan (GB 34) point,” J. Tradit. Chin. Med. 13(3), 179–181 (1993).
[PubMed]

Luo, F.

W. T. Zhang, Z. Jin, G. H. Cui, K. L. Zhang, L. Zhang, Y. W. Zeng, F. Luo, A. C. N. Chen, and J. S. Han, “Relations between brain network activation and analgesic effect induced by low vs. high frequency electrical acupoint stimulation in different subjects: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study,” Brain Res. 982(2), 168–178 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Maslov, K. I.

J. Yao, L. Wang, J. M. Yang, K. I. Maslov, T. T. W. Wong, L. Li, C. H. Huang, J. Zou, and L. V. Wang, “High-speed label-free functional photoacoustic microscopy of mouse brain in action,” Nat. Methods 12(5), 407–410 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Yao, J. Xia, K. I. Maslov, M. Nasiriavanaki, V. Tsytsarev, A. V. Demchenko, and L. V. Wang, “Noninvasive photoacoustic computed tomography of mouse brain metabolism in vivo,” Neuroimage 64, 257–266 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Meng, Q. F.

B. Liu, Q. F. Meng, Y. S. Yie, D. J. Zhou, S. G. Dong, X. Liu, and C. X. Sang, “CT perfusion imaging and pathology in experimental cerebral hypoperfusion model treated by electroacupuncture,” J. Practical Radiol. 23, 963–965 (2007).

Min, B. I.

M. H. Jang, M. C. Shin, T. H. Lee, B. V. Lim, M. S. Shin, B. I. Min, H. Kim, S. Cho, E. H. Kim, and C. J. Kim, “Acupuncture suppresses ischemia-induced increase in c-Fos expression and apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region in gerbils,” Neurosci. Lett. 347(1), 5–8 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nasiriavanaki, M.

J. Yao, J. Xia, K. I. Maslov, M. Nasiriavanaki, V. Tsytsarev, A. V. Demchenko, and L. V. Wang, “Noninvasive photoacoustic computed tomography of mouse brain metabolism in vivo,” Neuroimage 64, 257–266 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nie, K.

X. Zhang, B. Wu, K. Nie, Y. Jia, and J. Yu, “Effects of acupuncture on declined cerebral blood flow, impaired mitochondrial respiratory function and oxidative stress in multi-infarct dementia rats,” Neurochem. Int. 65, 23–29 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Pan, X.

W. Qin, J. Tian, L. Bai, X. Pan, L. Yang, P. Chen, J. Dai, L. Ai, B. Zhao, Q. Gong, W. Wang, K. M. von Deneen, and Y. Liu, “FMRI connectivity analysis of acupuncture effects on an amygdala-associated brain network,” Mol. Pain 4(1), 55 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Park, H. J.

H. J. Park, S. Lim, W. S. Joo, C. S. Yin, H. S. Lee, H. J. Lee, J. C. Seo, K. Leem, Y. S. Son, Y. J. Kim, C. J. Kim, Y. S. Kim, and J. H. Chung, “Acupuncture prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal death in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in the rat Parkinson’s disease model,” Exp. Neurol. 180(1), 93–98 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Piao, Y. L.

H. Xu, H. Sun, S. H. Chen, Y. M. Zhang, Y. L. Piao, and Y. Gao, “Effects of acupuncture at Baihui (DU20) and Zusanli (ST36) on the expression of heat shock protein 70 and tumor necrosis factor α in the peripheral serum of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion-injured rats,” Chin. J. Integr. Med. 20(5), 369–374 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Qian, Y. F.

Y. F. Qian, X. N. Fan, Y. J. Li, Y. N. Zhang, Y. Y. Wei, X. Zhang, H. Q. Wu, S. Wang, and X. M. Shi, “Effects of acupuncture at different acupoints on cerebral blood flow in cerebral ischemia model rats,” Zhongguo Zhenjiu 29(3), 213–216 (2009).
[PubMed]

Qin, W.

W. Qin, J. Tian, L. Bai, X. Pan, L. Yang, P. Chen, J. Dai, L. Ai, B. Zhao, Q. Gong, W. Wang, K. M. von Deneen, and Y. Liu, “FMRI connectivity analysis of acupuncture effects on an amygdala-associated brain network,” Mol. Pain 4(1), 55 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Quah-Smith, I.

I. Quah-Smith, P. S. Sachdev, W. Wen, X. Chen, and M. A. Williams, “The brain effects of laser acupuncture in healthy individuals: An FMRI investigation,” PLoS One 5(9), e12619 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Rong, J.

Roper, S. N.

Q. Zhang, Z. Liu, P. R. Carney, Z. Yuan, H. Chen, S. N. Roper, and H. Jiang, “Non-invasive imaging of epileptic seizures in vivo using photoacoustic tomography,” Phys. Med. Biol. 53(7), 1921–1931 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sachdev, P. S.

I. Quah-Smith, P. S. Sachdev, W. Wen, X. Chen, and M. A. Williams, “The brain effects of laser acupuncture in healthy individuals: An FMRI investigation,” PLoS One 5(9), e12619 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sang, C. X.

B. Liu, Q. F. Meng, Y. S. Yie, D. J. Zhou, S. G. Dong, X. Liu, and C. X. Sang, “CT perfusion imaging and pathology in experimental cerebral hypoperfusion model treated by electroacupuncture,” J. Practical Radiol. 23, 963–965 (2007).

Seo, J. C.

H. J. Park, S. Lim, W. S. Joo, C. S. Yin, H. S. Lee, H. J. Lee, J. C. Seo, K. Leem, Y. S. Son, Y. J. Kim, C. J. Kim, Y. S. Kim, and J. H. Chung, “Acupuncture prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal death in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in the rat Parkinson’s disease model,” Exp. Neurol. 180(1), 93–98 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Shi, G. X.

C. Z. Liu, Z. G. Li, D. J. Wang, G. X. Shi, L. Y. Liu, Q. Q. Li, and C. Li, “Effect of acupuncture on hippocampal Ref-1 expression in cerebral multi-infarction rats,” Neurol. Sci. 34(3), 305–312 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Shi, X. M.

Y. F. Qian, X. N. Fan, Y. J. Li, Y. N. Zhang, Y. Y. Wei, X. Zhang, H. Q. Wu, S. Wang, and X. M. Shi, “Effects of acupuncture at different acupoints on cerebral blood flow in cerebral ischemia model rats,” Zhongguo Zhenjiu 29(3), 213–216 (2009).
[PubMed]

Shikami, J.

N. Tanahashi, J. Shikami, M. Yoneda, and T. Ishida, “Effects of Manual Acupuncture at GB34 on Carbon tetrachloride-induced Acute Liver Injury in Rats,” J. Acupunct. Meridian Stud. 4(4), 214–219 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Shin, M. C.

M. H. Jang, M. C. Shin, T. H. Lee, B. V. Lim, M. S. Shin, B. I. Min, H. Kim, S. Cho, E. H. Kim, and C. J. Kim, “Acupuncture suppresses ischemia-induced increase in c-Fos expression and apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region in gerbils,” Neurosci. Lett. 347(1), 5–8 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Shin, M. S.

M. H. Jang, M. C. Shin, T. H. Lee, B. V. Lim, M. S. Shin, B. I. Min, H. Kim, S. Cho, E. H. Kim, and C. J. Kim, “Acupuncture suppresses ischemia-induced increase in c-Fos expression and apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region in gerbils,” Neurosci. Lett. 347(1), 5–8 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Son, Y. S.

H. J. Park, S. Lim, W. S. Joo, C. S. Yin, H. S. Lee, H. J. Lee, J. C. Seo, K. Leem, Y. S. Son, Y. J. Kim, C. J. Kim, Y. S. Kim, and J. H. Chung, “Acupuncture prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal death in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in the rat Parkinson’s disease model,” Exp. Neurol. 180(1), 93–98 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sun, H.

H. Xu, H. Sun, S. H. Chen, Y. M. Zhang, Y. L. Piao, and Y. Gao, “Effects of acupuncture at Baihui (DU20) and Zusanli (ST36) on the expression of heat shock protein 70 and tumor necrosis factor α in the peripheral serum of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion-injured rats,” Chin. J. Integr. Med. 20(5), 369–374 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tanahashi, N.

N. Tanahashi, J. Shikami, M. Yoneda, and T. Ishida, “Effects of Manual Acupuncture at GB34 on Carbon tetrachloride-induced Acute Liver Injury in Rats,” J. Acupunct. Meridian Stud. 4(4), 214–219 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tang, C.

X. Lai, G. Zhang, Y. Huang, C. Tang, J. Yang, S. Wang, and S. F. Zhou, “A cerebral functional imaging study by positron emission tomography in healthy volunteers receiving true or sham acupuncture needling,” Neurosci. Lett. 452(2), 194–199 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Terenius, L.

J. S. Han and L. Terenius, “Neurochemical basis of acupuncture analgesia,” Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 22(1), 193–220 (1982).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tian, J.

W. Qin, J. Tian, L. Bai, X. Pan, L. Yang, P. Chen, J. Dai, L. Ai, B. Zhao, Q. Gong, W. Wang, K. M. von Deneen, and Y. Liu, “FMRI connectivity analysis of acupuncture effects on an amygdala-associated brain network,” Mol. Pain 4(1), 55 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tsytsarev, V.

J. Yao, J. Xia, K. I. Maslov, M. Nasiriavanaki, V. Tsytsarev, A. V. Demchenko, and L. V. Wang, “Noninvasive photoacoustic computed tomography of mouse brain metabolism in vivo,” Neuroimage 64, 257–266 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tu, C. H.

J. C. Hsieh, C. H. Tu, F. P. Chen, M. C. Chen, T. C. Yeh, H. C. Cheng, Y. T. Wu, R. S. Liu, and L. T. Ho, “Activation of the hypothalamus characterises the acupuncture stimulation at the analgesic point in the human: a PET Study,” Neurosci. Lett. 307(2), 105–108 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

von Deneen, K. M.

W. Qin, J. Tian, L. Bai, X. Pan, L. Yang, P. Chen, J. Dai, L. Ai, B. Zhao, Q. Gong, W. Wang, K. M. von Deneen, and Y. Liu, “FMRI connectivity analysis of acupuncture effects on an amygdala-associated brain network,” Mol. Pain 4(1), 55 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, B.

L. Xiang, L. Ji, T. Zhang, B. Wang, J. Yang, Q. Zhang, M. S. Jiang, J. Zhou, P. R. Carney, and H. Jiang, “Noninvasive real time tomographic imaging of epileptic foci and networks,” Neuroimage 66, 240–248 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Wang, L. Xiang, M. S. Jiang, J. Yang, Q. Zhang, P. R. Carney, and H. Jiang, “Photoacoustic tomography system for noninvasive real-time three-dimensional imaging of epilepsy,” Biomed. Opt. Express 3(6), 1427–1432 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, D. J.

C. Z. Liu, Z. G. Li, D. J. Wang, G. X. Shi, L. Y. Liu, Q. Q. Li, and C. Li, “Effect of acupuncture on hippocampal Ref-1 expression in cerebral multi-infarction rats,” Neurol. Sci. 34(3), 305–312 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, L.

J. Yao, L. Wang, J. M. Yang, K. I. Maslov, T. T. W. Wong, L. Li, C. H. Huang, J. Zou, and L. V. Wang, “High-speed label-free functional photoacoustic microscopy of mouse brain in action,” Nat. Methods 12(5), 407–410 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, L. V.

J. Yao, L. Wang, J. M. Yang, K. I. Maslov, T. T. W. Wong, L. Li, C. H. Huang, J. Zou, and L. V. Wang, “High-speed label-free functional photoacoustic microscopy of mouse brain in action,” Nat. Methods 12(5), 407–410 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Yao, J. Xia, K. I. Maslov, M. Nasiriavanaki, V. Tsytsarev, A. V. Demchenko, and L. V. Wang, “Noninvasive photoacoustic computed tomography of mouse brain metabolism in vivo,” Neuroimage 64, 257–266 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, S.

X. Lai, G. Zhang, Y. Huang, C. Tang, J. Yang, S. Wang, and S. F. Zhou, “A cerebral functional imaging study by positron emission tomography in healthy volunteers receiving true or sham acupuncture needling,” Neurosci. Lett. 452(2), 194–199 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. F. Qian, X. N. Fan, Y. J. Li, Y. N. Zhang, Y. Y. Wei, X. Zhang, H. Q. Wu, S. Wang, and X. M. Shi, “Effects of acupuncture at different acupoints on cerebral blood flow in cerebral ischemia model rats,” Zhongguo Zhenjiu 29(3), 213–216 (2009).
[PubMed]

Wang, W.

W. Qin, J. Tian, L. Bai, X. Pan, L. Yang, P. Chen, J. Dai, L. Ai, B. Zhao, Q. Gong, W. Wang, K. M. von Deneen, and Y. Liu, “FMRI connectivity analysis of acupuncture effects on an amygdala-associated brain network,” Mol. Pain 4(1), 55 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, Y. H.

X. L. He, Y. H. Wang, M. G. Bi, and G. H. Du, “Chrysin improves cognitive deficits and brain damage induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats,” Eur. J. Pharmacol. 680(1-3), 41–48 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wei, Y. Y.

Y. F. Qian, X. N. Fan, Y. J. Li, Y. N. Zhang, Y. Y. Wei, X. Zhang, H. Q. Wu, S. Wang, and X. M. Shi, “Effects of acupuncture at different acupoints on cerebral blood flow in cerebral ischemia model rats,” Zhongguo Zhenjiu 29(3), 213–216 (2009).
[PubMed]

Wen, W.

I. Quah-Smith, P. S. Sachdev, W. Wen, X. Chen, and M. A. Williams, “The brain effects of laser acupuncture in healthy individuals: An FMRI investigation,” PLoS One 5(9), e12619 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Williams, M. A.

I. Quah-Smith, P. S. Sachdev, W. Wen, X. Chen, and M. A. Williams, “The brain effects of laser acupuncture in healthy individuals: An FMRI investigation,” PLoS One 5(9), e12619 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wong, T. T. W.

J. Yao, L. Wang, J. M. Yang, K. I. Maslov, T. T. W. Wong, L. Li, C. H. Huang, J. Zou, and L. V. Wang, “High-speed label-free functional photoacoustic microscopy of mouse brain in action,” Nat. Methods 12(5), 407–410 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wu, B.

X. Zhang, B. Wu, K. Nie, Y. Jia, and J. Yu, “Effects of acupuncture on declined cerebral blood flow, impaired mitochondrial respiratory function and oxidative stress in multi-infarct dementia rats,” Neurochem. Int. 65, 23–29 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wu, H. Q.

Y. F. Qian, X. N. Fan, Y. J. Li, Y. N. Zhang, Y. Y. Wei, X. Zhang, H. Q. Wu, S. Wang, and X. M. Shi, “Effects of acupuncture at different acupoints on cerebral blood flow in cerebral ischemia model rats,” Zhongguo Zhenjiu 29(3), 213–216 (2009).
[PubMed]

Wu, Y. T.

J. C. Hsieh, C. H. Tu, F. P. Chen, M. C. Chen, T. C. Yeh, H. C. Cheng, Y. T. Wu, R. S. Liu, and L. T. Ho, “Activation of the hypothalamus characterises the acupuncture stimulation at the analgesic point in the human: a PET Study,” Neurosci. Lett. 307(2), 105–108 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Xi, L.

L. Yao, L. Xi, and H. Jiang, “Photoacoustic computed microscopy,” Sci. Rep. 4, 4960 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Xia, J.

J. Yao, J. Xia, K. I. Maslov, M. Nasiriavanaki, V. Tsytsarev, A. V. Demchenko, and L. V. Wang, “Noninvasive photoacoustic computed tomography of mouse brain metabolism in vivo,” Neuroimage 64, 257–266 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Xiang, L.

L. Xiang, L. Ji, T. Zhang, B. Wang, J. Yang, Q. Zhang, M. S. Jiang, J. Zhou, P. R. Carney, and H. Jiang, “Noninvasive real time tomographic imaging of epileptic foci and networks,” Neuroimage 66, 240–248 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Wang, L. Xiang, M. S. Jiang, J. Yang, Q. Zhang, P. R. Carney, and H. Jiang, “Photoacoustic tomography system for noninvasive real-time three-dimensional imaging of epilepsy,” Biomed. Opt. Express 3(6), 1427–1432 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Xie, N.

E. Guevara, R. Berti, I. Londono, N. Xie, P. Bellec, F. Lesage, and G. A. Lodygensky, “Imaging of an inflammatory injury in the newborn rat brain with photoacoustic tomography,” PLoS One 8(12), e83045 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Xu, H.

H. Xu, H. Sun, S. H. Chen, Y. M. Zhang, Y. L. Piao, and Y. Gao, “Effects of acupuncture at Baihui (DU20) and Zusanli (ST36) on the expression of heat shock protein 70 and tumor necrosis factor α in the peripheral serum of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion-injured rats,” Chin. J. Integr. Med. 20(5), 369–374 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Xu, X.

Yang, J.

L. Xiang, L. Ji, T. Zhang, B. Wang, J. Yang, Q. Zhang, M. S. Jiang, J. Zhou, P. R. Carney, and H. Jiang, “Noninvasive real time tomographic imaging of epileptic foci and networks,” Neuroimage 66, 240–248 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Wang, L. Xiang, M. S. Jiang, J. Yang, Q. Zhang, P. R. Carney, and H. Jiang, “Photoacoustic tomography system for noninvasive real-time three-dimensional imaging of epilepsy,” Biomed. Opt. Express 3(6), 1427–1432 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Lai, G. Zhang, Y. Huang, C. Tang, J. Yang, S. Wang, and S. F. Zhou, “A cerebral functional imaging study by positron emission tomography in healthy volunteers receiving true or sham acupuncture needling,” Neurosci. Lett. 452(2), 194–199 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yang, J. M.

J. Yao, L. Wang, J. M. Yang, K. I. Maslov, T. T. W. Wong, L. Li, C. H. Huang, J. Zou, and L. V. Wang, “High-speed label-free functional photoacoustic microscopy of mouse brain in action,” Nat. Methods 12(5), 407–410 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yang, L.

W. Qin, J. Tian, L. Bai, X. Pan, L. Yang, P. Chen, J. Dai, L. Ai, B. Zhao, Q. Gong, W. Wang, K. M. von Deneen, and Y. Liu, “FMRI connectivity analysis of acupuncture effects on an amygdala-associated brain network,” Mol. Pain 4(1), 55 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yao, J.

J. Yao, L. Wang, J. M. Yang, K. I. Maslov, T. T. W. Wong, L. Li, C. H. Huang, J. Zou, and L. V. Wang, “High-speed label-free functional photoacoustic microscopy of mouse brain in action,” Nat. Methods 12(5), 407–410 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Yao, J. Xia, K. I. Maslov, M. Nasiriavanaki, V. Tsytsarev, A. V. Demchenko, and L. V. Wang, “Noninvasive photoacoustic computed tomography of mouse brain metabolism in vivo,” Neuroimage 64, 257–266 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yao, L.

L. Yao, L. Xi, and H. Jiang, “Photoacoustic computed microscopy,” Sci. Rep. 4, 4960 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yeh, T. C.

J. C. Hsieh, C. H. Tu, F. P. Chen, M. C. Chen, T. C. Yeh, H. C. Cheng, Y. T. Wu, R. S. Liu, and L. T. Ho, “Activation of the hypothalamus characterises the acupuncture stimulation at the analgesic point in the human: a PET Study,” Neurosci. Lett. 307(2), 105–108 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yie, Y. S.

B. Liu, Q. F. Meng, Y. S. Yie, D. J. Zhou, S. G. Dong, X. Liu, and C. X. Sang, “CT perfusion imaging and pathology in experimental cerebral hypoperfusion model treated by electroacupuncture,” J. Practical Radiol. 23, 963–965 (2007).

Yin, C. S.

H. J. Park, S. Lim, W. S. Joo, C. S. Yin, H. S. Lee, H. J. Lee, J. C. Seo, K. Leem, Y. S. Son, Y. J. Kim, C. J. Kim, Y. S. Kim, and J. H. Chung, “Acupuncture prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal death in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in the rat Parkinson’s disease model,” Exp. Neurol. 180(1), 93–98 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yoneda, M.

N. Tanahashi, J. Shikami, M. Yoneda, and T. Ishida, “Effects of Manual Acupuncture at GB34 on Carbon tetrachloride-induced Acute Liver Injury in Rats,” J. Acupunct. Meridian Stud. 4(4), 214–219 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yu, J.

X. Zhang, B. Wu, K. Nie, Y. Jia, and J. Yu, “Effects of acupuncture on declined cerebral blood flow, impaired mitochondrial respiratory function and oxidative stress in multi-infarct dementia rats,” Neurochem. Int. 65, 23–29 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yuan, Z.

Q. Zhang, Z. Liu, P. R. Carney, Z. Yuan, H. Chen, S. N. Roper, and H. Jiang, “Non-invasive imaging of epileptic seizures in vivo using photoacoustic tomography,” Phys. Med. Biol. 53(7), 1921–1931 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zeng, F.

M. L. Liu, L. Lan, F. Zeng, X. Z. Li, X. G. Liu, and F. R. Liang, “Quality control of the research on mechanisms of acupuncture therapy by using PET-CT imaging techniques,” Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 35(1), 67–70 (2010).
[PubMed]

Zeng, Y. W.

W. T. Zhang, Z. Jin, G. H. Cui, K. L. Zhang, L. Zhang, Y. W. Zeng, F. Luo, A. C. N. Chen, and J. S. Han, “Relations between brain network activation and analgesic effect induced by low vs. high frequency electrical acupoint stimulation in different subjects: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study,” Brain Res. 982(2), 168–178 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, G.

X. Lai, G. Zhang, Y. Huang, C. Tang, J. Yang, S. Wang, and S. F. Zhou, “A cerebral functional imaging study by positron emission tomography in healthy volunteers receiving true or sham acupuncture needling,” Neurosci. Lett. 452(2), 194–199 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, K. L.

W. T. Zhang, Z. Jin, G. H. Cui, K. L. Zhang, L. Zhang, Y. W. Zeng, F. Luo, A. C. N. Chen, and J. S. Han, “Relations between brain network activation and analgesic effect induced by low vs. high frequency electrical acupoint stimulation in different subjects: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study,” Brain Res. 982(2), 168–178 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, L.

W. T. Zhang, Z. Jin, G. H. Cui, K. L. Zhang, L. Zhang, Y. W. Zeng, F. Luo, A. C. N. Chen, and J. S. Han, “Relations between brain network activation and analgesic effect induced by low vs. high frequency electrical acupoint stimulation in different subjects: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study,” Brain Res. 982(2), 168–178 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, Q.

L. Xiang, L. Ji, T. Zhang, B. Wang, J. Yang, Q. Zhang, M. S. Jiang, J. Zhou, P. R. Carney, and H. Jiang, “Noninvasive real time tomographic imaging of epileptic foci and networks,” Neuroimage 66, 240–248 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Wang, L. Xiang, M. S. Jiang, J. Yang, Q. Zhang, P. R. Carney, and H. Jiang, “Photoacoustic tomography system for noninvasive real-time three-dimensional imaging of epilepsy,” Biomed. Opt. Express 3(6), 1427–1432 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Q. Zhang, Z. Liu, P. R. Carney, Z. Yuan, H. Chen, S. N. Roper, and H. Jiang, “Non-invasive imaging of epileptic seizures in vivo using photoacoustic tomography,” Phys. Med. Biol. 53(7), 1921–1931 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, T.

L. Xiang, L. Ji, T. Zhang, B. Wang, J. Yang, Q. Zhang, M. S. Jiang, J. Zhou, P. R. Carney, and H. Jiang, “Noninvasive real time tomographic imaging of epileptic foci and networks,” Neuroimage 66, 240–248 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, W. T.

W. T. Zhang, Z. Jin, G. H. Cui, K. L. Zhang, L. Zhang, Y. W. Zeng, F. Luo, A. C. N. Chen, and J. S. Han, “Relations between brain network activation and analgesic effect induced by low vs. high frequency electrical acupoint stimulation in different subjects: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study,” Brain Res. 982(2), 168–178 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, X.

X. Zhang, B. Wu, K. Nie, Y. Jia, and J. Yu, “Effects of acupuncture on declined cerebral blood flow, impaired mitochondrial respiratory function and oxidative stress in multi-infarct dementia rats,” Neurochem. Int. 65, 23–29 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. F. Qian, X. N. Fan, Y. J. Li, Y. N. Zhang, Y. Y. Wei, X. Zhang, H. Q. Wu, S. Wang, and X. M. Shi, “Effects of acupuncture at different acupoints on cerebral blood flow in cerebral ischemia model rats,” Zhongguo Zhenjiu 29(3), 213–216 (2009).
[PubMed]

Zhang, Y. M.

H. Xu, H. Sun, S. H. Chen, Y. M. Zhang, Y. L. Piao, and Y. Gao, “Effects of acupuncture at Baihui (DU20) and Zusanli (ST36) on the expression of heat shock protein 70 and tumor necrosis factor α in the peripheral serum of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion-injured rats,” Chin. J. Integr. Med. 20(5), 369–374 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, Y. N.

Y. F. Qian, X. N. Fan, Y. J. Li, Y. N. Zhang, Y. Y. Wei, X. Zhang, H. Q. Wu, S. Wang, and X. M. Shi, “Effects of acupuncture at different acupoints on cerebral blood flow in cerebral ischemia model rats,” Zhongguo Zhenjiu 29(3), 213–216 (2009).
[PubMed]

Zhao, B.

W. Qin, J. Tian, L. Bai, X. Pan, L. Yang, P. Chen, J. Dai, L. Ai, B. Zhao, Q. Gong, W. Wang, K. M. von Deneen, and Y. Liu, “FMRI connectivity analysis of acupuncture effects on an amygdala-associated brain network,” Mol. Pain 4(1), 55 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhou, D. J.

B. Liu, Q. F. Meng, Y. S. Yie, D. J. Zhou, S. G. Dong, X. Liu, and C. X. Sang, “CT perfusion imaging and pathology in experimental cerebral hypoperfusion model treated by electroacupuncture,” J. Practical Radiol. 23, 963–965 (2007).

Zhou, J.

L. Xiang, L. Ji, T. Zhang, B. Wang, J. Yang, Q. Zhang, M. S. Jiang, J. Zhou, P. R. Carney, and H. Jiang, “Noninvasive real time tomographic imaging of epileptic foci and networks,” Neuroimage 66, 240–248 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhou, S. F.

X. Lai, G. Zhang, Y. Huang, C. Tang, J. Yang, S. Wang, and S. F. Zhou, “A cerebral functional imaging study by positron emission tomography in healthy volunteers receiving true or sham acupuncture needling,” Neurosci. Lett. 452(2), 194–199 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zou, J.

J. Yao, L. Wang, J. M. Yang, K. I. Maslov, T. T. W. Wong, L. Li, C. H. Huang, J. Zou, and L. V. Wang, “High-speed label-free functional photoacoustic microscopy of mouse brain in action,” Nat. Methods 12(5), 407–410 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Am. J. Chin. Med. (1)

C. M. Chuang, C. L. Hsieh, T. C. Li, and J. G. Lin, “Acupuncture stimulation at Baihui acupoint reduced cerebral infarct and increased dopamine levels in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and ischemia-reperfusion injured Sprague-Dawley rats,” Am. J. Chin. Med. 35(5), 779–791 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. (1)

J. S. Han and L. Terenius, “Neurochemical basis of acupuncture analgesia,” Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 22(1), 193–220 (1982).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Biomed. Opt. Express (2)

Brain Res. (1)

W. T. Zhang, Z. Jin, G. H. Cui, K. L. Zhang, L. Zhang, Y. W. Zeng, F. Luo, A. C. N. Chen, and J. S. Han, “Relations between brain network activation and analgesic effect induced by low vs. high frequency electrical acupoint stimulation in different subjects: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study,” Brain Res. 982(2), 168–178 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chin. J. Integr. Med. (1)

H. Xu, H. Sun, S. H. Chen, Y. M. Zhang, Y. L. Piao, and Y. Gao, “Effects of acupuncture at Baihui (DU20) and Zusanli (ST36) on the expression of heat shock protein 70 and tumor necrosis factor α in the peripheral serum of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion-injured rats,” Chin. J. Integr. Med. 20(5), 369–374 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Curr. Drug Saf. (1)

Y. Fujii, “Clinical Management of Postoperative Vomiting After Strabismus Surgery in Children,” Curr. Drug Saf. 5(2), 132–148 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Eur. J. Pharmacol. (1)

X. L. He, Y. H. Wang, M. G. Bi, and G. H. Du, “Chrysin improves cognitive deficits and brain damage induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats,” Eur. J. Pharmacol. 680(1-3), 41–48 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Exp. Neurol. (1)

H. J. Park, S. Lim, W. S. Joo, C. S. Yin, H. S. Lee, H. J. Lee, J. C. Seo, K. Leem, Y. S. Son, Y. J. Kim, C. J. Kim, Y. S. Kim, and J. H. Chung, “Acupuncture prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal death in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in the rat Parkinson’s disease model,” Exp. Neurol. 180(1), 93–98 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Acupunct. Meridian Stud. (1)

N. Tanahashi, J. Shikami, M. Yoneda, and T. Ishida, “Effects of Manual Acupuncture at GB34 on Carbon tetrachloride-induced Acute Liver Injury in Rats,” J. Acupunct. Meridian Stud. 4(4), 214–219 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Practical Radiol. (1)

B. Liu, Q. F. Meng, Y. S. Yie, D. J. Zhou, S. G. Dong, X. Liu, and C. X. Sang, “CT perfusion imaging and pathology in experimental cerebral hypoperfusion model treated by electroacupuncture,” J. Practical Radiol. 23, 963–965 (2007).

J. Tradit. Chin. Med. (1)

J. Lü, “The clinical application of yanglingquan (GB 34) point,” J. Tradit. Chin. Med. 13(3), 179–181 (1993).
[PubMed]

Mol. Pain (1)

W. Qin, J. Tian, L. Bai, X. Pan, L. Yang, P. Chen, J. Dai, L. Ai, B. Zhao, Q. Gong, W. Wang, K. M. von Deneen, and Y. Liu, “FMRI connectivity analysis of acupuncture effects on an amygdala-associated brain network,” Mol. Pain 4(1), 55 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nat. Methods (1)

J. Yao, L. Wang, J. M. Yang, K. I. Maslov, T. T. W. Wong, L. Li, C. H. Huang, J. Zou, and L. V. Wang, “High-speed label-free functional photoacoustic microscopy of mouse brain in action,” Nat. Methods 12(5), 407–410 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Neurochem. Int. (1)

X. Zhang, B. Wu, K. Nie, Y. Jia, and J. Yu, “Effects of acupuncture on declined cerebral blood flow, impaired mitochondrial respiratory function and oxidative stress in multi-infarct dementia rats,” Neurochem. Int. 65, 23–29 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Neuroimage (2)

J. Yao, J. Xia, K. I. Maslov, M. Nasiriavanaki, V. Tsytsarev, A. V. Demchenko, and L. V. Wang, “Noninvasive photoacoustic computed tomography of mouse brain metabolism in vivo,” Neuroimage 64, 257–266 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Xiang, L. Ji, T. Zhang, B. Wang, J. Yang, Q. Zhang, M. S. Jiang, J. Zhou, P. R. Carney, and H. Jiang, “Noninvasive real time tomographic imaging of epileptic foci and networks,” Neuroimage 66, 240–248 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Neurol. Sci. (1)

C. Z. Liu, Z. G. Li, D. J. Wang, G. X. Shi, L. Y. Liu, Q. Q. Li, and C. Li, “Effect of acupuncture on hippocampal Ref-1 expression in cerebral multi-infarction rats,” Neurol. Sci. 34(3), 305–312 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Neurosci. Lett. (3)

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Phys. Med. Biol. (1)

Q. Zhang, Z. Liu, P. R. Carney, Z. Yuan, H. Chen, S. N. Roper, and H. Jiang, “Non-invasive imaging of epileptic seizures in vivo using photoacoustic tomography,” Phys. Med. Biol. 53(7), 1921–1931 (2008).
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PLoS One (2)

E. Guevara, R. Berti, I. Londono, N. Xie, P. Bellec, F. Lesage, and G. A. Lodygensky, “Imaging of an inflammatory injury in the newborn rat brain with photoacoustic tomography,” PLoS One 8(12), e83045 (2013).
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Sci. Rep. (1)

L. Yao, L. Xi, and H. Jiang, “Photoacoustic computed microscopy,” Sci. Rep. 4, 4960 (2014).
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Zhen Ci Yan Jiu (1)

M. L. Liu, L. Lan, F. Zeng, X. Z. Li, X. G. Liu, and F. R. Liang, “Quality control of the research on mechanisms of acupuncture therapy by using PET-CT imaging techniques,” Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 35(1), 67–70 (2010).
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Zhongguo Zhenjiu (1)

Y. F. Qian, X. N. Fan, Y. J. Li, Y. N. Zhang, Y. Y. Wei, X. Zhang, H. Q. Wu, S. Wang, and X. M. Shi, “Effects of acupuncture at different acupoints on cerebral blood flow in cerebral ischemia model rats,” Zhongguo Zhenjiu 29(3), 213–216 (2009).
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Other (1)

H. B. Jiang, Photoacoustic Tomography, (CRC Press, 2014).

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Figures (6)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 The schematic of imaging system.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 PAT images of brain under acupuncture on the left (a) or right (b) GB34 point for a representative normal mouse. The images are given at different time points (0min-right before the start of acupuncture, and 2.5-15min after the start of acupuncture). The color scale indicates the relative strength of photoacoustic signal.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Comparison in relative increase of HbT for acupuncture on left GB34 and sham points (a) and on right GB34 and sham points (b). Two pairs of boxes in (a) and (b) represent the statistical average with standard deviation in ROI1 or ROI2.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 PAT imaging of cerebral hypoperfusion during acupuncture.; (a) Photograph of mouse brain with scalp stripped; five blood vessels are indicated by arrows . (b) PAT images at different time points (0-25 min after acupuncture). Five arrows in the first image are corresponding to that in the photograph. Three ROIs are marked in the second PAT image for the calculation of HbT concentration; (c) The relative variation of vessel size along the black dotted line in the first image in (b) ;(d) Quantitative plots of HbT concentration over time in three ROIs.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 LSI of cerebral hypoperfusion during acupuncture. (a) Photograph of mouse brain with scalp stripped; (b) LSI images at different time points (0-25 min after acupuncture). Five arrows in the first image indicate the same blood vessels as that in Fig. 4, and the same three ROIs were assigned for the calculation of CBF; (c) Fused image of PAT and LSI; (d) CBF over time in the three ROIs.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 Averaged HbT (a) and CBF (b) with standard deviations over time during acupuncture for the three ROIs.

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Tables (1)

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Table 1 Calculations of relative light absorption(RLA) in ROI1 and ROI2, and percentage and absolute differences in RLA between ROI1 and ROI2 upon acupuncture at left or right GB34

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