Multi-OLT PON-based open access network for multi-service performance tuning via the Event-Horizon algorithm

Fahmida Rawshan; Monir Hossen; Md. Rafiqul Islam; Youngil Park

doi:10.1364/JOCN.479756

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
Vol. 15,
Issue 4,
pp. 229-240
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.479756

Multi-OLT PON-based open access network for multi-service performance tuning via the Event-Horizon algorithm

Fahmida Rawshan, Monir Hossen, Md. Rafiqul Islam, and Youngil Park

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Fahmida Rawshan, Monir Hossen, Md. Rafiqul Islam, and Youngil Park, "Multi-OLT PON-based open access network for multi-service performance tuning via the Event-Horizon algorithm," J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 15, 229-240 (2023)

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Abstract

A multi-optical line terminal (multi-OLT) passive optical network (PON) is gaining attention for its multi-access, wide coverage, and integration capabilities. It outperforms conventional single OLT PON, reducing operational complexities, packet delay, and loss. A novel multi-OLT PON-based open-access network (OAN) architecture is proposed that integrates various service providers (SPs) as well as different access networks. Optical network unit structure is also designed to support differential access. The challenging issue here is to incorporate heterogeneous SPs and provoke downstream service with their application diversity. This paper presents what we believe is a novel algorithm named Event-Horizon (EH) to afford heterogeneous downstream services from different SPs for IEEE PONs [Ethernet PON (EPON) and 10 gigabit EPON (10G EPON)]. It incites SP competitiveness and ensures a user experience of seamless migration from service to service. Downstream resource allocation is an atypical issue in the PON area. There are reported numerous online schemes with prediction for the upstream side. Since network data is highly bursty and unpredictable, the EH algorithm uses the machine-learning-based bootstrapping method as its prediction tool. The algorithm improves downstream performance by four distinctive features. First, bandwidth is guaranteed among shared SPs according to service level agreements. Second, bandwidth is allocated for reported data; then excess bandwidth is reallocated as predicted (by bootstrapping) differed data. Third, a donor SP preserves margin before excess bandwidth release, which is a nonlinear process featuring network dynamics. Fourth, the margin satisfaction factor is formulated for tuning multi-service user satisfaction according to quality of service. The simulation is performed by a model OAN showing an emergency medical wireless sensor network (WSN) as the master shareholder OLT and a fiber to the home (FTTH) as a subsidiary one. Performance tuning on the margin reservation of 1% for the WSN case study shows 99.4% network efficiency with maximum jitter of 50 µs up to the full load owing 97.26% throughput. Network delay justifies CISCO and ITU-T requirements for real-time IP traffic. FTTH experiences the packet loss of 0.68% using the EH algorithm at the full load, maintaining WSN emergency service packet ${\rm loss} \lt {0.003}\%$.

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Refs.	Description
[10,11]	Multi-OLT PON is introduced with the basic protocol issues. A bandwidth allocation algorithm named shared-bandwidth DBA is proposed to demonstrate downstream resources among multiple SPs in fixed SLA and predefined traffic environments. The main limitation of this scheme is that it cannot cope with real-time dynamic multi-service traffic environments.
[12]	A two-OLT PON-based hybrid FTTH and WSN system is presented where only one OLT provides service to a single ONU. Downstream investigation is ignored. User traffic is predicted by the linear weight factor only.
[13]	An OAN is proposed where multiple numbers of SPs serve each ONU. The system proposes only one downlink wavelength and multiple uplink wavelengths. However, ONU construction complexities increase the costs and limit the upstream SP number.
[14]	The performance of an integrated 10G PON and an enhanced distributed channel access based wireless fidelity network is analyzed for upstream. The downstream direction is not discussed.
This paper	This effort aims to extend multi-OLT PON architecture to fit an OAN. The ONU structure is designed such that a single user can access multiple SPs via multiple OLTs. Multiple wavelengths are used both for upstream and downstream. SPs can independently utilize a wavelength or even share according to the SLA. EH-DBA is proposed to cope with highly bursty downstream dynamic environments. It preserves a nonlinear margin for the master SP and provides tuning to justify subsidiary-service user satisfaction.

Parameter	Description
$BW$	Network bandwidth
${BW}_{m, s}^{g}$	Guaranteed bandwidth for ${O L T}_{m, s}$
${BW}_{m}^{d}$	Bandwidth demand of ${O L T}_{m}$
${BW}_{m}^{r}$	Bandwidth release from ${O L T}_{m}$
${BW}_{m, s}$	Activated bandwidth of ${O L T}_{m, s}$
${BW}_{m}^{mr}$	Bandwidth margin for ${O L T}_{m}$
$F$	Fine-tuning factor
$F_{opt}^{Bt}$	Bootstrapped optimum $F$
$G_{m, s}$	Generation ratio of ${O L T}_{m, s}$
$G_{m, s}^{Bt}$	Bootstrapped generation ratio for ${O L T}_{m, s}$
$L$	Net downstream load
$L_{m, s}$	Load from ${O L T}_{m, s}$
$L_{o}$	Lower limit for EHL
$L_{u}$	Upper limit for EHL
$M_{m}$	Margin reservation factor for ${O L T}_{m}$
$R_{m, s}$	Bandwidth reservation ratio of ${O L T}_{m, s}$
$ζ_{m}$	Margin satisfaction factor for ${O L T}_{m}$
$z$	Shifted sigmoid
$Z_{max}$	Maximum value of $z$

$G_{m}$	$G_{s}$	$F_{o p t}$
0.7	0.3	2.277816
0.6	0.4	2.078344
0.5	0.5	2.02002
0.4	0.6	1.999729
0.3	0.7	2.001606
0.2	0.8	2.033117
0.1	0.9	2.170527

Parameter	Notation
Packet delay,
$d = d_{Tx} + d_{Pr} + d_{Q} + d_{Ps}$	$d_{Tx} =$ Transmission delay
Jitter,	$d_{Pr}$ = Propagation delay
$J = \frac{1}{n} \sqrt{\sum_{j \in n} {(d_{cycle}^{j} - d_{cycle}^{j - 1})}^{2}}$	$d_{Q} =$ Queuing delay
	$d_{Ps}$ = Processing delay
Downstream efficiency,	$n$ = total time cycles
$η = D_{Tx} / (D_{Gen} + T_{c})$	$d_{c y c l e}^{j} = a v e r a g e$ delay of
Bandwidth utilization,	cycle $j$ , and $j = 1, 2, 3, \dots, n$
$BwU = D_{Tx} / (D_{Tx} + T_{c})$	$D_{Tx} =$ Transmitted data
Packet loss,	$D_{Gen} =$ Generated data
$PL = (1 - D_{Tx} / D_{Gen}) \times 100 %$	$T_{c}$ = Control frames
Throughput,	$C$ = Transmission capacity
$Tpt = D_{Tx} / C$

Parameter	Value
Network capacity (C)	1 Gbps
Number of OLTs (M)	2
Number of ONUs	16
Bandwidth reservation ( $R_{m} : R_{s}$ )	80%:20%
Buffer size at the OLT (Q)	10 MB
Buffer size at the ONU (q)	1 MB
Cycle time (T)	2 ms
Control message (GATE/REPORT)	84 bytes
Guard time ( $T_{g u a r d} = F R T T + C D R$ ) FRTT: fluctuation of the RTT, CDR: clock and data recovery	2 µs

Packet Size (Bytes)	Percentage of Byte Volume
64	4.0%
65–552	23.0%
553–1499	18.0%
1500–1518	55.0%

Packet Size (Bytes)	Percentage of Byte Volume
64	4.0%
65–552	23.0%
553–1499	18.0%
1500–1518	55.0%

Abstract

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Equations (27)

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking