Comprehensive model for technoeconomic studies of next-generation central offices for metro networks

José Alberto Hernández; Marco Quagliotti; Laura Serra; Lourdes Luque; Rafael López da Silva; Albert Rafel; Óscar González de Dios; Víctor López; Antonio Eira; Ramon Casellas; Andrew Lord; Joao Pedro; Joao Pedro; David Larrabeiti

doi:10.1364/JOCN.402167

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
Vol. 12,
Issue 12,
pp. 414-427
(2020)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.402167

Comprehensive model for technoeconomic studies of next-generation central offices for metro networks

José Alberto Hernández, Marco Quagliotti, Laura Serra, Lourdes Luque, Rafael López da Silva, Albert Rafel, Óscar González de Dios, Víctor López, Antonio Eira, Ramon Casellas, Andrew Lord, Joao Pedro, and David Larrabeiti

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José Alberto Hernández, Marco Quagliotti, Laura Serra, Lourdes Luque, Rafael López da Silva, Albert Rafel, Óscar González de Dios, Víctor López, Antonio Eira, Ramon Casellas, Andrew Lord, Joao Pedro, and David Larrabeiti, "Comprehensive model for technoeconomic studies of next-generation central offices for metro networks," J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 12, 414-427 (2020)

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Abstract

This paper introduces a novel and simplified cost model for designing and evaluating a Central Office Rearchitected as a Datacenter (CORD). The model includes equipment and elements for the realization of optical, packet switching, and data center parts with a special focus not only on relative costs but also on power consumption figures. The cost model is then applied to the design and comparison of a metropolitan area network (MAN) including both aggregation and metrocore nodes following several MAN node architectures based on CORD-like leaf-and-spine fabric. In particular, equipment disaggregation at the Central Offices, both on the packet-switching and optical components, can provide important cost savings to telco operators. On the other hand, incorporating computing/storage capabilities in the MAN for the realization of multiaccess edge computing (MEC) has a significant impact on the total network cost but especially on power consumption.

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AMEN	Access-Metro Edge Node
AI	Artificial Intelligence
CAPEX	Capital Expenditures
CO	Central Office
CORD	Central Office Rearchitected as a Data Center
C-RAN	Cloud/Centralized Radio Access Network
CU	Cost Unit
DC	Data Center
DCM	Dispersion Compensation Module
DSLAM	Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
DU/CU	Distributed Unit/Centralized Unit
eMBB	enhanced Mobile Broadband
HH	Household
HW	Hardware
IM/DD	Intensity Modulation/Direct Detection
KPI	Key Performance Indicator
LOC	Lines Of Code
MAN	Metropolitan Area Network
MCEN	Metro-Core Edge Node
MEC	Multi-access Edge Computing
ML	Machine Learning
mMTC	massive Machine-Type Communications
NAS	Network-Attached Storage
OLA	Optical Line Amplification
OLT	Optical Line Terminal
ONOS	Open Network Operating System
OPEX	Operational Expenditures
PON	Passive Optical Network
ROADM	Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer
S-BVT	Sliceable Bandwidth Variable Transponder
SDN	Software Defined Networking
SSD	Solid State Drive
SW	Software
TOR	Top-of-the-Rack
$µ$ DC	micro Datacenter
UPF	User Plane Function
URLLC	Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications
vBNG	virtual Border Network Gateway
VNF	Virtual Network Function
WDM	Wavelength Division Multiplexing
WSS	Wavelength Selective Switch

Optical Components
Name	Cost (Normalized)	Power Consumption
Generic Optical Components
DCM for 20 km spans	0.2	0 (power associated with shelf/controller)
Optical splitter $1 \times 2$ for wavelength blocker	0.004	0 (power associated with shelf/controller)
Optical splitter $1 \times 4$	0.01	0 (power associated with shelf/controller)
Optical splitter $1 \times 8$	0.02	0 (power associated with shelf/controller)
EDFA dual-stage var. gain (booster $+$ preamp)	0.6	27 W (typ), 33 W (max)
Wavelength blocker, only blocker, one direction	0.8	7.2 W (typ), 12 W (max)
WSS $1 \times 4$ fix/flex-grid (one direction), B&S confs $+$ power eqz	1.1	30 W (typ), 50 W (max)
WSS $1 \times 9$ fix/flex-grid (one direction), B&S confs $+$ power eqz	2.2	40 W (typ), 75 W (max)
WSS $1 \times 20$ fix/flex-grid (one direction), B&S confs $+$ power eqz	3	75 W (typ), 100 W (max)
Fixed-grid Mux/Demux (80 ch.)	0.8	0 (power associated with shelf/controller)
Colored WDM Transponders (Fixgrid)
10G (includes client $+$ line pluggables)	1	58 W (typ), 77 W (max)
25/50G PAM4 (includes client $+$ line pluggables)	3.5	58 W (typ), 77 W (max)
100G coherent (includes client $+$ line pluggables)	5	95 W (typ), 120 W (max)
400G coherent, (includes client $+$ line pluggables)	12	160 W (typ), 200 W (max)
Flexible Transponders
200G BVT (QPSK/8-QAM/16-QAM), $4 \times$ QSFP28 at client side	8	125 (typ), 145 W (max) including pluggables
S-BVT transceiver $2 \times 50 G$ (MCM/DD), lab prototype (50 km reach)	2.7	58 W (typ), 77 W (max) (per carrier pair)
BVT transponder 100–600G, variable baud-rate/mod-format	17	140–220 W (typ), 220 W (max)

Packet Components
Name	Cost (Normalized)	Power Consumption
Carrier-Class Switches (Chipset Jericho $+$ )
XXSmall (up to 400G)	4	300 W
XSmall (up to 800G)	8	450 W
Small (up to 1.6T)	16	670 W
Medium (up to 3.2T)	32	1000 W
Large (up to 6.4T)	64	1500 W
XLarge (up to 12.8T)	128	2200 W
XXLarge (up to 25.6T)	256	3250 W
DC-Like Switches (Chipset Tomahawk2)
XXSmall (up to 400G)	2	200 W
XSmall (up to 800G)	4	300 W
Small (up to 1.6T)	8	450 W
Medium (up to 3.2T)	16	700 W
Large (up to 6.4T)	32	1100 W
XLarge (up to 12.8T)	64	1600 W
XXLarge (up to 25.6T)	128	2500 W
IP Routers (Fixed Configuration, Including Chassis and Line Cards)
XXSmall (up to 400G)	12	2000 W
XSmall (up to 800G)	24	2500 W
Small (up to 1.6T)	48	3100 W
Medium (up to 3.2T)	96	3900 W
Large (up to 6.4T)	192	4900 W
XLarge (up to 12.8T)	384	6100 W
XXLarge (up to 25.6T)	768	7600 W
Pluggables
10G SFP $+$ copper	0.01	1.2 W
40G QSFP copper	0.02	1.5 W
100G QSFP copper	0.04	5 W
10G SFP $+$ short range	0.016	1.5 W
40G QSFP short range	0.05	5 W
100G QSFP28 short range	0.1	5 W
400G CFP short range	0.6	15 W

Data-Center Components
Name	Cost (Normalized)	Power Consumption
Compute Nodes
Small (Intel Xeon Gold 8 cores, 64 GB RAM, 600 GB HDD)	0.7	1100 W
Medium (Intel Xeon Gold 16 cores, 128 GB RAM, 1.2 TB HDD)	1.7	1600 W
Large (Intel Xeon Platinum 2 CPU $\times$ 24 cores, 128 RAM, 3.6 TB HDD)	2.6	2000 W
XLarge (Intel Xeon Platinum 4 CPU $\times$ 24 cores, 192 RAM, 3.6 TB HDD)	3.9	2400 W
Storage
SSD Small 4 TB	0.2	–
SSD Large 8 TB	0.4	–
NAS Small 20 TB	2.1	140 W
NAS Medium 60 TB	3.1	140 W
NAS Large 120 TB	4.6	200 W
NAS XLarge 400 TB	6.3	200 W
Other Specialized Hardware
HW firewall	7	310 W
Load balancer Small	1.1	150 W
Load balancer Medium	2.8	150 W
Load balancer Large	5	150 W

DC Profile	AMEN	MCEN	Total in MAN
Basic	240	2400	27,369
High C	240	6000	48,960
High B	480	4800	54,720
High D	720	3600	60,480

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Tables (5)

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking