Indication for the Existence of at Least Four Basic Excitations in Color Vision

Hermann von Schelling

doi:10.1364/JOSA.45.000209

Journal of the Optical Society of America
Vol. 45,
Issue 3,
pp. 209-215
(1955)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.45.000209

Indication for the Existence of at Least Four Basic Excitations in Color Vision

Hermann von Schelling

Not Accessible

Your library or personal account may give you access

Get PDF
Email
Share
Get Citation
Copy Citation Text
Hermann von Schelling, "Indication for the Existence of at Least Four Basic Excitations in Color Vision," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 45, 209-215 (1955)

Export Citation
- BibTex
- Endnote (RIS)
- HTML
- Plain Text
Citation alert
Save article

Abstract

The tristimulus values of the spectrum colors are expressed as linear functions of four normal distributions which have wavelength as abscissa. This separation explains the main facts of dichromatism. It suggests a new color triangle. One of its vertices has a negative y-coordinate. Pairs of the center points of the normal distributions are collinear with this blue corner of the elementary color triangle. For convenience this triangle is transformed to the orthogonal and isoceles shape. Finally a tentative mathematical expression is given for describing the spectrum locus. The results are compared with the trichromatic coefficients of the CIE Standard Observer.

Full Article | PDF Article

More Like This

Some Quantitative Aspects of an Opponent-Colors Theory. II. Brightness, Saturation, and Hue in Normal and Dichromatic Vision

Leo M. Hurvich and Dorothea Jameson
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 45(8) 602-616 (1955)

Advanced Color Geometry

Hermann von Schelling
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 45(12) 1072-1079 (1955)

Theory of Color Vision

R. A. Houstoun
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 45(8) 589-592 (1955)

Previous Article Next Article

Cited By

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Cited by links are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Figures (6)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Figure files are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Tables (8)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Article tables are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Equations (28)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Equations are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

	F₁(λ)	F₄(λ)	0.0250F₁(λ)	F₃(λ)	0.3333F₄(λ)		4.580F₁(λ)	F₂(λ)	0.00246F₃(λ)
λ	${\bar{x}}_{1}$	${\bar{x}}_{2}$	${\bar{y}}_{0}$	${\bar{y}}_{1}$	${\bar{y}}_{2}$	λ	${\bar{z}}_{1}$	${\bar{z}}_{2}$	${\bar{z}}_{3}$

400	0.0143		0.0004	0.0000		400	0.0655	0.0024
10	0.0435		0.0011	0.0001		10	0.1992	0.0082
20	0.1344		0.0034	0.0006		20	0.6156	0.0300
30	0.2839		0.0071	0.0045		30	1.3003	0.0853
40	0.3483		0.0087	0.0143		40	1.5952	0.1519
50	0.3362		0.0084	0.0296		50	1.5398	0.2322	0.0001
60	0.2908		0.0073	0.0527		60	1.3319	0.3372	0.0001
70	0.1954		0.0049	0.0861		70	0.8949	0.3925	0.0002
80	0.0956		0.0024	0.1366		80	0.4378	0.3749	0.0003
90	0.0319	0.0001	0.0008	0.2072	0.0000	90	0.1461	0.3186	0.0005
500	0.0042	0.0007	0.0001	0.3227	0.0002	500	0.0192	0.2520	0.0008
10	0.0015	0.0078		0.5004	0.0026	10	0.0069	0.1501	0.0012
20	0.0005	0.0628		0.6891	0.0209	20	0.0023	0.0742	0.0017
30	0.0001	0.1654		0.8069	0.0551	30	0.0005	0.0397	0.0020
40		0.2904		0.8572	0.0968	40		0.0182	0.0021
50		0.4334		0.8505	0.1445	50		0.0066	0.0021
60		0.5945		0.7969	0.1981	60		0.0019	0.0020
70		0.7621		0.6980	0.2540	70		0.0004	0.0017
80		0.9163		0.5646	0.3054	80		0.0003	0.0014
90		1.0263		0.4149	0.3421	90		0.0001	0.0010
600		1.0622		0.2770	0.3540	600		0.0001	0.0007
10		1.0026		0.1688	0.3342	10			0.0004
20		0.8544		0.0962	0.2848	20			0.0002
30		0.6424		0.0509	0.2141	30			0.0001
40		0.4479		0.0257	0.1493	40			0.0001
50		0.2835		0.0125	0.0945	50
60		0.1649		0.0060	0.0550	60
70		0.0874		0.0029	0.0291	70
80		0.0468		0.0014	0.0156	80
90		0.0227		0.0006	0.0076	90
700		0.0114		0.0003	0.0038	700
Total ratio	1.7806	8.8860	0.0446	7.6752	2.9617	Total ratio	8.1552	2.4768	0.0187
Total ratio	0.1669	0.8131	0.0042	0.7186	0.2773	Total ratio	0.7657	0.2325	0.0018
Mode mμ maximum	443.4	598.8		543.8		Mode mμ maximum		472.6
Mode mμ maximum	0.3528	1.0629		0.8614		Mode mμ maximum		0.3949

