Design and analysis of strictly nonblocking WDM optical-switching networks

Haitham S. Hamza; Jitender S. Deogun

doi:10.1364/JON.6.000322

Journal of Optical Networking
Vol. 6,
Issue 4,
pp. 322-340
(2007)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JON.6.000322

Design and analysis of strictly nonblocking WDM optical-switching networks

Haitham S. Hamza and Jitender S. Deogun

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Haitham S. Hamza and Jitender S. Deogun, "Design and analysis of strictly nonblocking WDM optical-switching networks," J. Opt. Netw. 6, 322-340 (2007)

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Table of Contents Category
- Photonics in Switching
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The topics in this list come from the Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: October 6, 2006
- Revised Manuscript: January 12, 2007
- Manuscript Accepted: January 18, 2007
- Published: March 8, 2007
Virtual Issues
Journal of Optical Networking Photonics in Switching (2006)

Abstract

Two novel strictly nonblocking crossbar-like WDM networks are proposed and used to design what we believe to be new classes of Clos-type networks. The proposed Clos-type networks are based on two design methods, namely, the wavelength-interconnected and the fiber-interconnected methods. The proposed designs enforce wavelength conversion strictly between two prespecified and fixed wavelengths, thus eliminating the need for expensive wide-range wavelength converters. Analysis of hardware complexity shows that the proposed designs can achieve up to 30% reduction in overall cost compared with best-known WDM switching networks while using a smaller number of stages.

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Crossbar-like Designs	Number of SOAs	Number of WCs	Conversion Cost
Existing Designs
SOA-based [14]	$N^{2}$	N	$N W^{2}$
DC-based [27]	$N^{2}$	$(W - 1) F + N$	$(W - 1) F + N W$
Sparse-I–FWC [2]	$N (N - W + 1)$	N	$N W^{2}$
Sparse-II–FWC [2]	$N F$	$2 N$	$2 N W^{2}$
Sparse–LWC [16]	$N (N - c + 1)$	$2 N - F$	$(N) (c + 1) - F$
Proposed Crossbar-like Designs
Crossbar-I	$N F (W - 1)$	$\frac{N F (W - 1)}{2}$	$\frac{N F (W - 1)}{2}$

Crossbar-II	$N F (W - 1)$	$\frac{N (W^{2} - 1)}{2}$	$\frac{N (W^{2} - 1)}{2}$

Clos-Type Designs	Number of SOAs	Number of WCs	Conversion Cost	Condition
Existing Designs
LWC [14]	$2 \sqrt{c ∕ W} {(2 N)}^{3 ∕ 2}$	N	$N.c$	—
Sparse–FWC [2]	${(2 N)}^{3 ∕ 2} - N (W - 1)$	N	$N W^{2}$	—
Sparse–LWC [16]	${(2 N)}^{3 ∕ 2} - N (c - 1)$	$2 N - F$	$N (c + 1) - F$	—
Proposed Clos-I Designs
Clos-I W	$(1 + \sqrt{2}) N (N^{1 ∕ 2} - F^{1 ∕ 2})$	$\sqrt{2} N (N^{1 ∕ 2} - F^{1 ∕ 2})$	$\sqrt{2} N (N^{1 ∕ 2} - F^{1 ∕ 2})$	—
Clos-I F	$2 N^{3 ∕ 2}$	$\frac{1}{2} N^{1 ∕ 2} F (W - 1)$	$\frac{1}{2} N^{1 ∕ 2} F (W - 1)$	—
Proposed Clos-II Designs
Clos-II W-I	${(2)}^{3 ∕ 2} N (N^{1 ∕ 2} - F^{1 ∕ 2})$	$\frac{3}{2} N (W^{1 ∕ 2} - 1)$	$\frac{3}{2} N (W^{1 ∕ 2} - 1)$	$F < \frac{W}{2}$
Clos-II W-II	$N {(F)}^{1 ∕ 2} (2^{3 ∕ 2} W^{1 ∕ 2} - 3)$	$N (W^{1 ∕ 2} - \frac{3}{2})$	$N (W^{1 ∕ 2} - \frac{3}{2})$	$F < \frac{W}{2}$
Clos-II W-III	$N F^{1 ∕ 2} (3 W^{1 ∕ 2} - 2^{3 ∕ 2})$	$N (2^{1 ∕ 2} W^{1 ∕ 2} - \frac{3}{2})$	$N (2^{1 ∕ 2} W^{1 ∕ 2} - \frac{3}{2})$	$F < W$
Clos-II F-I	${(2 F)}^{3 ∕ 2} W \sqrt{W - 1}$	$\frac{N (W - 1)}{2}$	$\frac{N (W - 1)}{2}$	$F < \frac{W^{3}}{2}$
Clos-II F-II	$2 {(N)}^{3 ∕ 2}$	$\frac{N (W^{2} - 1)}{2}$	$\frac{N (W^{2} - 1)}{2}$	$F < W^{3}$

