Abstract

Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a malignant tumor of the head and neck, which is extremely sensitive to radiotherapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of a label-free nanobiosensor based on plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to assess the radiotherapy effect in NPC. Here, SERS measurements were performed on plasma samples from 40 pre-treatment and post-treatment NPC as well as 30 healthy volunteers. Results demonstrate that the spectral characteristic of post-treatment samples is obviously different from that of pre-treatment ones, owing to the changes of biomolecules in plasma induced by radiotherapy. Classification sensitivities of 83.3%, 61.8% and 95.1%, and specificities of 91.2%, 67.4% and 93% can be achieved for separating pre- and post-treatment samples, post-treatment and normal samples, and pre-treatment and normal samples, respectively, suggesting the great potential of plasma SERS method as a rapid and convenient tool for radiotherapy assessment and cancer screening in NPC.

© 2018 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

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Corrections

Qiong Wu, Sufang Qiu, Yun Yu, Weiwei Chen, Huijing Lin, Duo Lin, Shangyuan Feng, and Rong Chen, "Assessment of radiotherapy effect for nasopharyngeal cancer using plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy technology: errata," Biomed. Opt. Express 12, 2557-2558 (2021)
https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?uri=boe-12-5-2557
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References

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  23. M. Culha, D. Stokes, and T. Vo-Dinh, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering for cancer diagnostics: detection of the BCL2 gene,” Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. 3(5), 669–675 (2003).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  24. J. D. Driskell, A. G. Seto, L. P. Jones, S. Jokela, R. A. Dluhy, Y. P. Zhao, and R. A. Tripp, “Rapid microRNA (miRNA) detection and classification via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS),” Biosens. Bioelectron. 24(4), 923–928 (2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  25. X. Huang, I. H. El-Sayed, W. Qian, and M. A. El-Sayed, “Cancer Cells Assemble and Align Gold Nanorods Conjugated to Antibodies to Produce Highly Enhanced, Sharp, and Polarized Surface Raman Spectra: A potential Cancer Diagnostic Marker,” Nano Lett. 7(6), 1591–1597 (2007).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  26. S. Lee, H. Chon, M. Lee, J. Choo, S. Y. Shin, Y. H. Lee, I. J. Rhyu, S. W. Son, and C. H. Oh, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering imaging of HER2 cancer markers overexpressed in single MCF7 cells using antibody conjugated hollow gold nanospheres,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 24(7), 2260–2263 (2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  27. D. Rohleder, W. Kiefer, and W. Petrich, “Quantitative analysis of serum and serum ultrafiltrate by means of Raman spectroscopy,” Analyst (Lond.) 129(10), 906–911 (2004).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  28. K. Virkler and I. K. Lednev, “Blood species identification for forensic purposes using Raman spectroscopy combined with advanced statistical analysis,” Anal. Chem. 81(18), 7773–7777 (2009).
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    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref]
  31. G. Trachta, B. Schwarze, B. Sägmüller, G. Brehm, and S. Schneider, “Combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and SERS detection applied to the analysis of drugs in human blood and urine,” J. Mol. Model. 693(1–3), 175–185 (2004).
  32. P. H. Hsu and H. K. Chiang, “Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy for quantitative measurement of lactic acid at physiological concentration in human serum,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 41(12), 1320–1324 (2011).
  33. R. Liu, X. Zi, Y. Kang, M. Si, and Y. Wu, “Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering study of human serum on PVA−Ag nanofilm prepared by using electrostatic self‐assembly,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 42(2), 137–144 (2015).
    [Crossref]
  34. A. N. Leopold and B. Lendl, “A New Method for Fast Preparation of Highly Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Active Silver Colloids at Room Temperature by Reduction of Silver Nitrate with Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride,” J. Phys. Chem. B 107(24), 5723–5727 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  35. J. Zhao, H. Lui, D. I. McLean, and H. Zeng, “Automated autofluorescence background subtraction algorithm for biomedical Raman spectroscopy,” Appl. Spectrosc. 61(11), 1225–1232 (2007).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  36. T. A. Lasko, J. G. Bhagwat, K. H. Zou, and L. Ohno-Machado, “The use of receiver operating characteristic curves in biomedical informatics,” J. Biomed. Inform. 38(5), 404–415 (2005).
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  39. J. W. Chan, D. S. Taylor, T. Zwerdling, S. M. Lane, K. Ihara, and T. Huser, “Micro-Raman spectroscopy detects individual neoplastic and normal hematopoietic cells,” Biophys. J. 90(2), 648–656 (2006).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  40. Y. Li, Z. N. Wen, L. J. Li, M. L. Li, N. Gao, and Y. Z. Guo, “Research on the Raman spectral character and diagnostic value of squamous cell carcinoma of oral mucosa,” Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 41(2), 142–147 (2010).
  41. S. Feng, R. Chen, J. Lin, J. Pan, Y. Wu, Y. Li, J. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Gastric cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy excited by polarized laser light,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 26(7), 3167–3174 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  42. D. Lin, S. Feng, J. Pan, Y. Chen, J. Lin, G. Chen, S. Xie, H. Zeng, and R. Chen, “Colorectal cancer detection by gold nanoparticle based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of blood serum and statistical analysis,” Opt. Express 19(14), 13565–13577 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  43. J. Lin, R. Chen, S. Feng, J. Pan, Y. Li, G. Chen, M. Cheng, Z. Huang, Y. Yu, and H. Zeng, “A novel blood plasma analysis technique combining membrane electrophoresis with silver nanoparticle-based SERS spectroscopy for potential applications in noninvasive cancer detection,” Nanomedicine (Lond.) 7(5), 655–663 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  44. S. Feng, D. Lin, J. Lin, B. Li, Z. Huang, G. Chen, W. Zhang, L. Wang, J. Pan, R. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for non-invasive optical detection of cervical cancer,” Analyst (Lond.) 138(14), 3967–3974 (2013).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  45. H. Wang, N. Huang, J. Zhao, H. Lui, M. Korbelik, and H. Zeng, “Depth‐resolved in vivo micro‐Raman spectroscopy of a murine skin tumor model reveals cancer‐specific spectral biomarkers,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 42(2), 160–166 (2011).
    [Crossref]
  46. X. Lin, D. Lin, X. Ge, S. Qiu, S. Feng, and R. Chen, “Noninvasive detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on saliva proteins using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 22(10), 1–6 (2017).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  47. A. Bonifacio, S. Cervo, and V. Sergo, “Label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of biofluids: fundamental aspects and diagnostic applications,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 407(27), 8265–8277 (2015).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]

2017 (3)

M. A. Mohammed, M. K. A. Ghani, R. I. Hamed, and D. A. Ibrahim, “Review on Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: concepts, methods of analysis, segmentation, classification, prediction and impact: a review of the research literature,” J. Comput. Sci. 21, 283–298 (2017).
[Crossref]

C. S. Ho, “Beating ‘Guangdong cancer’: a review and update on nasopharyngeal cancer,” Hong Kong Med. J. 23(5), 497–502 (2017).
[PubMed]

X. Lin, D. Lin, X. Ge, S. Qiu, S. Feng, and R. Chen, “Noninvasive detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on saliva proteins using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 22(10), 1–6 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2016 (1)

F. Lussier, T. Brulé, M. Vishwakarma, T. Das, J. P. Spatz, and J. F. Masson, “Dynamic-SERS optophysiology: a nanosensor for monitoring cell secretion events,” Nano Lett. 16(6), 3866–3871 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2015 (5)

D. Lin, G. Chen, S. Feng, J. Pan, J. Lin, Z. Huang, and R. Chen, “Development of a rapid macro-Raman spectroscopy system for nasopharyngeal cancer detection based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 106(1), 013701 (2015).
[Crossref]

R. Liu, X. Zi, Y. Kang, M. Si, and Y. Wu, “Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering study of human serum on PVA−Ag nanofilm prepared by using electrostatic self‐assembly,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 42(2), 137–144 (2015).
[Crossref]

L. A. Torre, F. Bray, R. L. Siegel, J. Ferlay, J. Lortet-Tieulent, and A. Jemal, “Global cancer statistics, 2012,” CA Cancer J. Clin. 65(2), 87–108 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. W. Lee, B. B. Ma, W. T. Ng, and A. T. Chan, “Management of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Current Practice and Future Perspective,” J. Clin. Oncol. 33(29), 3356–3364 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Bonifacio, S. Cervo, and V. Sergo, “Label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of biofluids: fundamental aspects and diagnostic applications,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 407(27), 8265–8277 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2013 (1)

S. Feng, D. Lin, J. Lin, B. Li, Z. Huang, G. Chen, W. Zhang, L. Wang, J. Pan, R. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for non-invasive optical detection of cervical cancer,” Analyst (Lond.) 138(14), 3967–3974 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2012 (2)

J. Pan, L. Zang, Y. Zhang, J. Hong, Y. Yao, C. Zou, L. Zhang, and Y. Chen, “Early changes in apparent diffusion coefficients predict radiosensitivity of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenografts,” Laryngoscope 122(4), 839–843 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. L. Han, X. Y. Xu, C. Z. Zhang, J. J. Wu, C. F. Han, H. Wang, X. Wang, G. S. Wang, S. J. Yang, and Y. Xie, “Systematic review on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Asian populations,” Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 13(6), 2577–2581 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2011 (6)

W. T. Ng, M. C. Lee, W. M. Hung, C. W. Choi, K. C. Lee, O. S. Chan, and A. W. Lee, “Clinical outcomes and patterns of failure after intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 79(2), 420–428 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. H. Hsu and H. K. Chiang, “Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy for quantitative measurement of lactic acid at physiological concentration in human serum,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 41(12), 1320–1324 (2011).

H. Wang, N. Huang, J. Zhao, H. Lui, M. Korbelik, and H. Zeng, “Depth‐resolved in vivo micro‐Raman spectroscopy of a murine skin tumor model reveals cancer‐specific spectral biomarkers,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 42(2), 160–166 (2011).
[Crossref]

S. Feng, R. Chen, J. Lin, J. Pan, Y. Wu, Y. Li, J. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Gastric cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy excited by polarized laser light,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 26(7), 3167–3174 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Lin, S. Feng, J. Pan, Y. Chen, J. Lin, G. Chen, S. Xie, H. Zeng, and R. Chen, “Colorectal cancer detection by gold nanoparticle based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of blood serum and statistical analysis,” Opt. Express 19(14), 13565–13577 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Lin, R. Chen, S. Feng, J. Pan, Y. Li, G. Chen, M. Cheng, Z. Huang, Y. Yu, and H. Zeng, “A novel blood plasma analysis technique combining membrane electrophoresis with silver nanoparticle-based SERS spectroscopy for potential applications in noninvasive cancer detection,” Nanomedicine (Lond.) 7(5), 655–663 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2010 (4)

Y. Li, Z. N. Wen, L. J. Li, M. L. Li, N. Gao, and Y. Z. Guo, “Research on the Raman spectral character and diagnostic value of squamous cell carcinoma of oral mucosa,” Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 41(2), 142–147 (2010).

M. Verheij, C. Vens, and B. van Triest, “Novel therapeutics in combination with radiotherapy to improve cancer treatment: rationale, mechanisms of action and clinical perspective,” Drug Resist. Updat. 13(1-2), 29–43 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Feng, R. Chen, J. Lin, J. Pan, G. Chen, Y. Li, M. Cheng, Z. Huang, J. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Nasopharyngeal cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 25(11), 2414–2419 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Koutcher, N. Lee, M. Zelefsky, K. Chan, G. Cohen, D. Pfister, D. Kraus, and S. Wolden, “Reirradiation of locally recurrent nasopharynx cancer with external beam radiotherapy with or without brachytherapy,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 76(1), 130–137 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2009 (4)

K. Virkler and I. K. Lednev, “Blood species identification for forensic purposes using Raman spectroscopy combined with advanced statistical analysis,” Anal. Chem. 81(18), 7773–7777 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. W. Han, X. L. Yan, R. X. Dong, G. Ban, and K. Li, “Analysis of serum from type II diabetes mellitus and diabetic complication using surface-enhanced Raman spectra (SERS),” Appl. Phys. B 94(4), 667–672 (2009).
[Crossref]

S. Feng, J. Lin, M. Cheng, Y. Z. Li, G. Chen, Z. Huang, Y. Yu, R. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Gold nanoparticle based surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy of cancerous and normal nasopharyngeal tissues under near-infrared laser excitation,” Appl. Spectrosc. 63(10), 1089–1094 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Lee, H. Chon, M. Lee, J. Choo, S. Y. Shin, Y. H. Lee, I. J. Rhyu, S. W. Son, and C. H. Oh, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering imaging of HER2 cancer markers overexpressed in single MCF7 cells using antibody conjugated hollow gold nanospheres,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 24(7), 2260–2263 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2008 (1)

J. D. Driskell, A. G. Seto, L. P. Jones, S. Jokela, R. A. Dluhy, Y. P. Zhao, and R. A. Tripp, “Rapid microRNA (miRNA) detection and classification via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS),” Biosens. Bioelectron. 24(4), 923–928 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2007 (3)

X. Huang, I. H. El-Sayed, W. Qian, and M. A. El-Sayed, “Cancer Cells Assemble and Align Gold Nanorods Conjugated to Antibodies to Produce Highly Enhanced, Sharp, and Polarized Surface Raman Spectra: A potential Cancer Diagnostic Marker,” Nano Lett. 7(6), 1591–1597 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Zhao, H. Lui, D. I. McLean, and H. Zeng, “Automated autofluorescence background subtraction algorithm for biomedical Raman spectroscopy,” Appl. Spectrosc. 61(11), 1225–1232 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. O’Sullivan, “Nasopharynx cancer: therapeutic value of chemoradiotherapy,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 69(2Suppl), S118–S121 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2006 (1)

J. W. Chan, D. S. Taylor, T. Zwerdling, S. M. Lane, K. Ihara, and T. Huser, “Micro-Raman spectroscopy detects individual neoplastic and normal hematopoietic cells,” Biophys. J. 90(2), 648–656 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2005 (2)

W. I. Wei and J. S. Sham, “Nasopharyngeal carcinoma,” Lancet 365(9476), 2041–2054 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. A. Lasko, J. G. Bhagwat, K. H. Zou, and L. Ohno-Machado, “The use of receiver operating characteristic curves in biomedical informatics,” J. Biomed. Inform. 38(5), 404–415 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2004 (4)

G. Trachta, B. Schwarze, B. Sägmüller, G. Brehm, and S. Schneider, “Combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and SERS detection applied to the analysis of drugs in human blood and urine,” J. Mol. Model. 693(1–3), 175–185 (2004).

D. Rohleder, W. Kiefer, and W. Petrich, “Quantitative analysis of serum and serum ultrafiltrate by means of Raman spectroscopy,” Analyst (Lond.) 129(10), 906–911 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. M. Krishna, G. D. Sockalingum, J. Kurien, L. Rao, L. Venteo, M. Pluot, M. Manfait, and V. B. Kartha, “Micro-Raman spectroscopy for optical pathology of oral squamous cell carcinoma,” Appl. Spectrosc. 58(9), 1128–1135 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. W. Lo, K. F. To, and D. P. Huang, “Focus on nasopharyngeal carcinoma,” Cancer Cell 5(5), 423–428 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2003 (3)

M. Culha, D. Stokes, and T. Vo-Dinh, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering for cancer diagnostics: detection of the BCL2 gene,” Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. 3(5), 669–675 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Z. Huang, A. McWilliams, H. Lui, D. I. McLean, S. Lam, and H. Zeng, “Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy for optical diagnosis of lung cancer,” Int. J. Cancer 107(6), 1047–1052 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. N. Leopold and B. Lendl, “A New Method for Fast Preparation of Highly Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Active Silver Colloids at Room Temperature by Reduction of Silver Nitrate with Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride,” J. Phys. Chem. B 107(24), 5723–5727 (2003).
[Crossref]

2002 (1)

L. B. Harrison, M. Chadha, R. J. Hill, K. Hu, and D. Shasha, “Impact of tumor hypoxia and anemia on radiation therapy outcomes,” Oncologist 7(6), 492–508 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1997 (1)

S. H. Ng, T. C. Chang, S. F. Ko, P. S. Yen, Y. L. Wan, L. M. Tang, and M. H. Tsai, “Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: MRI and CT assessment,” Neuroradiology 39(10), 741–746 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1993 (1)

M. A. Hunt, G. J. Kutcher, C. Burman, D. Fass, L. Harrison, S. Leibel, and Z. Fuks, “The effect of setup uncertainties on the treatment of nasopharynx cancer,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 27(2), 437–447 (1993).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1988 (1)

I. R. Nabiev, R. G. Efremov, and G. D. Chumanov, “New instruments and measurement methods: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering and its application to the study of biological molecules,” Sov. Phys. Usp. 31(3), 241–262 (1988).
[Crossref]

Ban, G.

H. W. Han, X. L. Yan, R. X. Dong, G. Ban, and K. Li, “Analysis of serum from type II diabetes mellitus and diabetic complication using surface-enhanced Raman spectra (SERS),” Appl. Phys. B 94(4), 667–672 (2009).
[Crossref]

Bhagwat, J. G.

T. A. Lasko, J. G. Bhagwat, K. H. Zou, and L. Ohno-Machado, “The use of receiver operating characteristic curves in biomedical informatics,” J. Biomed. Inform. 38(5), 404–415 (2005).
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Bonifacio, A.

A. Bonifacio, S. Cervo, and V. Sergo, “Label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of biofluids: fundamental aspects and diagnostic applications,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 407(27), 8265–8277 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bray, F.

L. A. Torre, F. Bray, R. L. Siegel, J. Ferlay, J. Lortet-Tieulent, and A. Jemal, “Global cancer statistics, 2012,” CA Cancer J. Clin. 65(2), 87–108 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Brehm, G.

G. Trachta, B. Schwarze, B. Sägmüller, G. Brehm, and S. Schneider, “Combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and SERS detection applied to the analysis of drugs in human blood and urine,” J. Mol. Model. 693(1–3), 175–185 (2004).

Brulé, T.

F. Lussier, T. Brulé, M. Vishwakarma, T. Das, J. P. Spatz, and J. F. Masson, “Dynamic-SERS optophysiology: a nanosensor for monitoring cell secretion events,” Nano Lett. 16(6), 3866–3871 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Burman, C.

M. A. Hunt, G. J. Kutcher, C. Burman, D. Fass, L. Harrison, S. Leibel, and Z. Fuks, “The effect of setup uncertainties on the treatment of nasopharynx cancer,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 27(2), 437–447 (1993).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cervo, S.

A. Bonifacio, S. Cervo, and V. Sergo, “Label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of biofluids: fundamental aspects and diagnostic applications,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 407(27), 8265–8277 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chadha, M.

L. B. Harrison, M. Chadha, R. J. Hill, K. Hu, and D. Shasha, “Impact of tumor hypoxia and anemia on radiation therapy outcomes,” Oncologist 7(6), 492–508 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chan, A. T.

A. W. Lee, B. B. Ma, W. T. Ng, and A. T. Chan, “Management of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Current Practice and Future Perspective,” J. Clin. Oncol. 33(29), 3356–3364 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chan, J. W.

J. W. Chan, D. S. Taylor, T. Zwerdling, S. M. Lane, K. Ihara, and T. Huser, “Micro-Raman spectroscopy detects individual neoplastic and normal hematopoietic cells,” Biophys. J. 90(2), 648–656 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chan, K.

L. Koutcher, N. Lee, M. Zelefsky, K. Chan, G. Cohen, D. Pfister, D. Kraus, and S. Wolden, “Reirradiation of locally recurrent nasopharynx cancer with external beam radiotherapy with or without brachytherapy,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 76(1), 130–137 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chan, O. S.

W. T. Ng, M. C. Lee, W. M. Hung, C. W. Choi, K. C. Lee, O. S. Chan, and A. W. Lee, “Clinical outcomes and patterns of failure after intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 79(2), 420–428 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chang, T. C.

S. H. Ng, T. C. Chang, S. F. Ko, P. S. Yen, Y. L. Wan, L. M. Tang, and M. H. Tsai, “Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: MRI and CT assessment,” Neuroradiology 39(10), 741–746 (1997).
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Chen, G.

D. Lin, G. Chen, S. Feng, J. Pan, J. Lin, Z. Huang, and R. Chen, “Development of a rapid macro-Raman spectroscopy system for nasopharyngeal cancer detection based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 106(1), 013701 (2015).
[Crossref]

S. Feng, D. Lin, J. Lin, B. Li, Z. Huang, G. Chen, W. Zhang, L. Wang, J. Pan, R. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for non-invasive optical detection of cervical cancer,” Analyst (Lond.) 138(14), 3967–3974 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Lin, S. Feng, J. Pan, Y. Chen, J. Lin, G. Chen, S. Xie, H. Zeng, and R. Chen, “Colorectal cancer detection by gold nanoparticle based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of blood serum and statistical analysis,” Opt. Express 19(14), 13565–13577 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Lin, R. Chen, S. Feng, J. Pan, Y. Li, G. Chen, M. Cheng, Z. Huang, Y. Yu, and H. Zeng, “A novel blood plasma analysis technique combining membrane electrophoresis with silver nanoparticle-based SERS spectroscopy for potential applications in noninvasive cancer detection,” Nanomedicine (Lond.) 7(5), 655–663 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Feng, R. Chen, J. Lin, J. Pan, G. Chen, Y. Li, M. Cheng, Z. Huang, J. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Nasopharyngeal cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 25(11), 2414–2419 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Feng, J. Lin, M. Cheng, Y. Z. Li, G. Chen, Z. Huang, Y. Yu, R. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Gold nanoparticle based surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy of cancerous and normal nasopharyngeal tissues under near-infrared laser excitation,” Appl. Spectrosc. 63(10), 1089–1094 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chen, J.

