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Computation of Refractive Indices of Corona Viruses through Reverse Calculation

Srinivasan Kuppuswamy, Kaliprasanna Swain, Suryakanta Nayak, and Gopinath Palai

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

The present paper computes the refractive indices of different corona viruses (H5N1, H5N2, H9N2, H4N6, FAdV and IBV) through reflectance analysis of a virus solution. The computational analysis indicates that the refractive indices of all viruses are negative at the signal of 412 nm. Further the numerical output shows that the infectious bronchitis viruses (family of novel corona viruses, COVID-19) have higher negative refractive indices as compared to other corona viruses. Finally refractive indices of the family of COVID-19 are investigated with respect to the EID (Electronic infusion Device) concentration of the viruses, showing that the refractive index which ranges from “−0.96725 to −0.999998” corresponds to ‘0.01 to 10000’ EID virus concentration.

© 2020 Optical Society of Korea

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  • Publication
  1. J. Cui, F. Li, Z.-L. Shi, "Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses," Nature Rev. Microbiol. 17, 181‒192 (2019)
    [Crossref]
  2. D. Forni, R. Cagliani, M. Clerici, M. Sironi, "Molecular evolution of human coronavirus genomes," Trends Microbiol. 25, 35‒48 (2017)
    [Crossref]
  3. S. R. Ahmed, S. W. Kang, S. Oh, J. Lee, S. Neethirajan, "Chiral zirconiumquantum dots: A new class of nanocrystals for optical detection of coronavirus," Heliyon 4, e00766 (2018)
    [Crossref]
  4. B. M. Crossley, R. E. Mock, S. A. Callison, S. K. Hietala, "Identification and characterization of a novel alpaca respiratory coronavirus most closely related to the human coronavirus 229E," Viruses 4, 3689‒3700 (2012)
    [Crossref]
  5. A. M. Martya, M. K. Jones, "Editorial commentary," One Helth 9, 100123 (2020)
    [Crossref]
  6. Z. Hamzavi-Zarghani, A. Yahaghi, L. Matekovits, A. Farmani, "Tunable mantle cloaking utilizing graphene metasurface for terahertz sensing applications," Opt. Express 27, 34824‒34837 (2019)
    [Crossref]
  7. F. Moradiani, A. Farmani, M. Yavarian, A. Mir, F. Behzadfar, "A multimode graphene plasmonic perfect absorber at terahertz frequencies," Phys. E: Low-Dimens. Syst. Nanostruct. 122, 114159 (2020)
    [Crossref]
  8. M. H. Mozaffari, A. Farmani, "On-chip single-mode optofluidic microresonator dye laser sensor," IEEE Sens. J. 20, 3556‒3563 (2020)
    [Crossref]
  9. A. Farmani, M. Soroosh, M. H. Mozaffari, T. Daghooghi, Nanosensors for Smart Cities (Micro and Nano Technologies Sereies) .
  10. N. Amoosoltani, N. Yasrebi, A. Farmani, A. Zarifkar, "A plasmonic nano-biosensor based on two consecutive disk resonators and unidirectional reflectionless propagation effect," IEEE Sens. J. 20, 9097‒9104 (2020)
    [Crossref]
  11. A. K. Tomar, S. Mahendia, R. P. Chahal, S. Kumar, Photoluminescence and refractive index behavior of PMMA-PAni blends .
  12. M. D. Migahed, H. M. Zidan, "Influence of UV-irradiation on the structure and optical properties of polycarbonate films," Curr. Appl. Phys. 6, 91‒96 (2006)
    [Crossref]
  13. I. S. Amiri, M. K. Sahoo, S. K. Sahu, S. Behera, G. Palai, "Realization of white LED using plasmonic-based photonic structure through reflection absorption and transmission analysis," Optik 207, 163863 (2020)
    [Crossref]
  14. A. Gambaryan, A. Tuzikov, G. Pazynina, N. Bovin, A. Balish, A. Klimov, "Evolution of the receptor binding phenotype of influenza A (H5) viruses," Virology 344, 432‒438 (2006)
    [Crossref]
  15. T. Horimoto, E. Rivera, J. Pearson, D. Senne, S. Krauss, Y. Kawaoka, R. G. Webster, "Origin and molecular changes associated with emergence of a highly pathogenic H5N2 influenza virus in Mexico," Virology 213, 223‒230 (1995)
    [Crossref]
  16. C. Li, K. Yu, G. Tian, D. Yu, L. Liu, B. Jing, J. Ping, H. Chen, "Evolution of H9N2 influenza viruses from domestic poultry in Mainland China," Virology 340, 70‒83 (2005)
    [Crossref]
  17. A. I. Karasin, I. H. Brown, S. Carman, C. W. Olsen, "Isolation and characterization of H4N6 avian influenza viruses from pigs with pneumonia in Canada," J. Virol. 74, 9322‒9327 (2000)
    [Crossref]
  18. Y. Pei, J. C. Corredor, B. D. Griffin, P. J. Krell, E. Nagy, "Fowl adenovirus 4 (FAdV-4)-based infectious clone for vaccine vector development and viral gene function studies," Viruses 10, 97 (2018)
    [Crossref]

