Abstract

The underwater visibility of various colors, both fluorescent and nonfluorescent, was measured in four different bodies of water. The waters were selected to sample the continuum from very murky to clear. SCUBA divers observed with a horizontal path and other subjects on the surface looked down vertically. Fluorescent colors were always more visible than nonfluorescent, but the specific colors that were easiest and most difficult to see depended upon the body of water.

© 1967 Optical Society of America

Visibility of Colors Underwater Using Artificial Illumination*

Jo Ann S. Kinney, S. M. Luria, and Donald O. Weitzman
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 59(5) 624-628 (1969)

Improvement of Underwater Visibility by Reduction of Backscatter with a Circular Polarization Technique

Gary D. Gilbert and John C. Pernicka
Appl. Opt. 6(4) 741-746 (1967)

Induced Colors Seen by a Deuteranope*†

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J. Opt. Soc. Am. 57(9) 1149-1154 (1967)

Robust underwater visibility parameter

J. Ronald V. Zaneveld and W. Scott Pegau
Opt. Express 11(23) 2997-3009 (2003)

Appearance of Color for Small, Brief, Spectral Stimuli, in the Central Fovea*

Donald O. Weitzman and Jo Ann S. Kinney
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 57(5) 665-670 (1967)