Crossbar-like Designs	Number of SOAs	Number of WCs	Conversion Cost
Existing Designs
SOA-based [14]	$N^{2}$	N	$N W^{2}$
DC-based [27]	$N^{2}$	$(W - 1) F + N$	$(W - 1) F + N W$
Sparse-I–FWC [2]	$N (N - W + 1)$	N	$N W^{2}$
Sparse-II–FWC [2]	$N F$	$2 N$	$2 N W^{2}$
Sparse–LWC [16]	$N (N - c + 1)$	$2 N - F$	$(N) (c + 1) - F$
Proposed Crossbar-like Designs
Crossbar-I	$N F (W - 1)$	$\frac{N F (W - 1)}{2}$	$\frac{N F (W - 1)}{2}$

Crossbar-II	$N F (W - 1)$	$\frac{N (W^{2} - 1)}{2}$	$\frac{N (W^{2} - 1)}{2}$

Clos-Type Designs	Number of SOAs	Number of WCs	Conversion Cost	Condition
Existing Designs
LWC [14]	$2 \sqrt{c ∕ W} {(2 N)}^{3 ∕ 2}$	N	$N.c$	—
Sparse–FWC [2]	${(2 N)}^{3 ∕ 2} - N (W - 1)$	N	$N W^{2}$	—
Sparse–LWC [16]	${(2 N)}^{3 ∕ 2} - N (c - 1)$	$2 N - F$	$N (c + 1) - F$	—
Proposed Clos-I Designs
Clos-I W	$(1 + \sqrt{2}) N (N^{1 ∕ 2} - F^{1 ∕ 2})$	$\sqrt{2} N (N^{1 ∕ 2} - F^{1 ∕ 2})$	$\sqrt{2} N (N^{1 ∕ 2} - F^{1 ∕ 2})$	—
Clos-I F	$2 N^{3 ∕ 2}$	$\frac{1}{2} N^{1 ∕ 2} F (W - 1)$	$\frac{1}{2} N^{1 ∕ 2} F (W - 1)$	—
Proposed Clos-II Designs
Clos-II W-I	${(2)}^{3 ∕ 2} N (N^{1 ∕ 2} - F^{1 ∕ 2})$	$\frac{3}{2} N (W^{1 ∕ 2} - 1)$	$\frac{3}{2} N (W^{1 ∕ 2} - 1)$	$F < \frac{W}{2}$
Clos-II W-II	$N {(F)}^{1 ∕ 2} (2^{3 ∕ 2} W^{1 ∕ 2} - 3)$	$N (W^{1 ∕ 2} - \frac{3}{2})$	$N (W^{1 ∕ 2} - \frac{3}{2})$	$F < \frac{W}{2}$
Clos-II W-III	$N F^{1 ∕ 2} (3 W^{1 ∕ 2} - 2^{3 ∕ 2})$	$N (2^{1 ∕ 2} W^{1 ∕ 2} - \frac{3}{2})$	$N (2^{1 ∕ 2} W^{1 ∕ 2} - \frac{3}{2})$	$F < W$
Clos-II F-I	${(2 F)}^{3 ∕ 2} W \sqrt{W - 1}$	$\frac{N (W - 1)}{2}$	$\frac{N (W - 1)}{2}$	$F < \frac{W^{3}}{2}$
Clos-II F-II	$2 {(N)}^{3 ∕ 2}$	$\frac{N (W^{2} - 1)}{2}$	$\frac{N (W^{2} - 1)}{2}$	$F < W^{3}$

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Journal of Optical Communications and Networking