2020 (5)

F. Moradiani, A. Farmani, M. Yavarian, A. Mir, F. Behzadfar, "A multimode graphene plasmonic perfect absorber at terahertz frequencies," Phys. E: Low-Dimens. Syst. Nanostruct. 122, 114159 (2020)
[Crossref]

M. H. Mozaffari, A. Farmani, "On-chip single-mode optofluidic microresonator dye laser sensor," IEEE Sens. J. 20, 3556‒3563 (2020)
[Crossref]

N. Amoosoltani, N. Yasrebi, A. Farmani, A. Zarifkar, "A plasmonic nano-biosensor based on two consecutive disk resonators and unidirectional reflectionless propagation effect," IEEE Sens. J. 20, 9097‒9104 (2020)
[Crossref]

A. M. Martya, M. K. Jones, "Editorial commentary," One Helth 9, 100123 (2020)
[Crossref]

I. S. Amiri, M. K. Sahoo, S. K. Sahu, S. Behera, G. Palai, "Realization of white LED using plasmonic-based photonic structure through reflection absorption and transmission analysis," Optik 207, 163863 (2020)
[Crossref]

2019 (2)

2018 (2)

S. R. Ahmed, S. W. Kang, S. Oh, J. Lee, S. Neethirajan, "Chiral zirconiumquantum dots: A new class of nanocrystals for optical detection of coronavirus," Heliyon 4, e00766 (2018)
[Crossref]

Y. Pei, J. C. Corredor, B. D. Griffin, P. J. Krell, E. Nagy, "Fowl adenovirus 4 (FAdV-4)-based infectious clone for vaccine vector development and viral gene function studies," Viruses 10, 97 (2018)
[Crossref]

2017 (1)

D. Forni, R. Cagliani, M. Clerici, M. Sironi, "Molecular evolution of human coronavirus genomes," Trends Microbiol. 25, 35‒48 (2017)
[Crossref]

2012 (1)

B. M. Crossley, R. E. Mock, S. A. Callison, S. K. Hietala, "Identification and characterization of a novel alpaca respiratory coronavirus most closely related to the human coronavirus 229E," Viruses 4, 3689‒3700 (2012)
[Crossref]

2006 (2)

M. D. Migahed, H. M. Zidan, "Influence of UV-irradiation on the structure and optical properties of polycarbonate films," Curr. Appl. Phys. 6, 91‒96 (2006)
[Crossref]

A. Gambaryan, A. Tuzikov, G. Pazynina, N. Bovin, A. Balish, A. Klimov, "Evolution of the receptor binding phenotype of influenza A (H5) viruses," Virology 344, 432‒438 (2006)
[Crossref]

2005 (1)

C. Li, K. Yu, G. Tian, D. Yu, L. Liu, B. Jing, J. Ping, H. Chen, "Evolution of H9N2 influenza viruses from domestic poultry in Mainland China," Virology 340, 70‒83 (2005)
[Crossref]

2000 (1)

A. I. Karasin, I. H. Brown, S. Carman, C. W. Olsen, "Isolation and characterization of H4N6 avian influenza viruses from pigs with pneumonia in Canada," J. Virol. 74, 9322‒9327 (2000)
[Crossref]

1995 (1)

T. Horimoto, E. Rivera, J. Pearson, D. Senne, S. Krauss, Y. Kawaoka, R. G. Webster, "Origin and molecular changes associated with emergence of a highly pathogenic H5N2 influenza virus in Mexico," Virology 213, 223‒230 (1995)
[Crossref]

Ahmed, S. R.

