Introducing Node Architecture Flexibility for Elastic Optical Networks

Norberto Amaya; Georgios Zervas; Dimitra Simeonidou

doi:10.1364/JOCN.5.000593

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
Vol. 5,
Issue 6,
pp. 593-608
(2013)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.5.000593

Introducing Node Architecture Flexibility for Elastic Optical Networks

Norberto Amaya, Georgios Zervas, and Dimitra Simeonidou

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Norberto Amaya, Georgios Zervas, and Dimitra Simeonidou, "Introducing Node Architecture Flexibility for Elastic Optical Networks," J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 5, 593-608 (2013)

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Abstract

A large number of factors generate uncertainty on traffic demands and requirements. In order to deal with uncertainty optical nodes and networks are equipped with flexibility. In this context, we define several types of flexibility and propose a method, based on entropy maximization, to quantitatively evaluate the flexibility provided by optical node components, subsystems, and architectures. Using this method we demonstrate the equivalence, in terms of switching flexibility, of finer spectrum granularity, and faster reconfiguration rate. We also show that switching flexibility is closely related to bandwidth granularity. The proposed method is used to derive formulae for the switching flexibility of key optical node components and the switching and architectural flexibility of four elastic optical node configurations. The elastic optical nodes presented provide various degrees of flexibility and functionality that are discussed in the paper, from flexible spectrum switching to adaptive architectures that support elastic switching of frequency, time, and spatial resources plus on-demand spectrum defragmentation. We further complement this analysis by experimentally demonstrating flexible time, spectrum, and space switching plus dynamic architecture reconfiguration. The implemented architectures support continuous and subwavelength heterogeneous signals with bitrates ranging from $190 Mb / s$ , for a subwavelength channel, to $555 Gb / s$ for a multicarrier superchannel. Results show good performance and the feasibility of implementing the architecture-on-demand concept.

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	Broadcast and Select	Spectrum Routing	Switch and Select With Dynamic Functionality	AoD
Through loss (dB)	$3 ⌈ \log_{2} (N) ⌉ + L_{SSS}$	$2 L_{SSS}$	$3 ⌈ \log_{2} (N + P) ⌉ + L_{switch} + L_{SSS} + L_{f}$	$A.S. + (m + 1) L_{switch}$ for path with $m$ modules
SSS port count	$N$	$N$	$N + P$	$P$
Number of SSSs	$N - 1$	$2 (N - 1)$	$N - 1$	Depends on demand. In worst case: $N - 1$
Switch/backplane port count (inputs)	Not required	Not required	$N (N + P)$	$2 (N - 1) + N (N + P)$ for same modules as S.S.
Switching flexibility	$n k W (N - 1) \log (N + 1)$	See Eq. (17)	If $P = 0$ , same as broadcast and select	Architecture specific
Relative routing flexibility	—	—	Medium	High
Relative functional flexibility	Low	Low	Medium	High
Architectural flexibility	—	—	—	See Eqs. (18)–(20)

Channel	$λ$ (nm)	Bitrate (Gb/s)	Format	IN Port	OUT Port	Switching	Path	Bw (GHz)	Loss (dB)
$λ_{1}$ -SC1	1549.32	42.7	RZ	1	1	$t$ , $f$	IN1–SP1(1,2)–PLZT(1,1)–EDFA3(1,1)–SSS(3,1)–OUT1	150	4.5
$λ_{1}$ -SC2	1549.32	42.7	RZ	1	2	$t$ , $f$	IN1–SP1(1,2)–PLZT(1,2)–EDFA4(1,1)–MUX(9,1)–OUT2	175	8.3
$λ_{2}$	1551.32	42.7	RZ	1	1	$f$	IN1–SP1(1,1)–SSS(1,1)–OUT1	150	8.8
$λ_{3}$	1552.52	42.7	RZ	1	2	$f$	IN1–SP1(1,3)–DEMUX1(1,11)–MUX(11,1)–OUT2	175	11.9
$λ_{4}$	1553.73	42.7	RZ	1	1	$f$	IN1–SP1(1,1)–SSS(1,1)–OUT1	150	8.8
$λ_{5}$	1555.75	42.7	NRZ	1	1	$f$	IN1–SP1(1,1)–SSS(1,1)–OUT1	150	8.8
$λ_{6}$	1556.55	42.7	NRZ	1	1	$f$	IN1–SP1(1,1)–SSS(1,1)–OUT1	150	8.8
$λ_{7}$	1557.36	42.7	NRZ	1	1	$f$	IN1–SP1(1,3)–DEMUX1(1,14)–MUX(14,1)–OUT2	175	11.9
$λ_{8}$	1558.17	42.7	NRZ	1	1	$f$	IN1–SP1(1,1)–SSS(1,1)–OUT1	150	8.8
$λ_{9}$ -SC1	1549.32	12.25	NRZ	2	1	$t$ , $f$	IN2–SP2(1,1)–PLZT(2,1)–EDFA3(1,1)–SSS(3,1)–OUT1	150	4.1
$λ_{10}$ -SC1	1550.92	12.25	NRZ	2	2	$f$	IN2–SP2(1,3)–DEMUX2(1,10)–MUX(10,1)–OUT2	175	13.1
$λ_{11}$	1552.52	12.25	NRZ	2	1	$f$	IN2–SP2(1,1)–SSS(2,1)–OUT1	50	4.1
$λ_{12}$	1555.75	12.25	NRZ	2	2	$f$	IN2–SP2(1,2)–DEMUX2(1,13)–MUX(13,1)–OUT2	175	13.1
$λ_{13}$	1532.67	170.8	RZ	2	1	$f$	IN2–SP2(1,1)–SSS(2,1)–OUT1	400	4.1
$λ_{14} - λ_{33}$	1536.61–1551.72	12.5	NRZ	3	3	fiber	IN3–OUT3	—	2

