Electron Binding Energies in Free Atoms*

Wolfgang Lotz

doi:10.1364/JOSA.60.000206

Journal of the Optical Society of America
Vol. 60,
Issue 2,
pp. 206-210
(1970)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.60.000206

Electron Binding Energies in Free Atoms

Wolfgang Lotz

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Wolfgang Lotz, "Electron Binding Energies in Free Atoms*," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 60, 206-210 (1970)

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Abstract

Binding energies (ionization energies) of all subshells are given for free atoms up to Z = 108. X-ray data for solids have been combined with spectroscopic data and work functions, and have been smoothed, interpolated, and extrapolated.

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Z	31	32	33	34	35	36	37	38	39	40	41	42	43	44	45	46	47	48	49	50	51	52	53	54	55	56	57	58	59	60	61	62	63	64	65	66	67	68	69	70
	Ga	Ge	As	Se	Br	Kr	Rb	Sr	Y	Zr	Nb	Mo	Tc	Ru	Rh	Pd	Ag	Cd	In	Sn	Sb	Te	I	Xe	Cs	Ba	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Pm	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Tb
WF	4	5	5	5			2	3		4	4	4		5	5	5	5	4		4	5	5			2	3	3	3	3	3		3
ΔIP	5	6	7	4	7	3			4							7		7	6	6	6	7	7
ΔBE					−4	3	1			6	4	7		6	7				9	12	8	6	7		1	1

ΔK	4	4	4	4	7	1	3	3	3	4	4	6	6	6	5	7	6	4	4	4	5	6	7	4	2	1	3	3	4	6	4	3	3	4	3	4	4	3	3	3

ΔL₁	4	−1	5	2	5	3	3	3	3	4	4	6	6	6	6	7	6	4	4	4	5	6	7	−1	3	2	3	3	4	6	4	3	4	4	3	4	4	3	2	4
ΔL₂	4	3	3	3	6	4	3	3	2	4	4	7	7	6	6	7	6	5	5	4	5	6	6	2	3	2	3	3	4	5	4	3	4	5	4	4	4	3	3	3
ΔL₃	4	3	4	3	6	3	3	3	3	5	5	7	6	6	6	7	6	4	5	4	5	6	6	3	2	2	3	3	4	5	5	4	4	4	4	4	4	3	3	2

ΔM₁	4	4	4	2	6		3	3	3	4	4	6		7	7	7	6	5	4	4	5	6	6		3	0	4	2	−2	5		5	5	3	−3	1	5	14	2	3
ΔM₂	4	2	5	5	8	−1	4	3	3	4	4	6	6	5	5	6	6	4	5	5	5	6	7	2	3	1	3	2	5	5	5	5	4	4	0	4	3	2	2	5
ΔM₃	4	4	5	4	7	0	4	4	4	5	4	7	7	5	5	5	6	5	5	5	5	6	6	2	2	2	3	1	3	6	5	2	3	3	1	2	5	3	1	6
ΔM₄					7		4	4	3	5	5	7	7	6	6	7	6	5	4	4	5	7	7		2	1	3	2	3	5	5	4	3	3	2	3	3	3	3	4
ΔM₅	3	3	4	3	7	5	4	4	4	5	4	7	6	7	6	7	6	4	4	4	5	6	7	4	2	1	2	2	3	5	5	3	4	4	2	3	3	3	3	3

ΔN₁					−4	3	3	2	3	5	4	6		6	6	7	6	4	4	5	5	6	7		2	1	3	1	3	6		3	4	4	0	0	−2	3	−1	3
ΔN₂	5	6	7	4	7		1										6								2	1	4	2	2	7		7	2	12	5	−1	4	−1	−4	2
ΔN₃						3	1	2	3	4	4	7	6	6	5	6	7	4	5	4	6	7	8	0	2	1	5	2	2	5	−2	4	5	2	*	4	3	3	−1	5
ΔN₄									4	6	4	7		6	7										2	2												4		2
ΔN₅																7	7	4	4	4	6	6	6		3	2	4	1	4	4	7	3	4	3	3	3	3	4	1	5
ΔN₆																												6	4	4		0	6	6	3	2	2	2	2	2

ΔO₁																		7	9	12	8	6	7		2	−8	4	1	4	4		7	13	10	9	−13	1	−6	3	4
ΔO₂																			6	6	6	7	7		1	1
ΔO₃																									1	1	5	2	2	4		4	4	7	3	2	9	1	−2	8

Z	71	72	73	74	75	76	77	78	79	80	81	82	83	84	85	86	87	88	89	90	91	92	93	94	95	96	97	98	99	100	101	102	103
	Lu	Hf	Ta	W	Re	Os	Ir	Pt	Au	Hg	T1	Pb	Bi	Po	At	Rn	Fr	Ra	Ac	Th	Pa	U	Np	Pu	Am	Cm	Bk	Cf	Es	Fm	Md	No	Lw
WF		4	4	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4	4							3		3
ΔIP												7	5
ΔBE			3	3	6		6	7	9	6		7

ΔK	6	−1	3	4	5	5	4	4	4	6	6	7	8	1	−1	0	−3	−3	4	3	3	5	−2	−18	−43	9	−54	−54	−150	−251	−376	−504	−644

ΔL₁	6	4	2	3	5	4	4	3	3	6	3	6	8	−2	−3	6	−2	0	10	3	7	5	0	12	35	64	−18	−103	−126	−141	−169	−199	−217
ΔL₂	6	3	3	2	4	5	4	4	4	5	6	6	8	0	−3	−3	−3	4	3	3	4	5	2	1	5	−131	−21.	−153	−173	−196	−211	−238	−253
ΔL₃	6	3	3	2	5	5	4	3	4	4	4	6	7	2	−2	−4	−3	5	3	3	2	5	2	2	8	41	−17	−25	−30	−40	−45	−45	−28

ΔM₁	8	3	4	3	5	6	1	4	5	5	6	6	8	12	3	1	0	5	3	3	1	5	19	3	15	51	−8	8	5	3	−1	3	25
ΔM₂	6	4	3	2	4	5	3	4	5	5	4	6	8	−2	−3	3	−3	1	5	3	7	5	4	16	38	49	−2	−8	−12	−14	−17	−14	9
ΔM₃	8	5	3	2	4	4	3	4	5	5	4	6	8	−1	−6	4	3	1	12	3	4	5	5	17	43	51	12	23	26	29	31	43	181
ΔM₄	8	4	3	2	4	4	3	4	4	5	5	6	8	4	1	−3	−2	6	4	3	2	5	4	4	10	3	−6	−4	−2	0	3	11	46
ΔM₅	8	3	2	2	4	4	4	4	4	5	5	6	8	4	1	−2	−2	6	4	3	4	5	3	5	11	45	4	5	8	10	14	25	41

ΔN₁	8	4	4	4	4	6	3	5	5	6	6	5	8	−1	2	−1	0	6	5	3	3	5	3	4	6	41	−9	10	5	2	−4	−4	7
ΔN₂	10	7	4	3	4	5	4	3	1	6	5	5	8	7	18	22	23	2	36	3	1	5	3	12	27	55	−1	−3	−5	−8	−9	−3	16
ΔN₃	7	6	3	3	6	5	3	3	3	8	6	7	8	19	21	30	29	5	38	3	4	5	2	13	31	53	13	10	10	7	6	11	26
ΔN₄	8	5	4	2	4	6	3	4	5	4	4	6	8	3	2	0	0	6	5	3	9	5	3	4	9
ΔN₅	7	3	3	3	4	7	3	5	5	3	5	6	8	5			−5	6		3	4	5	4	4	9
ΔN₆	5			2			4	4	5	5	4	5	8							3	1	5	6	0
ΔN₇	5	3	3	2	4	8	4	4	4	5	5	6	8					−12		3	2	5	6	2

ΔO₁	5	3	3	3	3	8	4	4	6	5	3	6	8					−1		3	2	5		11		12	16	12	13	11	10	15	29
ΔO₂		5	2	4	10	3	3	6	4	5	−2	6	8					1		4		2	−9	13
ΔO₃	4	4	2	5	10	4	3	5	7	10	4	4	8					8		3	−28	8	5	13
ΔO₄			3	3	6		6	7			6	5	8							3		5	7	6	12
ΔO₅									9	6	6	6	8	7				6		3	3	5	5	6	13

ΔP₁												7						2		4		3
ΔP₂												7	5							−1		15
ΔP₃																		2		−2		16

Z		K	L₁	L₂	L₃	M₁	M₂	M₃	M₄	M₅	N₁	N₂	N₃	N₄	N₅	O₁	O₂	O₃
1	H	13.60
2	He	24.59
3	Li	58	5.392
4	Be	115	9.322
5	B	192	12.93	8.298
6	C	288	16.59	11.26
7	N	403	20.33	14.53
8	O	538	28.48	13.62
9	F	694	37.85	17.42
10	Ne	870.1	48.47	21.66	21.56
11	Na	1075	66	34	34	5.139
12	Mg	1308	92	54	54	7.646
13	Al	1564	121	77	77	10.62	5.986
14	Si	1844	154	104	104	13.46	8.151
15	P	2148	191	135	134	16.15	10.49
16	S	2476	232	170	168	20.20	10.36
17	Cl	2829	277	208	206	24.54	12.97
18	Ar	3206.3	326.5	250.6	248.5	29.24	15.94	15.76
19	K	3610	381	299	296	37	19	18.7			4.341
20	Ca	4041	441	353	349	46	28	28			6.113
21	Sc	4494	503	408	403	55	33	33	8		6.540
22	Ti	4970	567	465	459	64	39	38	8		6.820
23	V	5470	633	525	518	72	44	43	8		6.740
24	Cr	5995	702	589	580	80	49	48	8.25		6.765
25	Mn	6544	775	656	645	89	55	53	9		7.434
26	Fe	7117	851	726	713	98	61	59	9		7.870
27	Co	7715	931	800	785	107	68	66	9		7.864
28	Ni	8338	1015	877	860	117	75	73	10	10	7.635
29	Cu	8986	1103	958	938	127	82	80	11	10.4	7.726
30	Zn	9663	1198	1047	1024	141	94	91	12	11.2	9.394
31	Ga	10371	1302	1146	1119	162	111	107	21	20	11	6.00
32	Ge	11107	1413	1251	1220	184	130	125	33	32	14.3	7.90
33	As	11871	1531	1362	1327	208	151	145	46	45	17	9.81
34	Se	12662	1656	1479	1439	234	173	166	61	60	20.15	9.75
35	Br	13481	1787	1602	1556	262	197	189	77	76	23.80	11.85
36	Kr	14327	1927	1731	1678	292	222	214	95.0	93.8	27.51	14.67	14.00
37	Rb	15203	2068	1867	1807	325	251	242	116	114	32	16	15.3			4.18
38	Sr	16108	2219	2010	1943	361	283	273	139	137	40	23	22			5.69
39	Y	17041	2375	2158	2083	397	315	304	163	161	48	30	29	6.38		6.48
40	Zr	18002	2536	2311	2227	434	348	335	187	185	56	35	33	8.61		6.84
41	Nb	18990	2702	2469	2375	472	382	367	212	209	62	40	38	7.17		6.88
42	Mo	20006	2872	2632	2527	511	416	399	237	234	68	45	42	8.56		7.10
43	Tc	21050	3048	2800	2683	551	451	432	263	259	74	49	45	8.6		7.28
44	Ru	22123	3230	2973	2844	592	488	466	290	286	81	53	49	8.50		7.37
45	Rh	23225	3418	3152	3010	634	526	501	318	313	87	58	53	9.56		7.46
46	Pd	24357	3611	3337	3180	677	565	537	347	342	93	63	57	8.78	8.34
47	Ag	25520	3812	3530	3357	724	608	577	379	373	101	69	63	11	10	7.58
48	Cd	26715	4022	3732	3542	775	655	621	415	408	112	78	71	14	13	8.99
49	In	27944	4242	3943	3735	830	707	669	455	447	126	90	82	21	20	10	5.79
50	Sn	29204	4469	4160	3933	888	761	719	497	489	141	102	93	29	28	12	7.34
51	Sb	30496	4703	4385	4137	949	817	771	542	533	157	114	104	38	37	15	8.64
52	Te	31820	4945	4618	4347	1012	876	825	589	578	174	127	117	48	46	17.84	9.01
53	I	33176	5195	4858	4563	1078	937	881	638	626	193	141	131	58	56	20.61	10.45
54	Xe	34565	5452	5106	4785	1149	1001	939	689	676	213	157	147	69.5	67.5	23.40	13.44	12.13

Z		K	L₁	L₂	L₃	M₁	M₂	M₃	M₄	M₅	N₁	N₂	N₃	N₄	N₅	N₆	N₇	O₁	O₂	O₃	O₄	O₅	O₆	O₇	P₁	P₂	P₃	P₄	Q₁
55	Cs	35987	5717	5362	5014	1220	1068	1000	742	728	233	174	164	81	79			25	14	12.3					3.89
56	Ba	37442	5991	5626	5249	1293	1138	1063	797	782	254	193	181	94	92			31	18	16					5.21
57	La	38928	6269	5894	5486	1365	1207	1124	851	834	273	210	196	105	103			36	22	19	5.75				5.58
58	Ce	40446	6552	6167	5726	1437	1275	1184	903	885	291	225	209	114	111	6		39	25	22	6				5.65
59	Pr	41995	6839	6444	5968	1509	1342	1244	954	934	307	238	220	121	117	6		41	27	24					5.42
60	Nd	43575	7132	6727	6213	1580	1408	1303	1005	983	321	250	230	126	122	6		42	28	25					5.49
61	Pm	45188	7432	7017	6464	1653	1476	1362	1057	1032	335	261	240	131	127	6		43	28	25					5.55
62	Sm	46837	7740	7315	6720	1728	1546	1422	1110	1083	349	273	251	137	132	6		44	29	25					5.63
63	Eu	48522	8056	7621	6981	1805	1618	1484	1164	1135	364	286	262	143	137	6		45	30	26					5.68
64	Gd	50243	8380	7935	7247	1884	1692	1547	1220	1189	380	300	273	150	143	6		46	31	27	6				6.16
65	Tb	51999	8711	8256	7518	1965	1768	1612	1277	1243	398	315	285	157	150	6		48	32	28	6				5.85
66	Dy	53792	9050	8585	7794	2048	1846	1678	1335	1298	416	331	297	164	157	6		50	33	28					5.93
67	Ho	55622	9398	8922	8075	2133	1926	1746	1395	1354	434	348	310	172	164	6		52	34	29					6.02
68	Er	57489	9754	9267	8361	2220	2008	1815	1456	1412	452	365	323	181	172	6		54	35	30					6.10
69	Tm	59393	10118	9620	8651	2309	2092	1885	1518	1471	471	382	336	190	181	7		56	36	30					6.18
70	Yb	61335	10490	9981	8946	2401	2178	1956	1580	1531	490	399	349	200	190	8	7	58	37	31					6.25
71	Lu	63320	10876	10355	9250	2499	2270	2032	1647	1596	514	420	366	213	202	13	12	62	39	32	6.6				7.0
72	Hf	65350	11275	10742	9564	2604	2369	2113	1720	1665	542	444	386	229	217	21	20	68	43	35	7.0				7.5
73	Ta	67419	11684	11139	9884	2712	2472	2197	1796	1737	570	469	407	245	232	30	28	74	47	38	8.3				7.9
74	W	69529	12103	11546	10209	2823	2577	2283	1874	1811	599	495	428	261	248	38	36	80	51	41	9.0				8.0
75	Re	71681	12532	11963	10540	2937	2686	2371	1953	1887	629	522	450	278	264	47	45	86	56	45	9.6				7.9
76	Os	73876	12972	12390	10876	3054	2797	2461	2035	1964	660	551	473	295	280	56	54	92	61	49	9.6				8.5
77	Ir	76115	13422	12828	11219	3175	2912	2554	2119	2044	693	581	497	314	298	67	64	99	66	53	9.6				9.1
78	Pt	78399	13883	13277	11567	3300	3030	2649	2206	2126	727	612	522	335	318	78	75	106	71	57	9.6				9.0
79	Au	80729	14356	13738	11923	3430	3153	2748	2295	2210	764	645	548	357	339	91	87	114	76	61	12.5	11.1			9.23
80	Hg	83108	14845	14214	12288	3567	3283	2852	2390	2300	806	683	579	382	363	107	103	125	85	68	14	12			10.4
81	Tl	85536	15350	14704	12662	3710	3420	2961	2490	2394	852	726	615	411	391	127	123	139	98	79	21	19			8	6.11
82	Pb	88011	15867	15206	13041	3857	3560	3072	2592	2490	899	769	651	441	419	148	144	153	111	90	27	25			10	7.42
83	Bi	90534	16396	15719	13426	4007	3704	3185	2696	2588	946	813	687	472	448	170	165	167	125	101	34	32			12	7.29
84	Po	93106	16937	16244	13816	4161	3852	3301	2802	2687	994	858	724	503	478	193	187	181	139	112	41	38			15	8.43
85	At	95729	17490	16782	14212	4320	4005	3420	2910	2788	1044	904	761	535	508	217	211	196	153	123	48	44			19	11	9.3
86	Rn	98404	18055	17334	14615	4483	4162	3542	3019	2890	1096	951	798	567	538	242	235	212	167	134	55	51			24	14	10.7
87	Fr	101134	18637	17903	15028	4652	4324	3666	3134	2998	1153	1003	839	603	572	268	260	231	183	147	65	61			33	17	13		4.0
88	Ra	103919	19237	18488	15449	4827	4491	3793	3254	3111	1214	1060	884	642	609	296	287	253	201	161	77	73			46	28	23		5.28
89	Ac	106759	19850	19086	15874	5005	4661	3921	3374	3223	1274	1116	928	680	645	322	313	274	218	174	88	83			56	39	33	5.7	6.3
90	Th	109654	20475	19696	16303	5185	4833	4049	3494	3335	1333	1171	970	717	679	347	338	293	233	185	97	91			64	48	41	6	6
91	Pa	112604	21112	20318	16735	5368	5008	4178	3613	3446	1390	1225	1011	752	712	372	362	312	248	195	104	97	6		70	54	46	6	6
92	U	115611	21762	20953	17171	5553	5187	4308	3733	3557	1446	1278	1050	785	743	396	386	329	261	203	110	101	6		74	57	48	6.1	6
93	Np	118676	22427	21602	17612	5742	5370	4440	3854	3669	1504	1331	1089	819	774	421	410	346	274	211	116	106	6		78	61	51	6	6
94	Pu	121800	23109	22267	18059	5936	5557	4574	3977	3783	1563	1384	1128	853	805	446	434	363	287	219	122	111	6		83	65	54		6
95	Am	124984	23808	22949	18512	6135	5748	4710	4102	3898	1623	1439	1167	888	837	471	458	380	301	227	128	116	6		87	69	57		6.0
96	Cm	128229	24524	23648	18971	6339	5944	4848	4230	4016	1684	1495	1207	923	869	497	484	397	315	235	134	121	6		92	73	60	6	6
97	Bk	131536	25257	24364	19435	6548	6145	4989	4360	4136	1746	1553	1248	959	902	525	511	414	330	243	141	126	6		97	78	64	6	6
98	Cf	135906	26007	25097	19905	6762	6351	5132	4493	4258	1809	1613	1289	995	935	554	539	431	345	252	149	131	6		103	83	68	6	6
99	Es	139340	26774	25847	20380	6982	6562	5278	4628	4382	1873	1675	1331	1032	968	584	569	448	361	261	157	137	6		108	88	72	6	6
100	Fm	142839	27559	26614	20860	7208	6779	5426	4766	4508	1939	1739	1373	1069	1002	615	599	465	377	270	166	143	6		114	93	76	6	6
101	Md	146404	28361	27399	21345	7440	7002	5577	4906	4636	2006	1805	1416	1107	1036	647	630	482	393	279	175	149	7		120	99	81		6
102	No	150036	29181	28202	21835	7678	7231	5731	5048	4766	2074	1873	1459	1146	1071	680	662	499	410	288	185	155	8	7	126	105	86		6
103	Lw	153736	30023	29027	22332	7925	7469	5891	5196	4901	2147	1946	1506	1188	1109	716	697	519	430	300	198	163	13	12	134	113	93	7	7
104	Ku	157500	30887	29874	22837	8182	7716	6057	5350	5042	2225	2024	1557	1233	1151	755	735	542	454	315	213	173	21	20	144	123	102	8	8
105		161340	31770	30740	23346	8446	7970	6227	5507	5185	2304	2105	1609	1279	1193	795	774	565	479	330	229	183	29	27	154	133	111	9	8
106		165250	32670	31630	23860	8717	8231	6401	5667	5330	2385	2189	1662	1326	1236	836	814	588	505	345	246	193	37	35	164	143	120	9	8
107		169240	33600	32530	24380	8995	8499	6579	5830	5478	2468	2276	1716	1374	1279	878	855	611	529	360	263	203	46	44	174	153	129	10	8
108		173290	34540	33460	24900	9280	8770	6760	5996	5628	2553	2366	1771	1422	1323	921	897	634	554	375	281	213	56	54	184	163	138	10	9

Z	Species	IP
2	He i	24.587
3	Li ii	75.638
4	Be iii	153.893
5	B iv	259.369
6	C v	392.083
7	N vi	552.057
8	O vii	739.316
9	F viii	953.89
10	Ne ix	1195.80
11	Na x	1465.08
12	Mg xi	1761.79
13	Al xii	2086.0
14	Si xiii	2437.6
15	P xiv	2816.9
16	S xv	3223.7

Abstract

Cited By

Tables (4)

Journal of the Optical Society of America