S. R. Ahmed, S. W. Kang, S. Oh, J. Lee, S. Neethirajan, "Chiral zirconiumquantum dots: A new class of nanocrystals for optical detection of coronavirus," Heliyon 4, e00766 (2018)
[Crossref]

Amiri, I. S.

I. S. Amiri, M. K. Sahoo, S. K. Sahu, S. Behera, G. Palai, "Realization of white LED using plasmonic-based photonic structure through reflection absorption and transmission analysis," Optik 207, 163863 (2020)
[Crossref]

Amoosoltani, N.

N. Amoosoltani, N. Yasrebi, A. Farmani, A. Zarifkar, "A plasmonic nano-biosensor based on two consecutive disk resonators and unidirectional reflectionless propagation effect," IEEE Sens. J. 20, 9097‒9104 (2020)
[Crossref]

Balish, A.

A. Gambaryan, A. Tuzikov, G. Pazynina, N. Bovin, A. Balish, A. Klimov, "Evolution of the receptor binding phenotype of influenza A (H5) viruses," Virology 344, 432‒438 (2006)
[Crossref]

Behera, S.

I. S. Amiri, M. K. Sahoo, S. K. Sahu, S. Behera, G. Palai, "Realization of white LED using plasmonic-based photonic structure through reflection absorption and transmission analysis," Optik 207, 163863 (2020)
[Crossref]

Behzadfar, F.

F. Moradiani, A. Farmani, M. Yavarian, A. Mir, F. Behzadfar, "A multimode graphene plasmonic perfect absorber at terahertz frequencies," Phys. E: Low-Dimens. Syst. Nanostruct. 122, 114159 (2020)
[Crossref]

Bovin, N.

A. Gambaryan, A. Tuzikov, G. Pazynina, N. Bovin, A. Balish, A. Klimov, "Evolution of the receptor binding phenotype of influenza A (H5) viruses," Virology 344, 432‒438 (2006)
[Crossref]

Brown, I. H.

A. I. Karasin, I. H. Brown, S. Carman, C. W. Olsen, "Isolation and characterization of H4N6 avian influenza viruses from pigs with pneumonia in Canada," J. Virol. 74, 9322‒9327 (2000)
[Crossref]

Cagliani, R.

D. Forni, R. Cagliani, M. Clerici, M. Sironi, "Molecular evolution of human coronavirus genomes," Trends Microbiol. 25, 35‒48 (2017)
[Crossref]

Callison, S. A.

B. M. Crossley, R. E. Mock, S. A. Callison, S. K. Hietala, "Identification and characterization of a novel alpaca respiratory coronavirus most closely related to the human coronavirus 229E," Viruses 4, 3689‒3700 (2012)
[Crossref]

Carman, S.

A. I. Karasin, I. H. Brown, S. Carman, C. W. Olsen, "Isolation and characterization of H4N6 avian influenza viruses from pigs with pneumonia in Canada," J. Virol. 74, 9322‒9327 (2000)
[Crossref]

Chahal, R. P.

A. K. Tomar, S. Mahendia, R. P. Chahal, S. Kumar, Photoluminescence and refractive index behavior of PMMA-PAni blends .

Chen, H.

C. Li, K. Yu, G. Tian, D. Yu, L. Liu, B. Jing, J. Ping, H. Chen, "Evolution of H9N2 influenza viruses from domestic poultry in Mainland China," Virology 340, 70‒83 (2005)
[Crossref]

Clerici, M.

D. Forni, R. Cagliani, M. Clerici, M. Sironi, "Molecular evolution of human coronavirus genomes," Trends Microbiol. 25, 35‒48 (2017)
[Crossref]

Corredor, J. C.