S. Feng, R. Chen, J. Lin, J. Pan, Y. Wu, Y. Li, J. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Gastric cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy excited by polarized laser light,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 26(7), 3167–3174 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Feng, R. Chen, J. Lin, J. Pan, G. Chen, Y. Li, M. Cheng, Z. Huang, J. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Nasopharyngeal cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 25(11), 2414–2419 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chen, R.

X. Lin, D. Lin, X. Ge, S. Qiu, S. Feng, and R. Chen, “Noninvasive detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on saliva proteins using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 22(10), 1–6 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Lin, G. Chen, S. Feng, J. Pan, J. Lin, Z. Huang, and R. Chen, “Development of a rapid macro-Raman spectroscopy system for nasopharyngeal cancer detection based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 106(1), 013701 (2015).
[Crossref]

S. Feng, D. Lin, J. Lin, B. Li, Z. Huang, G. Chen, W. Zhang, L. Wang, J. Pan, R. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for non-invasive optical detection of cervical cancer,” Analyst (Lond.) 138(14), 3967–3974 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Feng, R. Chen, J. Lin, J. Pan, Y. Wu, Y. Li, J. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Gastric cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy excited by polarized laser light,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 26(7), 3167–3174 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Lin, S. Feng, J. Pan, Y. Chen, J. Lin, G. Chen, S. Xie, H. Zeng, and R. Chen, “Colorectal cancer detection by gold nanoparticle based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of blood serum and statistical analysis,” Opt. Express 19(14), 13565–13577 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Lin, R. Chen, S. Feng, J. Pan, Y. Li, G. Chen, M. Cheng, Z. Huang, Y. Yu, and H. Zeng, “A novel blood plasma analysis technique combining membrane electrophoresis with silver nanoparticle-based SERS spectroscopy for potential applications in noninvasive cancer detection,” Nanomedicine (Lond.) 7(5), 655–663 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Feng, R. Chen, J. Lin, J. Pan, G. Chen, Y. Li, M. Cheng, Z. Huang, J. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Nasopharyngeal cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 25(11), 2414–2419 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Feng, J. Lin, M. Cheng, Y. Z. Li, G. Chen, Z. Huang, Y. Yu, R. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Gold nanoparticle based surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy of cancerous and normal nasopharyngeal tissues under near-infrared laser excitation,” Appl. Spectrosc. 63(10), 1089–1094 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chen, Y.

J. Pan, L. Zang, Y. Zhang, J. Hong, Y. Yao, C. Zou, L. Zhang, and Y. Chen, “Early changes in apparent diffusion coefficients predict radiosensitivity of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenografts,” Laryngoscope 122(4), 839–843 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Lin, S. Feng, J. Pan, Y. Chen, J. Lin, G. Chen, S. Xie, H. Zeng, and R. Chen, “Colorectal cancer detection by gold nanoparticle based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of blood serum and statistical analysis,” Opt. Express 19(14), 13565–13577 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cheng, M.

J. Lin, R. Chen, S. Feng, J. Pan, Y. Li, G. Chen, M. Cheng, Z. Huang, Y. Yu, and H. Zeng, “A novel blood plasma analysis technique combining membrane electrophoresis with silver nanoparticle-based SERS spectroscopy for potential applications in noninvasive cancer detection,” Nanomedicine (Lond.) 7(5), 655–663 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Feng, R. Chen, J. Lin, J. Pan, G. Chen, Y. Li, M. Cheng, Z. Huang, J. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Nasopharyngeal cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 25(11), 2414–2419 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Feng, J. Lin, M. Cheng, Y. Z. Li, G. Chen, Z. Huang, Y. Yu, R. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Gold nanoparticle based surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy of cancerous and normal nasopharyngeal tissues under near-infrared laser excitation,” Appl. Spectrosc. 63(10), 1089–1094 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chiang, H. K.

P. H. Hsu and H. K. Chiang, “Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy for quantitative measurement of lactic acid at physiological concentration in human serum,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 41(12), 1320–1324 (2011).

Choi, C. W.

W. T. Ng, M. C. Lee, W. M. Hung, C. W. Choi, K. C. Lee, O. S. Chan, and A. W. Lee, “Clinical outcomes and patterns of failure after intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 79(2), 420–428 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chon, H.

S. Lee, H. Chon, M. Lee, J. Choo, S. Y. Shin, Y. H. Lee, I. J. Rhyu, S. W. Son, and C. H. Oh, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering imaging of HER2 cancer markers overexpressed in single MCF7 cells using antibody conjugated hollow gold nanospheres,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 24(7), 2260–2263 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Choo, J.

S. Lee, H. Chon, M. Lee, J. Choo, S. Y. Shin, Y. H. Lee, I. J. Rhyu, S. W. Son, and C. H. Oh, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering imaging of HER2 cancer markers overexpressed in single MCF7 cells using antibody conjugated hollow gold nanospheres,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 24(7), 2260–2263 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chumanov, G. D.

I. R. Nabiev, R. G. Efremov, and G. D. Chumanov, “New instruments and measurement methods: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering and its application to the study of biological molecules,” Sov. Phys. Usp. 31(3), 241–262 (1988).
[Crossref]

Cohen, G.

L. Koutcher, N. Lee, M. Zelefsky, K. Chan, G. Cohen, D. Pfister, D. Kraus, and S. Wolden, “Reirradiation of locally recurrent nasopharynx cancer with external beam radiotherapy with or without brachytherapy,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 76(1), 130–137 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Culha, M.

M. Culha, D. Stokes, and T. Vo-Dinh, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering for cancer diagnostics: detection of the BCL2 gene,” Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. 3(5), 669–675 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Das, T.

F. Lussier, T. Brulé, M. Vishwakarma, T. Das, J. P. Spatz, and J. F. Masson, “Dynamic-SERS optophysiology: a nanosensor for monitoring cell secretion events,” Nano Lett. 16(6), 3866–3871 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dluhy, R. A.

J. D. Driskell, A. G. Seto, L. P. Jones, S. Jokela, R. A. Dluhy, Y. P. Zhao, and R. A. Tripp, “Rapid microRNA (miRNA) detection and classification via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS),” Biosens. Bioelectron. 24(4), 923–928 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dong, R. X.

H. W. Han, X. L. Yan, R. X. Dong, G. Ban, and K. Li, “Analysis of serum from type II diabetes mellitus and diabetic complication using surface-enhanced Raman spectra (SERS),” Appl. Phys. B 94(4), 667–672 (2009).
[Crossref]

Driskell, J. D.

J. D. Driskell, A. G. Seto, L. P. Jones, S. Jokela, R. A. Dluhy, Y. P. Zhao, and R. A. Tripp, “Rapid microRNA (miRNA) detection and classification via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS),” Biosens. Bioelectron. 24(4), 923–928 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Efremov, R. G.

I. R. Nabiev, R. G. Efremov, and G. D. Chumanov, “New instruments and measurement methods: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering and its application to the study of biological molecules,” Sov. Phys. Usp. 31(3), 241–262 (1988).
[Crossref]

El-Sayed, I. H.

X. Huang, I. H. El-Sayed, W. Qian, and M. A. El-Sayed, “Cancer Cells Assemble and Align Gold Nanorods Conjugated to Antibodies to Produce Highly Enhanced, Sharp, and Polarized Surface Raman Spectra: A potential Cancer Diagnostic Marker,” Nano Lett. 7(6), 1591–1597 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

El-Sayed, M. A.

X. Huang, I. H. El-Sayed, W. Qian, and M. A. El-Sayed, “Cancer Cells Assemble and Align Gold Nanorods Conjugated to Antibodies to Produce Highly Enhanced, Sharp, and Polarized Surface Raman Spectra: A potential Cancer Diagnostic Marker,” Nano Lett. 7(6), 1591–1597 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fass, D.

M. A. Hunt, G. J. Kutcher, C. Burman, D. Fass, L. Harrison, S. Leibel, and Z. Fuks, “The effect of setup uncertainties on the treatment of nasopharynx cancer,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 27(2), 437–447 (1993).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Feng, S.

X. Lin, D. Lin, X. Ge, S. Qiu, S. Feng, and R. Chen, “Noninvasive detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on saliva proteins using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 22(10), 1–6 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Lin, G. Chen, S. Feng, J. Pan, J. Lin, Z. Huang, and R. Chen, “Development of a rapid macro-Raman spectroscopy system for nasopharyngeal cancer detection based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 106(1), 013701 (2015).
[Crossref]

S. Feng, D. Lin, J. Lin, B. Li, Z. Huang, G. Chen, W. Zhang, L. Wang, J. Pan, R. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for non-invasive optical detection of cervical cancer,” Analyst (Lond.) 138(14), 3967–3974 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Lin, R. Chen, S. Feng, J. Pan, Y. Li, G. Chen, M. Cheng, Z. Huang, Y. Yu, and H. Zeng, “A novel blood plasma analysis technique combining membrane electrophoresis with silver nanoparticle-based SERS spectroscopy for potential applications in noninvasive cancer detection,” Nanomedicine (Lond.) 7(5), 655–663 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Lin, S. Feng, J. Pan, Y. Chen, J. Lin, G. Chen, S. Xie, H. Zeng, and R. Chen, “Colorectal cancer detection by gold nanoparticle based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of blood serum and statistical analysis,” Opt. Express 19(14), 13565–13577 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Feng, R. Chen, J. Lin, J. Pan, Y. Wu, Y. Li, J. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Gastric cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy excited by polarized laser light,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 26(7), 3167–3174 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Feng, R. Chen, J. Lin, J. Pan, G. Chen, Y. Li, M. Cheng, Z. Huang, J. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Nasopharyngeal cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 25(11), 2414–2419 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Feng, J. Lin, M. Cheng, Y. Z. Li, G. Chen, Z. Huang, Y. Yu, R. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Gold nanoparticle based surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy of cancerous and normal nasopharyngeal tissues under near-infrared laser excitation,” Appl. Spectrosc. 63(10), 1089–1094 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ferlay, J.

L. A. Torre, F. Bray, R. L. Siegel, J. Ferlay, J. Lortet-Tieulent, and A. Jemal, “Global cancer statistics, 2012,” CA Cancer J. Clin. 65(2), 87–108 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fuks, Z.

M. A. Hunt, G. J. Kutcher, C. Burman, D. Fass, L. Harrison, S. Leibel, and Z. Fuks, “The effect of setup uncertainties on the treatment of nasopharynx cancer,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 27(2), 437–447 (1993).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gao, N.

Y. Li, Z. N. Wen, L. J. Li, M. L. Li, N. Gao, and Y. Z. Guo, “Research on the Raman spectral character and diagnostic value of squamous cell carcinoma of oral mucosa,” Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 41(2), 142–147 (2010).

Ge, X.

X. Lin, D. Lin, X. Ge, S. Qiu, S. Feng, and R. Chen, “Noninvasive detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on saliva proteins using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 22(10), 1–6 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ghani, M. K. A.

M. A. Mohammed, M. K. A. Ghani, R. I. Hamed, and D. A. Ibrahim, “Review on Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: concepts, methods of analysis, segmentation, classification, prediction and impact: a review of the research literature,” J. Comput. Sci. 21, 283–298 (2017).
[Crossref]

Guo, Y. Z.

Y. Li, Z. N. Wen, L. J. Li, M. L. Li, N. Gao, and Y. Z. Guo, “Research on the Raman spectral character and diagnostic value of squamous cell carcinoma of oral mucosa,” Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 41(2), 142–147 (2010).

Hamed, R. I.

M. A. Mohammed, M. K. A. Ghani, R. I. Hamed, and D. A. Ibrahim, “Review on Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: concepts, methods of analysis, segmentation, classification, prediction and impact: a review of the research literature,” J. Comput. Sci. 21, 283–298 (2017).
[Crossref]

Han, B. L.

B. L. Han, X. Y. Xu, C. Z. Zhang, J. J. Wu, C. F. Han, H. Wang, X. Wang, G. S. Wang, S. J. Yang, and Y. Xie, “Systematic review on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Asian populations,” Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 13(6), 2577–2581 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Han, C. F.

B. L. Han, X. Y. Xu, C. Z. Zhang, J. J. Wu, C. F. Han, H. Wang, X. Wang, G. S. Wang, S. J. Yang, and Y. Xie, “Systematic review on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Asian populations,” Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 13(6), 2577–2581 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Han, H. W.

H. W. Han, X. L. Yan, R. X. Dong, G. Ban, and K. Li, “Analysis of serum from type II diabetes mellitus and diabetic complication using surface-enhanced Raman spectra (SERS),” Appl. Phys. B 94(4), 667–672 (2009).
[Crossref]

Harrison, L.

M. A. Hunt, G. J. Kutcher, C. Burman, D. Fass, L. Harrison, S. Leibel, and Z. Fuks, “The effect of setup uncertainties on the treatment of nasopharynx cancer,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 27(2), 437–447 (1993).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Harrison, L. B.

L. B. Harrison, M. Chadha, R. J. Hill, K. Hu, and D. Shasha, “Impact of tumor hypoxia and anemia on radiation therapy outcomes,” Oncologist 7(6), 492–508 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hill, R. J.

L. B. Harrison, M. Chadha, R. J. Hill, K. Hu, and D. Shasha, “Impact of tumor hypoxia and anemia on radiation therapy outcomes,” Oncologist 7(6), 492–508 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ho, C. S.

C. S. Ho, “Beating ‘Guangdong cancer’: a review and update on nasopharyngeal cancer,” Hong Kong Med. J. 23(5), 497–502 (2017).
[PubMed]

Hong, J.

J. Pan, L. Zang, Y. Zhang, J. Hong, Y. Yao, C. Zou, L. Zhang, and Y. Chen, “Early changes in apparent diffusion coefficients predict radiosensitivity of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenografts,” Laryngoscope 122(4), 839–843 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hsu, P. H.

P. H. Hsu and H. K. Chiang, “Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy for quantitative measurement of lactic acid at physiological concentration in human serum,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 41(12), 1320–1324 (2011).

Hu, K.

L. B. Harrison, M. Chadha, R. J. Hill, K. Hu, and D. Shasha, “Impact of tumor hypoxia and anemia on radiation therapy outcomes,” Oncologist 7(6), 492–508 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Huang, D. P.

K. W. Lo, K. F. To, and D. P. Huang, “Focus on nasopharyngeal carcinoma,” Cancer Cell 5(5), 423–428 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Huang, N.

H. Wang, N. Huang, J. Zhao, H. Lui, M. Korbelik, and H. Zeng, “Depth‐resolved in vivo micro‐Raman spectroscopy of a murine skin tumor model reveals cancer‐specific spectral biomarkers,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 42(2), 160–166 (2011).
[Crossref]

Huang, X.

X. Huang, I. H. El-Sayed, W. Qian, and M. A. El-Sayed, “Cancer Cells Assemble and Align Gold Nanorods Conjugated to Antibodies to Produce Highly Enhanced, Sharp, and Polarized Surface Raman Spectra: A potential Cancer Diagnostic Marker,” Nano Lett. 7(6), 1591–1597 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Huang, Z.

D. Lin, G. Chen, S. Feng, J. Pan, J. Lin, Z. Huang, and R. Chen, “Development of a rapid macro-Raman spectroscopy system for nasopharyngeal cancer detection based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 106(1), 013701 (2015).
[Crossref]

S. Feng, D. Lin, J. Lin, B. Li, Z. Huang, G. Chen, W. Zhang, L. Wang, J. Pan, R. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for non-invasive optical detection of cervical cancer,” Analyst (Lond.) 138(14), 3967–3974 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Lin, R. Chen, S. Feng, J. Pan, Y. Li, G. Chen, M. Cheng, Z. Huang, Y. Yu, and H. Zeng, “A novel blood plasma analysis technique combining membrane electrophoresis with silver nanoparticle-based SERS spectroscopy for potential applications in noninvasive cancer detection,” Nanomedicine (Lond.) 7(5), 655–663 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Feng, R. Chen, J. Lin, J. Pan, G. Chen, Y. Li, M. Cheng, Z. Huang, J. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Nasopharyngeal cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 25(11), 2414–2419 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Feng, J. Lin, M. Cheng, Y. Z. Li, G. Chen, Z. Huang, Y. Yu, R. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Gold nanoparticle based surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy of cancerous and normal nasopharyngeal tissues under near-infrared laser excitation,” Appl. Spectrosc. 63(10), 1089–1094 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Z. Huang, A. McWilliams, H. Lui, D. I. McLean, S. Lam, and H. Zeng, “Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy for optical diagnosis of lung cancer,” Int. J. Cancer 107(6), 1047–1052 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hung, W. M.

W. T. Ng, M. C. Lee, W. M. Hung, C. W. Choi, K. C. Lee, O. S. Chan, and A. W. Lee, “Clinical outcomes and patterns of failure after intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 79(2), 420–428 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hunt, M. A.

M. A. Hunt, G. J. Kutcher, C. Burman, D. Fass, L. Harrison, S. Leibel, and Z. Fuks, “The effect of setup uncertainties on the treatment of nasopharynx cancer,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 27(2), 437–447 (1993).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Huser, T.

J. W. Chan, D. S. Taylor, T. Zwerdling, S. M. Lane, K. Ihara, and T. Huser, “Micro-Raman spectroscopy detects individual neoplastic and normal hematopoietic cells,” Biophys. J. 90(2), 648–656 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ibrahim, D. A.

M. A. Mohammed, M. K. A. Ghani, R. I. Hamed, and D. A. Ibrahim, “Review on Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: concepts, methods of analysis, segmentation, classification, prediction and impact: a review of the research literature,” J. Comput. Sci. 21, 283–298 (2017).
[Crossref]

Ihara, K.

J. W. Chan, D. S. Taylor, T. Zwerdling, S. M. Lane, K. Ihara, and T. Huser, “Micro-Raman spectroscopy detects individual neoplastic and normal hematopoietic cells,” Biophys. J. 90(2), 648–656 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jemal, A.

L. A. Torre, F. Bray, R. L. Siegel, J. Ferlay, J. Lortet-Tieulent, and A. Jemal, “Global cancer statistics, 2012,” CA Cancer J. Clin. 65(2), 87–108 (2015).
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J. D. Driskell, A. G. Seto, L. P. Jones, S. Jokela, R. A. Dluhy, Y. P. Zhao, and R. A. Tripp, “Rapid microRNA (miRNA) detection and classification via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS),” Biosens. Bioelectron. 24(4), 923–928 (2008).
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Jones, L. P.

J. D. Driskell, A. G. Seto, L. P. Jones, S. Jokela, R. A. Dluhy, Y. P. Zhao, and R. A. Tripp, “Rapid microRNA (miRNA) detection and classification via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS),” Biosens. Bioelectron. 24(4), 923–928 (2008).
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Kang, Y.

R. Liu, X. Zi, Y. Kang, M. Si, and Y. Wu, “Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering study of human serum on PVA−Ag nanofilm prepared by using electrostatic self‐assembly,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 42(2), 137–144 (2015).
[Crossref]

Kartha, V. B.

Kiefer, W.

D. Rohleder, W. Kiefer, and W. Petrich, “Quantitative analysis of serum and serum ultrafiltrate by means of Raman spectroscopy,” Analyst (Lond.) 129(10), 906–911 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ko, S. F.

S. H. Ng, T. C. Chang, S. F. Ko, P. S. Yen, Y. L. Wan, L. M. Tang, and M. H. Tsai, “Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: MRI and CT assessment,” Neuroradiology 39(10), 741–746 (1997).
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Korbelik, M.

H. Wang, N. Huang, J. Zhao, H. Lui, M. Korbelik, and H. Zeng, “Depth‐resolved in vivo micro‐Raman spectroscopy of a murine skin tumor model reveals cancer‐specific spectral biomarkers,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 42(2), 160–166 (2011).
[Crossref]

Koutcher, L.

L. Koutcher, N. Lee, M. Zelefsky, K. Chan, G. Cohen, D. Pfister, D. Kraus, and S. Wolden, “Reirradiation of locally recurrent nasopharynx cancer with external beam radiotherapy with or without brachytherapy,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 76(1), 130–137 (2010).
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Kraus, D.

L. Koutcher, N. Lee, M. Zelefsky, K. Chan, G. Cohen, D. Pfister, D. Kraus, and S. Wolden, “Reirradiation of locally recurrent nasopharynx cancer with external beam radiotherapy with or without brachytherapy,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 76(1), 130–137 (2010).
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Krishna, C. M.

Kurien, J.

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M. A. Hunt, G. J. Kutcher, C. Burman, D. Fass, L. Harrison, S. Leibel, and Z. Fuks, “The effect of setup uncertainties on the treatment of nasopharynx cancer,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 27(2), 437–447 (1993).
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Lam, S.