	λ	∑F₁	∑F₂	∑F₃	∑F₄
	405	0.0080	0.0010
	15	0.0325	0.0043
	25	0.1079	0.0164	0.0001
	35	0.2674	0.0508	0.0007
	45	0.4630	0.1122	0.0025
	55	0.6518	0.2059	0.0064
	65	0.8151	0.3421	0.0133
	75	0.9249	0.5005	0.0245
	85	0.9785	0.6519	0.0423
	95	0.9964	0.7805	0.0693	0.0000
	505	0.9989	0.8823	0.1113	0.0001
	15	0.9997	0.9429	0.1765	0.0010
	25	1.0000	0.9728	0.2663	0.0080
	35	1.0000	0.9889	0.3714	0.0266
	45		0.9962	0.4831	0.0593
	55		0.9989	0.5939	0.1081
	65		0.9996	0.6978	0.1750
	75		0.9998	0.7887	0.2608
	85		0.9999	0.8623	0.3639
	95		1.0000	0.9163	0.4794
	605		1.0000	0.9524	0.5989
	15			0.9744	0.7117
	25			0.9869	0.8079
	35			0.9936	0.8802
	45			0.9969	0.9306
	55			0.9985	0.9625
	65			0.9993	0.9811
	75			0.9997	0.9909
	85			0.9999	0.9962
	95			1.0000	0.9987
	705			1.0000	1.0000
Median	mμ	446.9	475.0	546.5	596.7
Median-mode	mμ	3.5	2.4	2.7	−2.1
Standard deviation	mμ	19.5	25.5	34.9	33.5

Function	Mode	Median	Standard deviation
F₁(λ)	443.4 mμ	446.9 mμ	19.5 mμ
F₂(λ)	472.6	475.0	25.5
F₃(λ)	543.8	546.5	34.9
F₄(λ)	598.8	596.7	33.5

Component	Size %	Mode	Maximum	Equation	Missing for
${\bar{x}}_{1}$	16.69 $\bar{x}$	443.4 mμ	0.3528	F₁(λ)	deut., trit.
${\bar{x}}_{2}$	83.31 $\bar{x}$	598.8	1.0629	F₄(λ)	deut., prot.
${\bar{y}}_{0}$	0.42 $\bar{y}$	443.4 mμ	0.0088	0.0250 F₁(λ)	trit.
${\bar{y}}_{1}$	71.85 $\bar{y}$	543.8	0.8614	F₃(λ)
${\bar{y}}_{2}$	27.73 $\bar{y}$	598.8	0.3534	0.3333 F₄(λ)	prot.
${\bar{z}}_{1}$	76.57 $\bar{z}$	443.4 mμ	1.6158	4.5800 F₁(λ)	trit.
${\bar{z}}_{2}$	23.25 $\bar{z}$	472.6	0.3949	F₂(λ)
${\bar{z}}_{3}$	0.18 $\bar{z}$	543.8	0.0021	0.00246F₃(λ)

Deuteranopes		Protanopes		Tritanopes
Missing	Co-point	Missing	Co-point	Missing	Co-point
1.0000 $\bar{x}$	x=1.0000	0.8331 $\bar{x}$	x=0.7503	0.1669 $\bar{x}$	x=0.1782
0.0000 $\bar{y}$	y=0.0000	0.2773 $\bar{y}$	y=0.2497	0.0042 $\bar{y}$	y=0.0045
0.0000 $\bar{z}$	z=0.0000	0.0000 $\bar{z}$	z=0.0000	0.7657 $\bar{z}$	z=0.8173

λ	u	v	w
400	0.1013	0.0032	0.8955
10	0.1007	0.0037	0.8956
20	0.0989	0.0049	0.8962
30	0.0960	0.0088	0.8952
40	0.0910	0.0168	0.8922
50	0.0824	0.0306	0.8870
60	0.0688	0.0537	0.8775
70	0.0495	0.1008	0.8497
80	0.0243	0.2078	0.7679
90	0.0027	0.4001	0.5972
500	0.0049	0.6278	0.3673
10	0.0389	0.7853	0.1758
20	0.1010	0.8332	0.0658
30	0.1708	0.8014	0.0278
40	0.2389	0.7506	0.0105
50	0.3098	0.6871	0.0031
60	0.3875	0.6120	0.0005
70	0.4734	0.5265	0.0001
80	0.5663	0.4332	0.0005
90	0.6616	0.3375	0.0009
600	0.7492	0.2496	0.0012
10	0.8208	0.1779	0.0014
20	0.8713	0.1270	0.0017
30	0.9049	0.0932	0.0019
40	0.9286	0.0694	0.0020
50	0.9435	0.0545	0.0020
60	0.9522	0.0458	0.0020
70	0.9567	0.0413	0.0020
80	0.9597	0.0383	0.0020
90	0.9619	0.0360	0.0021
700	0.9626	0.0353	0.0021
P	0.9977	0.0000	0.0023
T	0.1075	0.0000	0.8925
N(P)	0.0000	0.5005	0.4995
N(T)	0.4678	0.5322	0.0000
446.9	0.0856	0.0256	0.8888
472.6	0.0428	0.1216	0.8356
543.8	0.2653	0.7279	0.0068
598.8	0.7392	0.2594	0.0014

λ	$\bar{x}$	$\bar{y}$	$\bar{z}$	x	y	z
400 mμ	0.020	0.001	0.096	0.169	0.004	0.827
10	0.059	0.002	0.289	0.168	0.004	0.828
20	0.136	0.003	0.670	0.168	0.004	0.828
30	0.245	0.006	1.212	0.167	0.004	0.829
40	0.328	0.019	1.686	0.161	0.009	0.830
50	0.348	0.032	1.863	0.155	0.014	0.830
60	0.282	0.055	1.639	0.142	0.028	0.830
70	0.175	0.097	1.194	0.119	0.066	0.815
80	0.084	0.164	0.762	0.083	0.163	0.755
90	0.030	0.263	0.450	0.040	0.354	0.606
500	0.022	0.397	0.263	0.033	0.582	0.385
10	0.032	0.550	0.136	0.044	0.766	0.190
20	0.067	0.705	0.072	0.079	0.836	0.085
30	0.129	0.838	0.033	0.129	0.838	0.033
40	0.228	0.932	0.014	0.194	0.794	0.012
50	0.368	0.971	0.004	0.274	0.723	0.003
60	0.544	0.955	0.002	0.362	0.636	0.001
70	0.734	0.895	0.002	0.450	0.549	0.001
80	0.908	0.806	0.001	0.530	0.470	0.001
90	1.027	0.701	0.001	0.594	0.406	0.000
600	1.062	0.590	0.001	0.643	0.357
10	1.005	0.478	0.000	0.677	0.322
20	0.870	0.370		0.702	0.298
30	0.689	0.270		0.718	0.282
40	0.499	0.186		0.729	0.271
50	0.331	0.113		0.746	0.254
60	0.200	0.067		0.750	0.250
70	0.111	0.037		0.750	0.250
80	0.056	0.019		0.750	0.250
90	0.026	0.009		0.750	0.250
700	0.015	0.005		0.750	0.250
446.9	0.353	0.027	1.854	0.158	0.012	0.830
472.6	0.148	0.111	1.073	0.111	0.084	0.805
543.8	0.276	0.954	0.010	0.223	0.769	0.008
598.8	1.063	0.603	0.001	0.638	0.362	0.001
491.6			N(P)	0.034	0.393	0.572
568.9			N(T)	0.440	0.559	0.001

Abstract

Cited By

Figures (6)

Tables (8)

Equations (28)

Journal of the Optical Society of America