Y. Pei, J. C. Corredor, B. D. Griffin, P. J. Krell, E. Nagy, "Fowl adenovirus 4 (FAdV-4)-based infectious clone for vaccine vector development and viral gene function studies," Viruses 10, 97 (2018)
[Crossref]

Crossley, B. M.

B. M. Crossley, R. E. Mock, S. A. Callison, S. K. Hietala, "Identification and characterization of a novel alpaca respiratory coronavirus most closely related to the human coronavirus 229E," Viruses 4, 3689‒3700 (2012)
[Crossref]

Cui, J.

J. Cui, F. Li, Z.-L. Shi, "Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses," Nature Rev. Microbiol. 17, 181‒192 (2019)
[Crossref]

Daghooghi, T.

A. Farmani, M. Soroosh, M. H. Mozaffari, T. Daghooghi, Nanosensors for Smart Cities (Micro and Nano Technologies Sereies) .

Farmani, A.

M. H. Mozaffari, A. Farmani, "On-chip single-mode optofluidic microresonator dye laser sensor," IEEE Sens. J. 20, 3556‒3563 (2020)
[Crossref]

N. Amoosoltani, N. Yasrebi, A. Farmani, A. Zarifkar, "A plasmonic nano-biosensor based on two consecutive disk resonators and unidirectional reflectionless propagation effect," IEEE Sens. J. 20, 9097‒9104 (2020)
[Crossref]

F. Moradiani, A. Farmani, M. Yavarian, A. Mir, F. Behzadfar, "A multimode graphene plasmonic perfect absorber at terahertz frequencies," Phys. E: Low-Dimens. Syst. Nanostruct. 122, 114159 (2020)
[Crossref]

Z. Hamzavi-Zarghani, A. Yahaghi, L. Matekovits, A. Farmani, "Tunable mantle cloaking utilizing graphene metasurface for terahertz sensing applications," Opt. Express 27, 34824‒34837 (2019)
[Crossref]

A. Farmani, M. Soroosh, M. H. Mozaffari, T. Daghooghi, Nanosensors for Smart Cities (Micro and Nano Technologies Sereies) .

Forni, D.

D. Forni, R. Cagliani, M. Clerici, M. Sironi, "Molecular evolution of human coronavirus genomes," Trends Microbiol. 25, 35‒48 (2017)
[Crossref]

Gambaryan, A.

A. Gambaryan, A. Tuzikov, G. Pazynina, N. Bovin, A. Balish, A. Klimov, "Evolution of the receptor binding phenotype of influenza A (H5) viruses," Virology 344, 432‒438 (2006)
[Crossref]

Griffin, B. D.

Y. Pei, J. C. Corredor, B. D. Griffin, P. J. Krell, E. Nagy, "Fowl adenovirus 4 (FAdV-4)-based infectious clone for vaccine vector development and viral gene function studies," Viruses 10, 97 (2018)
[Crossref]

Hamzavi-Zarghani, Z.

Hietala, S. K.

B. M. Crossley, R. E. Mock, S. A. Callison, S. K. Hietala, "Identification and characterization of a novel alpaca respiratory coronavirus most closely related to the human coronavirus 229E," Viruses 4, 3689‒3700 (2012)
[Crossref]

Horimoto, T.

T. Horimoto, E. Rivera, J. Pearson, D. Senne, S. Krauss, Y. Kawaoka, R. G. Webster, "Origin and molecular changes associated with emergence of a highly pathogenic H5N2 influenza virus in Mexico," Virology 213, 223‒230 (1995)
[Crossref]

Jing, B.

C. Li, K. Yu, G. Tian, D. Yu, L. Liu, B. Jing, J. Ping, H. Chen, "Evolution of H9N2 influenza viruses from domestic poultry in Mainland China," Virology 340, 70‒83 (2005)
[Crossref]

Jones, M. K.

A. M. Martya, M. K. Jones, "Editorial commentary," One Helth 9, 100123 (2020)
[Crossref]

Kang, S. W.

S. R. Ahmed, S. W. Kang, S. Oh, J. Lee, S. Neethirajan, "Chiral zirconiumquantum dots: A new class of nanocrystals for optical detection of coronavirus," Heliyon 4, e00766 (2018)
[Crossref]

Karasin, A. I.

A. I. Karasin, I. H. Brown, S. Carman, C. W. Olsen, "Isolation and characterization of H4N6 avian influenza viruses from pigs with pneumonia in Canada," J. Virol. 74, 9322‒9327 (2000)
[Crossref]

Kawaoka, Y.

T. Horimoto, E. Rivera, J. Pearson, D. Senne, S. Krauss, Y. Kawaoka, R. G. Webster, "Origin and molecular changes associated with emergence of a highly pathogenic H5N2 influenza virus in Mexico," Virology 213, 223‒230 (1995)
[Crossref]

Klimov, A.

A. Gambaryan, A. Tuzikov, G. Pazynina, N. Bovin, A. Balish, A. Klimov, "Evolution of the receptor binding phenotype of influenza A (H5) viruses," Virology 344, 432‒438 (2006)
[Crossref]

Krauss, S.

T. Horimoto, E. Rivera, J. Pearson, D. Senne, S. Krauss, Y. Kawaoka, R. G. Webster, "Origin and molecular changes associated with emergence of a highly pathogenic H5N2 influenza virus in Mexico," Virology 213, 223‒230 (1995)
[Crossref]

Krell, P. J.

Y. Pei, J. C. Corredor, B. D. Griffin, P. J. Krell, E. Nagy, "Fowl adenovirus 4 (FAdV-4)-based infectious clone for vaccine vector development and viral gene function studies," Viruses 10, 97 (2018)
[Crossref]

Kumar, S.

A. K. Tomar, S. Mahendia, R. P. Chahal, S. Kumar, Photoluminescence and refractive index behavior of PMMA-PAni blends .

Lee, J.

S. R. Ahmed, S. W. Kang, S. Oh, J. Lee, S. Neethirajan, "Chiral zirconiumquantum dots: A new class of nanocrystals for optical detection of coronavirus," Heliyon 4, e00766 (2018)
[Crossref]

Li, C.

C. Li, K. Yu, G. Tian, D. Yu, L. Liu, B. Jing, J. Ping, H. Chen, "Evolution of H9N2 influenza viruses from domestic poultry in Mainland China," Virology 340, 70‒83 (2005)
[Crossref]

Li, F.

J. Cui, F. Li, Z.-L. Shi, "Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses," Nature Rev. Microbiol. 17, 181‒192 (2019)
[Crossref]

Liu, L.

C. Li, K. Yu, G. Tian, D. Yu, L. Liu, B. Jing, J. Ping, H. Chen, "Evolution of H9N2 influenza viruses from domestic poultry in Mainland China," Virology 340, 70‒83 (2005)
[Crossref]

Mahendia, S.

A. K. Tomar, S. Mahendia, R. P. Chahal, S. Kumar, Photoluminescence and refractive index behavior of PMMA-PAni blends .

Martya, A. M.

A. M. Martya, M. K. Jones, "Editorial commentary," One Helth 9, 100123 (2020)
[Crossref]

Matekovits, L.

Migahed, M. D.

M. D. Migahed, H. M. Zidan, "Influence of UV-irradiation on the structure and optical properties of polycarbonate films," Curr. Appl. Phys. 6, 91‒96 (2006)
[Crossref]

Mir, A.

F. Moradiani, A. Farmani, M. Yavarian, A. Mir, F. Behzadfar, "A multimode graphene plasmonic perfect absorber at terahertz frequencies," Phys. E: Low-Dimens. Syst. Nanostruct. 122, 114159 (2020)
[Crossref]

Mock, R. E.

B. M. Crossley, R. E. Mock, S. A. Callison, S. K. Hietala, "Identification and characterization of a novel alpaca respiratory coronavirus most closely related to the human coronavirus 229E," Viruses 4, 3689‒3700 (2012)
[Crossref]

Moradiani, F.

F. Moradiani, A. Farmani, M. Yavarian, A. Mir, F. Behzadfar, "A multimode graphene plasmonic perfect absorber at terahertz frequencies," Phys. E: Low-Dimens. Syst. Nanostruct. 122, 114159 (2020)
[Crossref]

Mozaffari, M. H.

M. H. Mozaffari, A. Farmani, "On-chip single-mode optofluidic microresonator dye laser sensor," IEEE Sens. J. 20, 3556‒3563 (2020)
[Crossref]

A. Farmani, M. Soroosh, M. H. Mozaffari, T. Daghooghi, Nanosensors for Smart Cities (Micro and Nano Technologies Sereies) .

Nagy, E.

Y. Pei, J. C. Corredor, B. D. Griffin, P. J. Krell, E. Nagy, "Fowl adenovirus 4 (FAdV-4)-based infectious clone for vaccine vector development and viral gene function studies," Viruses 10, 97 (2018)
[Crossref]

Neethirajan, S.

S. R. Ahmed, S. W. Kang, S. Oh, J. Lee, S. Neethirajan, "Chiral zirconiumquantum dots: A new class of nanocrystals for optical detection of coronavirus," Heliyon 4, e00766 (2018)
[Crossref]

Oh, S.

S. R. Ahmed, S. W. Kang, S. Oh, J. Lee, S. Neethirajan, "Chiral zirconiumquantum dots: A new class of nanocrystals for optical detection of coronavirus," Heliyon 4, e00766 (2018)
[Crossref]

Olsen, C. W.

A. I. Karasin, I. H. Brown, S. Carman, C. W. Olsen, "Isolation and characterization of H4N6 avian influenza viruses from pigs with pneumonia in Canada," J. Virol. 74, 9322‒9327 (2000)
[Crossref]

Palai, G.

I. S. Amiri, M. K. Sahoo, S. K. Sahu, S. Behera, G. Palai, "Realization of white LED using plasmonic-based photonic structure through reflection absorption and transmission analysis," Optik 207, 163863 (2020)
[Crossref]

Pazynina, G.

A. Gambaryan, A. Tuzikov, G. Pazynina, N. Bovin, A. Balish, A. Klimov, "Evolution of the receptor binding phenotype of influenza A (H5) viruses," Virology 344, 432‒438 (2006)
[Crossref]

Pearson, J.

T. Horimoto, E. Rivera, J. Pearson, D. Senne, S. Krauss, Y. Kawaoka, R. G. Webster, "Origin and molecular changes associated with emergence of a highly pathogenic H5N2 influenza virus in Mexico," Virology 213, 223‒230 (1995)
[Crossref]

Pei, Y.

Y. Pei, J. C. Corredor, B. D. Griffin, P. J. Krell, E. Nagy, "Fowl adenovirus 4 (FAdV-4)-based infectious clone for vaccine vector development and viral gene function studies," Viruses 10, 97 (2018)
[Crossref]

Ping, J.

C. Li, K. Yu, G. Tian, D. Yu, L. Liu, B. Jing, J. Ping, H. Chen, "Evolution of H9N2 influenza viruses from domestic poultry in Mainland China," Virology 340, 70‒83 (2005)
[Crossref]

Rivera, E.

T. Horimoto, E. Rivera, J. Pearson, D. Senne, S. Krauss, Y. Kawaoka, R. G. Webster, "Origin and molecular changes associated with emergence of a highly pathogenic H5N2 influenza virus in Mexico," Virology 213, 223‒230 (1995)
[Crossref]

Sahoo, M. K.

I. S. Amiri, M. K. Sahoo, S. K. Sahu, S. Behera, G. Palai, "Realization of white LED using plasmonic-based photonic structure through reflection absorption and transmission analysis," Optik 207, 163863 (2020)
[Crossref]

Sahu, S. K.

I. S. Amiri, M. K. Sahoo, S. K. Sahu, S. Behera, G. Palai, "Realization of white LED using plasmonic-based photonic structure through reflection absorption and transmission analysis," Optik 207, 163863 (2020)
[Crossref]

Senne, D.

T. Horimoto, E. Rivera, J. Pearson, D. Senne, S. Krauss, Y. Kawaoka, R. G. Webster, "Origin and molecular changes associated with emergence of a highly pathogenic H5N2 influenza virus in Mexico," Virology 213, 223‒230 (1995)
[Crossref]

Shi, Z.-L.

J. Cui, F. Li, Z.-L. Shi, "Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses," Nature Rev. Microbiol. 17, 181‒192 (2019)
[Crossref]

Sironi, M.

D. Forni, R. Cagliani, M. Clerici, M. Sironi, "Molecular evolution of human coronavirus genomes," Trends Microbiol. 25, 35‒48 (2017)
[Crossref]

Soroosh, M.

A. Farmani, M. Soroosh, M. H. Mozaffari, T. Daghooghi, Nanosensors for Smart Cities (Micro and Nano Technologies Sereies) .

Tian, G.

C. Li, K. Yu, G. Tian, D. Yu, L. Liu, B. Jing, J. Ping, H. Chen, "Evolution of H9N2 influenza viruses from domestic poultry in Mainland China," Virology 340, 70‒83 (2005)
[Crossref]

Tomar, A. K.

A. K. Tomar, S. Mahendia, R. P. Chahal, S. Kumar, Photoluminescence and refractive index behavior of PMMA-PAni blends .

Tuzikov, A.

A. Gambaryan, A. Tuzikov, G. Pazynina, N. Bovin, A. Balish, A. Klimov, "Evolution of the receptor binding phenotype of influenza A (H5) viruses," Virology 344, 432‒438 (2006)
[Crossref]

Webster, R. G.

T. Horimoto, E. Rivera, J. Pearson, D. Senne, S. Krauss, Y. Kawaoka, R. G. Webster, "Origin and molecular changes associated with emergence of a highly pathogenic H5N2 influenza virus in Mexico," Virology 213, 223‒230 (1995)
[Crossref]

Yahaghi, A.

Yasrebi, N.

N. Amoosoltani, N. Yasrebi, A. Farmani, A. Zarifkar, "A plasmonic nano-biosensor based on two consecutive disk resonators and unidirectional reflectionless propagation effect," IEEE Sens. J. 20, 9097‒9104 (2020)
[Crossref]

Yavarian, M.

F. Moradiani, A. Farmani, M. Yavarian, A. Mir, F. Behzadfar, "A multimode graphene plasmonic perfect absorber at terahertz frequencies," Phys. E: Low-Dimens. Syst. Nanostruct. 122, 114159 (2020)
[Crossref]

Yu, D.

C. Li, K. Yu, G. Tian, D. Yu, L. Liu, B. Jing, J. Ping, H. Chen, "Evolution of H9N2 influenza viruses from domestic poultry in Mainland China," Virology 340, 70‒83 (2005)
[Crossref]

Yu, K.

C. Li, K. Yu, G. Tian, D. Yu, L. Liu, B. Jing, J. Ping, H. Chen, "Evolution of H9N2 influenza viruses from domestic poultry in Mainland China," Virology 340, 70‒83 (2005)
[Crossref]

Zarifkar, A.

N. Amoosoltani, N. Yasrebi, A. Farmani, A. Zarifkar, "A plasmonic nano-biosensor based on two consecutive disk resonators and unidirectional reflectionless propagation effect," IEEE Sens. J. 20, 9097‒9104 (2020)
[Crossref]

Zidan, H. M.

M. D. Migahed, H. M. Zidan, "Influence of UV-irradiation on the structure and optical properties of polycarbonate films," Curr. Appl. Phys. 6, 91‒96 (2006)
[Crossref]

Curr. Appl. Phys. (1)

M. D. Migahed, H. M. Zidan, "Influence of UV-irradiation on the structure and optical properties of polycarbonate films," Curr. Appl. Phys. 6, 91‒96 (2006)
[Crossref]

Heliyon (1)

S. R. Ahmed, S. W. Kang, S. Oh, J. Lee, S. Neethirajan, "Chiral zirconiumquantum dots: A new class of nanocrystals for optical detection of coronavirus," Heliyon 4, e00766 (2018)
[Crossref]

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