Z. Huang, A. McWilliams, H. Lui, D. I. McLean, S. Lam, and H. Zeng, “Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy for optical diagnosis of lung cancer,” Int. J. Cancer 107(6), 1047–1052 (2003).
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J. W. Chan, D. S. Taylor, T. Zwerdling, S. M. Lane, K. Ihara, and T. Huser, “Micro-Raman spectroscopy detects individual neoplastic and normal hematopoietic cells,” Biophys. J. 90(2), 648–656 (2006).
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T. A. Lasko, J. G. Bhagwat, K. H. Zou, and L. Ohno-Machado, “The use of receiver operating characteristic curves in biomedical informatics,” J. Biomed. Inform. 38(5), 404–415 (2005).
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K. Virkler and I. K. Lednev, “Blood species identification for forensic purposes using Raman spectroscopy combined with advanced statistical analysis,” Anal. Chem. 81(18), 7773–7777 (2009).
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A. W. Lee, B. B. Ma, W. T. Ng, and A. T. Chan, “Management of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Current Practice and Future Perspective,” J. Clin. Oncol. 33(29), 3356–3364 (2015).
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W. T. Ng, M. C. Lee, W. M. Hung, C. W. Choi, K. C. Lee, O. S. Chan, and A. W. Lee, “Clinical outcomes and patterns of failure after intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 79(2), 420–428 (2011).
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Lee, K. C.

W. T. Ng, M. C. Lee, W. M. Hung, C. W. Choi, K. C. Lee, O. S. Chan, and A. W. Lee, “Clinical outcomes and patterns of failure after intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 79(2), 420–428 (2011).
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Lee, M.

S. Lee, H. Chon, M. Lee, J. Choo, S. Y. Shin, Y. H. Lee, I. J. Rhyu, S. W. Son, and C. H. Oh, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering imaging of HER2 cancer markers overexpressed in single MCF7 cells using antibody conjugated hollow gold nanospheres,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 24(7), 2260–2263 (2009).
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W. T. Ng, M. C. Lee, W. M. Hung, C. W. Choi, K. C. Lee, O. S. Chan, and A. W. Lee, “Clinical outcomes and patterns of failure after intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 79(2), 420–428 (2011).
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Lee, N.

L. Koutcher, N. Lee, M. Zelefsky, K. Chan, G. Cohen, D. Pfister, D. Kraus, and S. Wolden, “Reirradiation of locally recurrent nasopharynx cancer with external beam radiotherapy with or without brachytherapy,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 76(1), 130–137 (2010).
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S. Lee, H. Chon, M. Lee, J. Choo, S. Y. Shin, Y. H. Lee, I. J. Rhyu, S. W. Son, and C. H. Oh, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering imaging of HER2 cancer markers overexpressed in single MCF7 cells using antibody conjugated hollow gold nanospheres,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 24(7), 2260–2263 (2009).
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S. Lee, H. Chon, M. Lee, J. Choo, S. Y. Shin, Y. H. Lee, I. J. Rhyu, S. W. Son, and C. H. Oh, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering imaging of HER2 cancer markers overexpressed in single MCF7 cells using antibody conjugated hollow gold nanospheres,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 24(7), 2260–2263 (2009).
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M. A. Hunt, G. J. Kutcher, C. Burman, D. Fass, L. Harrison, S. Leibel, and Z. Fuks, “The effect of setup uncertainties on the treatment of nasopharynx cancer,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 27(2), 437–447 (1993).
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A. N. Leopold and B. Lendl, “A New Method for Fast Preparation of Highly Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Active Silver Colloids at Room Temperature by Reduction of Silver Nitrate with Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride,” J. Phys. Chem. B 107(24), 5723–5727 (2003).
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A. N. Leopold and B. Lendl, “A New Method for Fast Preparation of Highly Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Active Silver Colloids at Room Temperature by Reduction of Silver Nitrate with Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride,” J. Phys. Chem. B 107(24), 5723–5727 (2003).
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Li, B.

S. Feng, D. Lin, J. Lin, B. Li, Z. Huang, G. Chen, W. Zhang, L. Wang, J. Pan, R. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for non-invasive optical detection of cervical cancer,” Analyst (Lond.) 138(14), 3967–3974 (2013).
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Li, K.

H. W. Han, X. L. Yan, R. X. Dong, G. Ban, and K. Li, “Analysis of serum from type II diabetes mellitus and diabetic complication using surface-enhanced Raman spectra (SERS),” Appl. Phys. B 94(4), 667–672 (2009).
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Li, L. J.

Y. Li, Z. N. Wen, L. J. Li, M. L. Li, N. Gao, and Y. Z. Guo, “Research on the Raman spectral character and diagnostic value of squamous cell carcinoma of oral mucosa,” Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 41(2), 142–147 (2010).

Li, M. L.

Y. Li, Z. N. Wen, L. J. Li, M. L. Li, N. Gao, and Y. Z. Guo, “Research on the Raman spectral character and diagnostic value of squamous cell carcinoma of oral mucosa,” Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 41(2), 142–147 (2010).

Li, Y.

S. Feng, R. Chen, J. Lin, J. Pan, Y. Wu, Y. Li, J. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Gastric cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy excited by polarized laser light,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 26(7), 3167–3174 (2011).
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J. Lin, R. Chen, S. Feng, J. Pan, Y. Li, G. Chen, M. Cheng, Z. Huang, Y. Yu, and H. Zeng, “A novel blood plasma analysis technique combining membrane electrophoresis with silver nanoparticle-based SERS spectroscopy for potential applications in noninvasive cancer detection,” Nanomedicine (Lond.) 7(5), 655–663 (2011).
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Y. Li, Z. N. Wen, L. J. Li, M. L. Li, N. Gao, and Y. Z. Guo, “Research on the Raman spectral character and diagnostic value of squamous cell carcinoma of oral mucosa,” Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 41(2), 142–147 (2010).

S. Feng, R. Chen, J. Lin, J. Pan, G. Chen, Y. Li, M. Cheng, Z. Huang, J. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Nasopharyngeal cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 25(11), 2414–2419 (2010).
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Li, Y. Z.

Lin, D.

X. Lin, D. Lin, X. Ge, S. Qiu, S. Feng, and R. Chen, “Noninvasive detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on saliva proteins using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 22(10), 1–6 (2017).
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D. Lin, G. Chen, S. Feng, J. Pan, J. Lin, Z. Huang, and R. Chen, “Development of a rapid macro-Raman spectroscopy system for nasopharyngeal cancer detection based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 106(1), 013701 (2015).
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S. Feng, D. Lin, J. Lin, B. Li, Z. Huang, G. Chen, W. Zhang, L. Wang, J. Pan, R. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for non-invasive optical detection of cervical cancer,” Analyst (Lond.) 138(14), 3967–3974 (2013).
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D. Lin, S. Feng, J. Pan, Y. Chen, J. Lin, G. Chen, S. Xie, H. Zeng, and R. Chen, “Colorectal cancer detection by gold nanoparticle based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of blood serum and statistical analysis,” Opt. Express 19(14), 13565–13577 (2011).
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D. Lin, G. Chen, S. Feng, J. Pan, J. Lin, Z. Huang, and R. Chen, “Development of a rapid macro-Raman spectroscopy system for nasopharyngeal cancer detection based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 106(1), 013701 (2015).
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S. Feng, D. Lin, J. Lin, B. Li, Z. Huang, G. Chen, W. Zhang, L. Wang, J. Pan, R. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for non-invasive optical detection of cervical cancer,” Analyst (Lond.) 138(14), 3967–3974 (2013).
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D. Lin, S. Feng, J. Pan, Y. Chen, J. Lin, G. Chen, S. Xie, H. Zeng, and R. Chen, “Colorectal cancer detection by gold nanoparticle based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of blood serum and statistical analysis,” Opt. Express 19(14), 13565–13577 (2011).
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J. Lin, R. Chen, S. Feng, J. Pan, Y. Li, G. Chen, M. Cheng, Z. Huang, Y. Yu, and H. Zeng, “A novel blood plasma analysis technique combining membrane electrophoresis with silver nanoparticle-based SERS spectroscopy for potential applications in noninvasive cancer detection,” Nanomedicine (Lond.) 7(5), 655–663 (2011).
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S. Feng, R. Chen, J. Lin, J. Pan, Y. Wu, Y. Li, J. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Gastric cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy excited by polarized laser light,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 26(7), 3167–3174 (2011).
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S. Feng, R. Chen, J. Lin, J. Pan, G. Chen, Y. Li, M. Cheng, Z. Huang, J. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Nasopharyngeal cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 25(11), 2414–2419 (2010).
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S. Feng, J. Lin, M. Cheng, Y. Z. Li, G. Chen, Z. Huang, Y. Yu, R. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Gold nanoparticle based surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy of cancerous and normal nasopharyngeal tissues under near-infrared laser excitation,” Appl. Spectrosc. 63(10), 1089–1094 (2009).
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Lin, X.

X. Lin, D. Lin, X. Ge, S. Qiu, S. Feng, and R. Chen, “Noninvasive detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on saliva proteins using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 22(10), 1–6 (2017).
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Liu, R.

R. Liu, X. Zi, Y. Kang, M. Si, and Y. Wu, “Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering study of human serum on PVA−Ag nanofilm prepared by using electrostatic self‐assembly,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 42(2), 137–144 (2015).
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K. W. Lo, K. F. To, and D. P. Huang, “Focus on nasopharyngeal carcinoma,” Cancer Cell 5(5), 423–428 (2004).
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L. A. Torre, F. Bray, R. L. Siegel, J. Ferlay, J. Lortet-Tieulent, and A. Jemal, “Global cancer statistics, 2012,” CA Cancer J. Clin. 65(2), 87–108 (2015).
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Lui, H.

H. Wang, N. Huang, J. Zhao, H. Lui, M. Korbelik, and H. Zeng, “Depth‐resolved in vivo micro‐Raman spectroscopy of a murine skin tumor model reveals cancer‐specific spectral biomarkers,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 42(2), 160–166 (2011).
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J. Zhao, H. Lui, D. I. McLean, and H. Zeng, “Automated autofluorescence background subtraction algorithm for biomedical Raman spectroscopy,” Appl. Spectrosc. 61(11), 1225–1232 (2007).
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Z. Huang, A. McWilliams, H. Lui, D. I. McLean, S. Lam, and H. Zeng, “Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy for optical diagnosis of lung cancer,” Int. J. Cancer 107(6), 1047–1052 (2003).
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Lussier, F.

F. Lussier, T. Brulé, M. Vishwakarma, T. Das, J. P. Spatz, and J. F. Masson, “Dynamic-SERS optophysiology: a nanosensor for monitoring cell secretion events,” Nano Lett. 16(6), 3866–3871 (2016).
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Ma, B. B.

A. W. Lee, B. B. Ma, W. T. Ng, and A. T. Chan, “Management of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Current Practice and Future Perspective,” J. Clin. Oncol. 33(29), 3356–3364 (2015).
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Manfait, M.

Masson, J. F.

F. Lussier, T. Brulé, M. Vishwakarma, T. Das, J. P. Spatz, and J. F. Masson, “Dynamic-SERS optophysiology: a nanosensor for monitoring cell secretion events,” Nano Lett. 16(6), 3866–3871 (2016).
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J. Zhao, H. Lui, D. I. McLean, and H. Zeng, “Automated autofluorescence background subtraction algorithm for biomedical Raman spectroscopy,” Appl. Spectrosc. 61(11), 1225–1232 (2007).
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Z. Huang, A. McWilliams, H. Lui, D. I. McLean, S. Lam, and H. Zeng, “Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy for optical diagnosis of lung cancer,” Int. J. Cancer 107(6), 1047–1052 (2003).
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Z. Huang, A. McWilliams, H. Lui, D. I. McLean, S. Lam, and H. Zeng, “Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy for optical diagnosis of lung cancer,” Int. J. Cancer 107(6), 1047–1052 (2003).
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M. A. Mohammed, M. K. A. Ghani, R. I. Hamed, and D. A. Ibrahim, “Review on Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: concepts, methods of analysis, segmentation, classification, prediction and impact: a review of the research literature,” J. Comput. Sci. 21, 283–298 (2017).
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I. R. Nabiev, R. G. Efremov, and G. D. Chumanov, “New instruments and measurement methods: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering and its application to the study of biological molecules,” Sov. Phys. Usp. 31(3), 241–262 (1988).
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S. H. Ng, T. C. Chang, S. F. Ko, P. S. Yen, Y. L. Wan, L. M. Tang, and M. H. Tsai, “Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: MRI and CT assessment,” Neuroradiology 39(10), 741–746 (1997).
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Ng, W. T.

A. W. Lee, B. B. Ma, W. T. Ng, and A. T. Chan, “Management of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Current Practice and Future Perspective,” J. Clin. Oncol. 33(29), 3356–3364 (2015).
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W. T. Ng, M. C. Lee, W. M. Hung, C. W. Choi, K. C. Lee, O. S. Chan, and A. W. Lee, “Clinical outcomes and patterns of failure after intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 79(2), 420–428 (2011).
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B. O’Sullivan, “Nasopharynx cancer: therapeutic value of chemoradiotherapy,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 69(2Suppl), S118–S121 (2007).
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Oh, C. H.

S. Lee, H. Chon, M. Lee, J. Choo, S. Y. Shin, Y. H. Lee, I. J. Rhyu, S. W. Son, and C. H. Oh, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering imaging of HER2 cancer markers overexpressed in single MCF7 cells using antibody conjugated hollow gold nanospheres,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 24(7), 2260–2263 (2009).
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Ohno-Machado, L.

T. A. Lasko, J. G. Bhagwat, K. H. Zou, and L. Ohno-Machado, “The use of receiver operating characteristic curves in biomedical informatics,” J. Biomed. Inform. 38(5), 404–415 (2005).
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Pan, J.

D. Lin, G. Chen, S. Feng, J. Pan, J. Lin, Z. Huang, and R. Chen, “Development of a rapid macro-Raman spectroscopy system for nasopharyngeal cancer detection based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 106(1), 013701 (2015).
[Crossref]

S. Feng, D. Lin, J. Lin, B. Li, Z. Huang, G. Chen, W. Zhang, L. Wang, J. Pan, R. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for non-invasive optical detection of cervical cancer,” Analyst (Lond.) 138(14), 3967–3974 (2013).
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J. Pan, L. Zang, Y. Zhang, J. Hong, Y. Yao, C. Zou, L. Zhang, and Y. Chen, “Early changes in apparent diffusion coefficients predict radiosensitivity of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenografts,” Laryngoscope 122(4), 839–843 (2012).
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S. Feng, R. Chen, J. Lin, J. Pan, Y. Wu, Y. Li, J. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Gastric cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy excited by polarized laser light,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 26(7), 3167–3174 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Lin, R. Chen, S. Feng, J. Pan, Y. Li, G. Chen, M. Cheng, Z. Huang, Y. Yu, and H. Zeng, “A novel blood plasma analysis technique combining membrane electrophoresis with silver nanoparticle-based SERS spectroscopy for potential applications in noninvasive cancer detection,” Nanomedicine (Lond.) 7(5), 655–663 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Lin, S. Feng, J. Pan, Y. Chen, J. Lin, G. Chen, S. Xie, H. Zeng, and R. Chen, “Colorectal cancer detection by gold nanoparticle based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of blood serum and statistical analysis,” Opt. Express 19(14), 13565–13577 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Feng, R. Chen, J. Lin, J. Pan, G. Chen, Y. Li, M. Cheng, Z. Huang, J. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Nasopharyngeal cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 25(11), 2414–2419 (2010).
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Petrich, W.

D. Rohleder, W. Kiefer, and W. Petrich, “Quantitative analysis of serum and serum ultrafiltrate by means of Raman spectroscopy,” Analyst (Lond.) 129(10), 906–911 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Pfister, D.

L. Koutcher, N. Lee, M. Zelefsky, K. Chan, G. Cohen, D. Pfister, D. Kraus, and S. Wolden, “Reirradiation of locally recurrent nasopharynx cancer with external beam radiotherapy with or without brachytherapy,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 76(1), 130–137 (2010).
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Qian, W.

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X. Lin, D. Lin, X. Ge, S. Qiu, S. Feng, and R. Chen, “Noninvasive detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on saliva proteins using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 22(10), 1–6 (2017).
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Rao, L.

Rhyu, I. J.

S. Lee, H. Chon, M. Lee, J. Choo, S. Y. Shin, Y. H. Lee, I. J. Rhyu, S. W. Son, and C. H. Oh, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering imaging of HER2 cancer markers overexpressed in single MCF7 cells using antibody conjugated hollow gold nanospheres,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 24(7), 2260–2263 (2009).
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D. Rohleder, W. Kiefer, and W. Petrich, “Quantitative analysis of serum and serum ultrafiltrate by means of Raman spectroscopy,” Analyst (Lond.) 129(10), 906–911 (2004).
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G. Trachta, B. Schwarze, B. Sägmüller, G. Brehm, and S. Schneider, “Combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and SERS detection applied to the analysis of drugs in human blood and urine,” J. Mol. Model. 693(1–3), 175–185 (2004).

Schneider, S.

G. Trachta, B. Schwarze, B. Sägmüller, G. Brehm, and S. Schneider, “Combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and SERS detection applied to the analysis of drugs in human blood and urine,” J. Mol. Model. 693(1–3), 175–185 (2004).

Schwarze, B.

G. Trachta, B. Schwarze, B. Sägmüller, G. Brehm, and S. Schneider, “Combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and SERS detection applied to the analysis of drugs in human blood and urine,” J. Mol. Model. 693(1–3), 175–185 (2004).

Sergo, V.

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J. D. Driskell, A. G. Seto, L. P. Jones, S. Jokela, R. A. Dluhy, Y. P. Zhao, and R. A. Tripp, “Rapid microRNA (miRNA) detection and classification via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS),” Biosens. Bioelectron. 24(4), 923–928 (2008).
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S. Lee, H. Chon, M. Lee, J. Choo, S. Y. Shin, Y. H. Lee, I. J. Rhyu, S. W. Son, and C. H. Oh, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering imaging of HER2 cancer markers overexpressed in single MCF7 cells using antibody conjugated hollow gold nanospheres,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 24(7), 2260–2263 (2009).
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Si, M.

R. Liu, X. Zi, Y. Kang, M. Si, and Y. Wu, “Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering study of human serum on PVA−Ag nanofilm prepared by using electrostatic self‐assembly,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 42(2), 137–144 (2015).
[Crossref]

Siegel, R. L.

L. A. Torre, F. Bray, R. L. Siegel, J. Ferlay, J. Lortet-Tieulent, and A. Jemal, “Global cancer statistics, 2012,” CA Cancer J. Clin. 65(2), 87–108 (2015).
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Sockalingum, G. D.

Son, S. W.

S. Lee, H. Chon, M. Lee, J. Choo, S. Y. Shin, Y. H. Lee, I. J. Rhyu, S. W. Son, and C. H. Oh, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering imaging of HER2 cancer markers overexpressed in single MCF7 cells using antibody conjugated hollow gold nanospheres,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 24(7), 2260–2263 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Spatz, J. P.

F. Lussier, T. Brulé, M. Vishwakarma, T. Das, J. P. Spatz, and J. F. Masson, “Dynamic-SERS optophysiology: a nanosensor for monitoring cell secretion events,” Nano Lett. 16(6), 3866–3871 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Stokes, D.

M. Culha, D. Stokes, and T. Vo-Dinh, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering for cancer diagnostics: detection of the BCL2 gene,” Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. 3(5), 669–675 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tang, L. M.

S. H. Ng, T. C. Chang, S. F. Ko, P. S. Yen, Y. L. Wan, L. M. Tang, and M. H. Tsai, “Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: MRI and CT assessment,” Neuroradiology 39(10), 741–746 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Taylor, D. S.

J. W. Chan, D. S. Taylor, T. Zwerdling, S. M. Lane, K. Ihara, and T. Huser, “Micro-Raman spectroscopy detects individual neoplastic and normal hematopoietic cells,” Biophys. J. 90(2), 648–656 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

To, K. F.

K. W. Lo, K. F. To, and D. P. Huang, “Focus on nasopharyngeal carcinoma,” Cancer Cell 5(5), 423–428 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Torre, L. A.

L. A. Torre, F. Bray, R. L. Siegel, J. Ferlay, J. Lortet-Tieulent, and A. Jemal, “Global cancer statistics, 2012,” CA Cancer J. Clin. 65(2), 87–108 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Trachta, G.

G. Trachta, B. Schwarze, B. Sägmüller, G. Brehm, and S. Schneider, “Combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and SERS detection applied to the analysis of drugs in human blood and urine,” J. Mol. Model. 693(1–3), 175–185 (2004).

Tripp, R. A.

J. D. Driskell, A. G. Seto, L. P. Jones, S. Jokela, R. A. Dluhy, Y. P. Zhao, and R. A. Tripp, “Rapid microRNA (miRNA) detection and classification via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS),” Biosens. Bioelectron. 24(4), 923–928 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tsai, M. H.

S. H. Ng, T. C. Chang, S. F. Ko, P. S. Yen, Y. L. Wan, L. M. Tang, and M. H. Tsai, “Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: MRI and CT assessment,” Neuroradiology 39(10), 741–746 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

van Triest, B.

M. Verheij, C. Vens, and B. van Triest, “Novel therapeutics in combination with radiotherapy to improve cancer treatment: rationale, mechanisms of action and clinical perspective,” Drug Resist. Updat. 13(1-2), 29–43 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Vens, C.

M. Verheij, C. Vens, and B. van Triest, “Novel therapeutics in combination with radiotherapy to improve cancer treatment: rationale, mechanisms of action and clinical perspective,” Drug Resist. Updat. 13(1-2), 29–43 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Venteo, L.

Verheij, M.

M. Verheij, C. Vens, and B. van Triest, “Novel therapeutics in combination with radiotherapy to improve cancer treatment: rationale, mechanisms of action and clinical perspective,” Drug Resist. Updat. 13(1-2), 29–43 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Virkler, K.

K. Virkler and I. K. Lednev, “Blood species identification for forensic purposes using Raman spectroscopy combined with advanced statistical analysis,” Anal. Chem. 81(18), 7773–7777 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Vishwakarma, M.

F. Lussier, T. Brulé, M. Vishwakarma, T. Das, J. P. Spatz, and J. F. Masson, “Dynamic-SERS optophysiology: a nanosensor for monitoring cell secretion events,” Nano Lett. 16(6), 3866–3871 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Vo-Dinh, T.

M. Culha, D. Stokes, and T. Vo-Dinh, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering for cancer diagnostics: detection of the BCL2 gene,” Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. 3(5), 669–675 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wan, Y. L.

S. H. Ng, T. C. Chang, S. F. Ko, P. S. Yen, Y. L. Wan, L. M. Tang, and M. H. Tsai, “Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: MRI and CT assessment,” Neuroradiology 39(10), 741–746 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, G. S.

B. L. Han, X. Y. Xu, C. Z. Zhang, J. J. Wu, C. F. Han, H. Wang, X. Wang, G. S. Wang, S. J. Yang, and Y. Xie, “Systematic review on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Asian populations,” Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 13(6), 2577–2581 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, H.

B. L. Han, X. Y. Xu, C. Z. Zhang, J. J. Wu, C. F. Han, H. Wang, X. Wang, G. S. Wang, S. J. Yang, and Y. Xie, “Systematic review on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Asian populations,” Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 13(6), 2577–2581 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Wang, N. Huang, J. Zhao, H. Lui, M. Korbelik, and H. Zeng, “Depth‐resolved in vivo micro‐Raman spectroscopy of a murine skin tumor model reveals cancer‐specific spectral biomarkers,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 42(2), 160–166 (2011).
[Crossref]

Wang, L.

S. Feng, D. Lin, J. Lin, B. Li, Z. Huang, G. Chen, W. Zhang, L. Wang, J. Pan, R. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for non-invasive optical detection of cervical cancer,” Analyst (Lond.) 138(14), 3967–3974 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, X.

B. L. Han, X. Y. Xu, C. Z. Zhang, J. J. Wu, C. F. Han, H. Wang, X. Wang, G. S. Wang, S. J. Yang, and Y. Xie, “Systematic review on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Asian populations,” Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 13(6), 2577–2581 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wei, W. I.

W. I. Wei and J. S. Sham, “Nasopharyngeal carcinoma,” Lancet 365(9476), 2041–2054 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wen, Z. N.

Y. Li, Z. N. Wen, L. J. Li, M. L. Li, N. Gao, and Y. Z. Guo, “Research on the Raman spectral character and diagnostic value of squamous cell carcinoma of oral mucosa,” Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 41(2), 142–147 (2010).

Wolden, S.

L. Koutcher, N. Lee, M. Zelefsky, K. Chan, G. Cohen, D. Pfister, D. Kraus, and S. Wolden, “Reirradiation of locally recurrent nasopharynx cancer with external beam radiotherapy with or without brachytherapy,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 76(1), 130–137 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wu, J. J.

B. L. Han, X. Y. Xu, C. Z. Zhang, J. J. Wu, C. F. Han, H. Wang, X. Wang, G. S. Wang, S. J. Yang, and Y. Xie, “Systematic review on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Asian populations,” Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 13(6), 2577–2581 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wu, Y.

R. Liu, X. Zi, Y. Kang, M. Si, and Y. Wu, “Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering study of human serum on PVA−Ag nanofilm prepared by using electrostatic self‐assembly,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 42(2), 137–144 (2015).
[Crossref]

S. Feng, R. Chen, J. Lin, J. Pan, Y. Wu, Y. Li, J. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Gastric cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy excited by polarized laser light,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 26(7), 3167–3174 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Xie, S.

Xie, Y.

B. L. Han, X. Y. Xu, C. Z. Zhang, J. J. Wu, C. F. Han, H. Wang, X. Wang, G. S. Wang, S. J. Yang, and Y. Xie, “Systematic review on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Asian populations,” Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 13(6), 2577–2581 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Xu, X. Y.

B. L. Han, X. Y. Xu, C. Z. Zhang, J. J. Wu, C. F. Han, H. Wang, X. Wang, G. S. Wang, S. J. Yang, and Y. Xie, “Systematic review on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Asian populations,” Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 13(6), 2577–2581 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yan, X. L.

H. W. Han, X. L. Yan, R. X. Dong, G. Ban, and K. Li, “Analysis of serum from type II diabetes mellitus and diabetic complication using surface-enhanced Raman spectra (SERS),” Appl. Phys. B 94(4), 667–672 (2009).
[Crossref]

Yang, S. J.

B. L. Han, X. Y. Xu, C. Z. Zhang, J. J. Wu, C. F. Han, H. Wang, X. Wang, G. S. Wang, S. J. Yang, and Y. Xie, “Systematic review on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Asian populations,” Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 13(6), 2577–2581 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yao, Y.

J. Pan, L. Zang, Y. Zhang, J. Hong, Y. Yao, C. Zou, L. Zhang, and Y. Chen, “Early changes in apparent diffusion coefficients predict radiosensitivity of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenografts,” Laryngoscope 122(4), 839–843 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yen, P. S.

S. H. Ng, T. C. Chang, S. F. Ko, P. S. Yen, Y. L. Wan, L. M. Tang, and M. H. Tsai, “Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: MRI and CT assessment,” Neuroradiology 39(10), 741–746 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yu, Y.

J. Lin, R. Chen, S. Feng, J. Pan, Y. Li, G. Chen, M. Cheng, Z. Huang, Y. Yu, and H. Zeng, “A novel blood plasma analysis technique combining membrane electrophoresis with silver nanoparticle-based SERS spectroscopy for potential applications in noninvasive cancer detection,” Nanomedicine (Lond.) 7(5), 655–663 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Feng, J. Lin, M. Cheng, Y. Z. Li, G. Chen, Z. Huang, Y. Yu, R. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Gold nanoparticle based surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy of cancerous and normal nasopharyngeal tissues under near-infrared laser excitation,” Appl. Spectrosc. 63(10), 1089–1094 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zang, L.

J. Pan, L. Zang, Y. Zhang, J. Hong, Y. Yao, C. Zou, L. Zhang, and Y. Chen, “Early changes in apparent diffusion coefficients predict radiosensitivity of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenografts,” Laryngoscope 122(4), 839–843 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zelefsky, M.

L. Koutcher, N. Lee, M. Zelefsky, K. Chan, G. Cohen, D. Pfister, D. Kraus, and S. Wolden, “Reirradiation of locally recurrent nasopharynx cancer with external beam radiotherapy with or without brachytherapy,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 76(1), 130–137 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zeng, H.

S. Feng, D. Lin, J. Lin, B. Li, Z. Huang, G. Chen, W. Zhang, L. Wang, J. Pan, R. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for non-invasive optical detection of cervical cancer,” Analyst (Lond.) 138(14), 3967–3974 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Wang, N. Huang, J. Zhao, H. Lui, M. Korbelik, and H. Zeng, “Depth‐resolved in vivo micro‐Raman spectroscopy of a murine skin tumor model reveals cancer‐specific spectral biomarkers,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 42(2), 160–166 (2011).
[Crossref]

J. Lin, R. Chen, S. Feng, J. Pan, Y. Li, G. Chen, M. Cheng, Z. Huang, Y. Yu, and H. Zeng, “A novel blood plasma analysis technique combining membrane electrophoresis with silver nanoparticle-based SERS spectroscopy for potential applications in noninvasive cancer detection,” Nanomedicine (Lond.) 7(5), 655–663 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Lin, S. Feng, J. Pan, Y. Chen, J. Lin, G. Chen, S. Xie, H. Zeng, and R. Chen, “Colorectal cancer detection by gold nanoparticle based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of blood serum and statistical analysis,” Opt. Express 19(14), 13565–13577 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Feng, R. Chen, J. Lin, J. Pan, Y. Wu, Y. Li, J. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Gastric cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy excited by polarized laser light,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 26(7), 3167–3174 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Feng, R. Chen, J. Lin, J. Pan, G. Chen, Y. Li, M. Cheng, Z. Huang, J. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Nasopharyngeal cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 25(11), 2414–2419 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Feng, J. Lin, M. Cheng, Y. Z. Li, G. Chen, Z. Huang, Y. Yu, R. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Gold nanoparticle based surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy of cancerous and normal nasopharyngeal tissues under near-infrared laser excitation,” Appl. Spectrosc. 63(10), 1089–1094 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Zhao, H. Lui, D. I. McLean, and H. Zeng, “Automated autofluorescence background subtraction algorithm for biomedical Raman spectroscopy,” Appl. Spectrosc. 61(11), 1225–1232 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Z. Huang, A. McWilliams, H. Lui, D. I. McLean, S. Lam, and H. Zeng, “Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy for optical diagnosis of lung cancer,” Int. J. Cancer 107(6), 1047–1052 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, C. Z.

B. L. Han, X. Y. Xu, C. Z. Zhang, J. J. Wu, C. F. Han, H. Wang, X. Wang, G. S. Wang, S. J. Yang, and Y. Xie, “Systematic review on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Asian populations,” Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 13(6), 2577–2581 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, L.

J. Pan, L. Zang, Y. Zhang, J. Hong, Y. Yao, C. Zou, L. Zhang, and Y. Chen, “Early changes in apparent diffusion coefficients predict radiosensitivity of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenografts,” Laryngoscope 122(4), 839–843 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, W.

S. Feng, D. Lin, J. Lin, B. Li, Z. Huang, G. Chen, W. Zhang, L. Wang, J. Pan, R. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for non-invasive optical detection of cervical cancer,” Analyst (Lond.) 138(14), 3967–3974 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, Y.

J. Pan, L. Zang, Y. Zhang, J. Hong, Y. Yao, C. Zou, L. Zhang, and Y. Chen, “Early changes in apparent diffusion coefficients predict radiosensitivity of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenografts,” Laryngoscope 122(4), 839–843 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhao, J.

H. Wang, N. Huang, J. Zhao, H. Lui, M. Korbelik, and H. Zeng, “Depth‐resolved in vivo micro‐Raman spectroscopy of a murine skin tumor model reveals cancer‐specific spectral biomarkers,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 42(2), 160–166 (2011).
[Crossref]

J. Zhao, H. Lui, D. I. McLean, and H. Zeng, “Automated autofluorescence background subtraction algorithm for biomedical Raman spectroscopy,” Appl. Spectrosc. 61(11), 1225–1232 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhao, Y. P.

J. D. Driskell, A. G. Seto, L. P. Jones, S. Jokela, R. A. Dluhy, Y. P. Zhao, and R. A. Tripp, “Rapid microRNA (miRNA) detection and classification via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS),” Biosens. Bioelectron. 24(4), 923–928 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zi, X.

R. Liu, X. Zi, Y. Kang, M. Si, and Y. Wu, “Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering study of human serum on PVA−Ag nanofilm prepared by using electrostatic self‐assembly,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 42(2), 137–144 (2015).
[Crossref]

Zou, C.

J. Pan, L. Zang, Y. Zhang, J. Hong, Y. Yao, C. Zou, L. Zhang, and Y. Chen, “Early changes in apparent diffusion coefficients predict radiosensitivity of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenografts,” Laryngoscope 122(4), 839–843 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zou, K. H.

T. A. Lasko, J. G. Bhagwat, K. H. Zou, and L. Ohno-Machado, “The use of receiver operating characteristic curves in biomedical informatics,” J. Biomed. Inform. 38(5), 404–415 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zwerdling, T.

J. W. Chan, D. S. Taylor, T. Zwerdling, S. M. Lane, K. Ihara, and T. Huser, “Micro-Raman spectroscopy detects individual neoplastic and normal hematopoietic cells,” Biophys. J. 90(2), 648–656 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Anal. Bioanal. Chem. (1)

A. Bonifacio, S. Cervo, and V. Sergo, “Label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of biofluids: fundamental aspects and diagnostic applications,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 407(27), 8265–8277 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Anal. Chem. (1)

K. Virkler and I. K. Lednev, “Blood species identification for forensic purposes using Raman spectroscopy combined with advanced statistical analysis,” Anal. Chem. 81(18), 7773–7777 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Analyst (Lond.) (2)

D. Rohleder, W. Kiefer, and W. Petrich, “Quantitative analysis of serum and serum ultrafiltrate by means of Raman spectroscopy,” Analyst (Lond.) 129(10), 906–911 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Feng, D. Lin, J. Lin, B. Li, Z. Huang, G. Chen, W. Zhang, L. Wang, J. Pan, R. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for non-invasive optical detection of cervical cancer,” Analyst (Lond.) 138(14), 3967–3974 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Appl. Phys. B (1)

H. W. Han, X. L. Yan, R. X. Dong, G. Ban, and K. Li, “Analysis of serum from type II diabetes mellitus and diabetic complication using surface-enhanced Raman spectra (SERS),” Appl. Phys. B 94(4), 667–672 (2009).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (1)

D. Lin, G. Chen, S. Feng, J. Pan, J. Lin, Z. Huang, and R. Chen, “Development of a rapid macro-Raman spectroscopy system for nasopharyngeal cancer detection based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 106(1), 013701 (2015).
[Crossref]

Appl. Spectrosc. (3)

Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. (1)

B. L. Han, X. Y. Xu, C. Z. Zhang, J. J. Wu, C. F. Han, H. Wang, X. Wang, G. S. Wang, S. J. Yang, and Y. Xie, “Systematic review on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Asian populations,” Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 13(6), 2577–2581 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Biophys. J. (1)

J. W. Chan, D. S. Taylor, T. Zwerdling, S. M. Lane, K. Ihara, and T. Huser, “Micro-Raman spectroscopy detects individual neoplastic and normal hematopoietic cells,” Biophys. J. 90(2), 648–656 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Biosens. Bioelectron. (4)

S. Feng, R. Chen, J. Lin, J. Pan, Y. Wu, Y. Li, J. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Gastric cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy excited by polarized laser light,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 26(7), 3167–3174 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Feng, R. Chen, J. Lin, J. Pan, G. Chen, Y. Li, M. Cheng, Z. Huang, J. Chen, and H. Zeng, “Nasopharyngeal cancer detection based on blood plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 25(11), 2414–2419 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. D. Driskell, A. G. Seto, L. P. Jones, S. Jokela, R. A. Dluhy, Y. P. Zhao, and R. A. Tripp, “Rapid microRNA (miRNA) detection and classification via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS),” Biosens. Bioelectron. 24(4), 923–928 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Lee, H. Chon, M. Lee, J. Choo, S. Y. Shin, Y. H. Lee, I. J. Rhyu, S. W. Son, and C. H. Oh, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering imaging of HER2 cancer markers overexpressed in single MCF7 cells using antibody conjugated hollow gold nanospheres,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 24(7), 2260–2263 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

CA Cancer J. Clin. (1)

L. A. Torre, F. Bray, R. L. Siegel, J. Ferlay, J. Lortet-Tieulent, and A. Jemal, “Global cancer statistics, 2012,” CA Cancer J. Clin. 65(2), 87–108 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cancer Cell (1)

K. W. Lo, K. F. To, and D. P. Huang, “Focus on nasopharyngeal carcinoma,” Cancer Cell 5(5), 423–428 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Drug Resist. Updat. (1)

M. Verheij, C. Vens, and B. van Triest, “Novel therapeutics in combination with radiotherapy to improve cancer treatment: rationale, mechanisms of action and clinical perspective,” Drug Resist. Updat. 13(1-2), 29–43 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. (1)

M. Culha, D. Stokes, and T. Vo-Dinh, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering for cancer diagnostics: detection of the BCL2 gene,” Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. 3(5), 669–675 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hong Kong Med. J. (1)

C. S. Ho, “Beating ‘Guangdong cancer’: a review and update on nasopharyngeal cancer,” Hong Kong Med. J. 23(5), 497–502 (2017).
[PubMed]

Int. J. Cancer (1)

Z. Huang, A. McWilliams, H. Lui, D. I. McLean, S. Lam, and H. Zeng, “Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy for optical diagnosis of lung cancer,” Int. J. Cancer 107(6), 1047–1052 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. (1)

Y. Li, Z. N. Wen, L. J. Li, M. L. Li, N. Gao, and Y. Z. Guo, “Research on the Raman spectral character and diagnostic value of squamous cell carcinoma of oral mucosa,” Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 41(2), 142–147 (2010).

Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. (4)

B. O’Sullivan, “Nasopharynx cancer: therapeutic value of chemoradiotherapy,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 69(2Suppl), S118–S121 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Koutcher, N. Lee, M. Zelefsky, K. Chan, G. Cohen, D. Pfister, D. Kraus, and S. Wolden, “Reirradiation of locally recurrent nasopharynx cancer with external beam radiotherapy with or without brachytherapy,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 76(1), 130–137 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. A. Hunt, G. J. Kutcher, C. Burman, D. Fass, L. Harrison, S. Leibel, and Z. Fuks, “The effect of setup uncertainties on the treatment of nasopharynx cancer,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 27(2), 437–447 (1993).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. T. Ng, M. C. Lee, W. M. Hung, C. W. Choi, K. C. Lee, O. S. Chan, and A. W. Lee, “Clinical outcomes and patterns of failure after intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 79(2), 420–428 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Biomed. Inform. (1)

T. A. Lasko, J. G. Bhagwat, K. H. Zou, and L. Ohno-Machado, “The use of receiver operating characteristic curves in biomedical informatics,” J. Biomed. Inform. 38(5), 404–415 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Biomed. Opt. (1)

X. Lin, D. Lin, X. Ge, S. Qiu, S. Feng, and R. Chen, “Noninvasive detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on saliva proteins using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 22(10), 1–6 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Clin. Oncol. (1)

A. W. Lee, B. B. Ma, W. T. Ng, and A. T. Chan, “Management of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Current Practice and Future Perspective,” J. Clin. Oncol. 33(29), 3356–3364 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Comput. Sci. (1)

M. A. Mohammed, M. K. A. Ghani, R. I. Hamed, and D. A. Ibrahim, “Review on Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: concepts, methods of analysis, segmentation, classification, prediction and impact: a review of the research literature,” J. Comput. Sci. 21, 283–298 (2017).
[Crossref]

J. Mol. Model. (1)

G. Trachta, B. Schwarze, B. Sägmüller, G. Brehm, and S. Schneider, “Combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and SERS detection applied to the analysis of drugs in human blood and urine,” J. Mol. Model. 693(1–3), 175–185 (2004).

J. Phys. Chem. B (1)

A. N. Leopold and B. Lendl, “A New Method for Fast Preparation of Highly Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Active Silver Colloids at Room Temperature by Reduction of Silver Nitrate with Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride,” J. Phys. Chem. B 107(24), 5723–5727 (2003).
[Crossref]

J. Raman Spectrosc. (3)

P. H. Hsu and H. K. Chiang, “Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy for quantitative measurement of lactic acid at physiological concentration in human serum,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 41(12), 1320–1324 (2011).

R. Liu, X. Zi, Y. Kang, M. Si, and Y. Wu, “Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering study of human serum on PVA−Ag nanofilm prepared by using electrostatic self‐assembly,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 42(2), 137–144 (2015).
[Crossref]

H. Wang, N. Huang, J. Zhao, H. Lui, M. Korbelik, and H. Zeng, “Depth‐resolved in vivo micro‐Raman spectroscopy of a murine skin tumor model reveals cancer‐specific spectral biomarkers,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 42(2), 160–166 (2011).
[Crossref]

Lancet (1)

W. I. Wei and J. S. Sham, “Nasopharyngeal carcinoma,” Lancet 365(9476), 2041–2054 (2005).
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Figures (5)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 The UV-vis absorption spectrum of Ag nanoparticles. The absorption maximum is located at 414 nm. The inserted picture shows the TEM micrograph of Ag nanoparticles.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Comparison of (a) SERS spectrum of the plasma sample from a patient with NPC acquired by mixing the plasma with Ag colloid at 1:1 proportion, (b) the regular Raman spectrum of the same plasma sample without the Ag NPs and (c) the background Raman signal of the Ag colloid. Instrument parameters (785 nm wavelength; 10 s acquisition time; 2 mW power).

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 CT images of a (a) pre- and (b) post- treatment patient using radiotherapy. The corresponding plasma SERS spectrum belonging to the (c) pre- and (d) post-treatment patient. Instrument parameters (785 nm wavelength; 10 s acquisition time; 2 mW power).

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 (a) Comparison of normalized mean SERS spectra from 30 normal, 40 pre-treatment and 40 post-treatment NPC plasma samples. (b) Difference spectra were calculated by three groups of mean SERS spectra. Instrument parameters (785 nm wavelength; 10 s acquisition time; 2 mW power).

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Scatter plots of the posterior probability of belonging to the (a) pre-treatment and normal groups, (b) pre- and post- treatment groups and (c) post-treatment and normal groups using PCA-LDA together with leave-one-out, cross-validation method. (d) Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of classification results for the three combinations. AUC: the integration areas under the ROC curves.

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Tables (2)

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Table 1 The Raman peak potions and tentative assignments of major vibration bands in plasma samples [17, 38–47]

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Table 2 Classification results of plasma SERS prediction of the three groups using PCA-LDA method

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