	Broadcast and Select	Spectrum Routing	Switch and Select With Dynamic Functionality	AoD
Through loss (dB)	$3 ⌈ \log_{2} (N) ⌉ + L_{SSS}$	$2 L_{SSS}$	$3 ⌈ \log_{2} (N + P) ⌉ + L_{switch} + L_{SSS} + L_{f}$	$A.S. + (m + 1) L_{switch}$ for path with $m$ modules
SSS port count	$N$	$N$	$N + P$	$P$
Number of SSSs	$N - 1$	$2 (N - 1)$	$N - 1$	Depends on demand. In worst case: $N - 1$
Switch/backplane port count (inputs)	Not required	Not required	$N (N + P)$	$2 (N - 1) + N (N + P)$ for same modules as S.S.
Switching flexibility	$n k W (N - 1) \log (N + 1)$	See Eq. (17)	If $P = 0$ , same as broadcast and select	Architecture specific
Relative routing flexibility	—	—	Medium	High
Relative functional flexibility	Low	Low	Medium	High
Architectural flexibility	—	—	—	See Eqs. (18)–(20)

Channel	$λ$ (nm)	Bitrate (Gb/s)	Format	IN Port	OUT Port	Switching	Path	Bw (GHz)	Loss (dB)
$λ_{1}$ -SC1	1549.32	42.7	RZ	1	1	$t$ , $f$	IN1–SP1(1,2)–PLZT(1,1)–EDFA3(1,1)–SSS(3,1)–OUT1	150	4.5
$λ_{1}$ -SC2	1549.32	42.7	RZ	1	2	$t$ , $f$	IN1–SP1(1,2)–PLZT(1,2)–EDFA4(1,1)–MUX(9,1)–OUT2	175	8.3
$λ_{2}$	1551.32	42.7	RZ	1	1	$f$	IN1–SP1(1,1)–SSS(1,1)–OUT1	150	8.8
$λ_{3}$	1552.52	42.7	RZ	1	2	$f$	IN1–SP1(1,3)–DEMUX1(1,11)–MUX(11,1)–OUT2	175	11.9
$λ_{4}$	1553.73	42.7	RZ	1	1	$f$	IN1–SP1(1,1)–SSS(1,1)–OUT1	150	8.8
$λ_{5}$	1555.75	42.7	NRZ	1	1	$f$	IN1–SP1(1,1)–SSS(1,1)–OUT1	150	8.8
$λ_{6}$	1556.55	42.7	NRZ	1	1	$f$	IN1–SP1(1,1)–SSS(1,1)–OUT1	150	8.8
$λ_{7}$	1557.36	42.7	NRZ	1	1	$f$	IN1–SP1(1,3)–DEMUX1(1,14)–MUX(14,1)–OUT2	175	11.9
$λ_{8}$	1558.17	42.7	NRZ	1	1	$f$	IN1–SP1(1,1)–SSS(1,1)–OUT1	150	8.8
$λ_{9}$ -SC1	1549.32	12.25	NRZ	2	1	$t$ , $f$	IN2–SP2(1,1)–PLZT(2,1)–EDFA3(1,1)–SSS(3,1)–OUT1	150	4.1
$λ_{10}$ -SC1	1550.92	12.25	NRZ	2	2	$f$	IN2–SP2(1,3)–DEMUX2(1,10)–MUX(10,1)–OUT2	175	13.1
$λ_{11}$	1552.52	12.25	NRZ	2	1	$f$	IN2–SP2(1,1)–SSS(2,1)–OUT1	50	4.1
$λ_{12}$	1555.75	12.25	NRZ	2	2	$f$	IN2–SP2(1,2)–DEMUX2(1,13)–MUX(13,1)–OUT2	175	13.1
$λ_{13}$	1532.67	170.8	RZ	2	1	$f$	IN2–SP2(1,1)–SSS(2,1)–OUT1	400	4.1
$λ_{14} - λ_{33}$	1536.61–1551.72	12.5	NRZ	3	3	fiber	IN3–OUT3	—	2

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Equations (28)

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking