Spectrum of doubly ionized yttrium (Y iii)

Gabriel L. Epstein; Joseph Reader

doi:10.1364/JOSA.65.000310

Journal of the Optical Society of America
Vol. 65,
Issue 3,
pp. 310-314
(1975)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.65.000310

Spectrum of doubly ionized yttrium (Y iii)

Gabriel L. Epstein and Joseph Reader

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Gabriel L. Epstein and Joseph Reader, "Spectrum of doubly ionized yttrium (Y iii)," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 65, 310-314 (1975)

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Abstract

The spectrum of doubly ionized yttrium was observed from 600 to 9700 Å by means of plane- and concave-grating spectrographs at NBS. About 100 new lines were observed. From these measurements, 40 new energy levels were derived. The known level system (Rb i isoelectronic sequence, 4p⁶nl) now includes the series ns (n = 5–9), np (n = 5–9), nd (n = 4–8), nf (n = 4–10), ng (n = 5–8), and nh (n = 6–8). The nf series shows irregular fine-structure splittings, 4f having a negative splitting of about 3 cm⁻¹. The ionization energy of Y iii was determined to be 165 540.5 ± 1.0 cm⁻¹ (20.52457 ± 0.00012 eV). A reexamination of Kiess’s data for Zr iv in the light of the Y iii analysis yielded a revised value for the ionization energy of Zr iv of 277 550 ± 20 cm⁻¹ (34.412 ± 0.003 eV).

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G. L. Epstein and J. Reader, "Errata: Spectrum of doubly ionized yttrium (Y iii)," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 66, 981_3-981 (1976)
https://opg.optica.org/josa/abstract.cfm?uri=josa-66-9-981_3

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λ (Å)	Int.	σ (cm⁻¹)	Classification
643.678	1	155 357.2	$4 d {}^{2}{D_{3 / 2}} - 10 f^{2} F_{5 / 2}^{°}$
646.686	4	154 634.6	$4 d {}^{2}{D_{5 / 2}} - 10 f^{2} F_{7 / 2}^{°}$
653.874	6	152 934.7	$4 d {}^{2}{D_{3 / 2}} - 9 f^{2} F_{5 / 2}^{°}$
656.981	10	152 211.4	$4 d^{2} D_{5 / 2} - 9 f^{2} F_{7 / 2}^{°}$
668.735	25	149 536.1	$4 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 8 f^{2} F_{5 / 2}^{°}$
671.982	40	148 813.5	$4 d^{2} D_{5 / 2} - 8 f^{2} F_{7 / 2}^{°}$
691.725	100	144 566.1	$4 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 7 f^{2} F_{5 / 2}^{°}$
693.852	4	144 123.0	$4 d^{2} D_{5 / 2} - 9 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°}$
695.198	200	143 843.9	$4 d^{2} D_{5 / 2} - 7 f^{2} F_{7 / 2}^{°}$
727.906	9	137 380.4	$5 s^{2} S_{1 / 2} - 9 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°}$
728.470	4	137 274.0	$5 s^{2} S_{1 / 2} - 9 p^{2} P_{1 / 2}^{°}$
728.834	2	137 205.5	$4 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 8 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°}$
729.730	20	137 037.0	$4 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 8 p^{2} P_{1 / 2}^{°}$
730.490	600	136 894.4	$4 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 6 f^{2} F_{5 / 2}^{°}$
732.700	15	136 481.5	$4 d^{2} D_{5 / 2} - 8 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°}$
734.364	800	136 172.3	$4 d^{2} D_{5 / 2} - 6 f^{2} F_{7 / 2}^{°}$
770.782	15	129 738.4	$5 s^{2} S_{1 / 2} - 8 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°}$
771.791	10	129 568.8	$5 s^{2} S_{1 / 2} - 8 p^{2} P_{1 / 2}^{°}$
804.256	20	124 338.5	$4 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 7 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°}$
805.195	5000	124 193.5	$4 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 5 f^{2} F_{5 / 2}^{°}$
806.182	75	124 041.5	$4 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 7 p^{2} P_{1 / 2}^{°}$
808.966	150	123 614.6	$4 d^{2} D_{5 / 2} - 7 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°}$
809.921	7000	123 468.8	$4 d^{2} D_{5 / 2} - 5 f^{2} F_{7 / 2}^{°}$
855.640	100	116 871.6	$5 s^{2} S_{1 / 2} - 7 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°}$
857.820	60	116 574.6	$5 s^{2} S_{1 / 2} - 7 p^{2} P_{1 / 2}^{°}$
984.226	25	101 602.7	$5 p^{2} P_{1 / 2}^{°} - 8 d^{2} D_{3 / 2}$
987.958	15	101 218.9	$5 p^{2} P_{1 / 2}^{°} - 9 s^{2} S_{1 / 2}$
989.206	15000	101 091.2	$4 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 4 f^{2} F_{5 / 2}^{°}$
996.370	25000	100 364.3	$4 d^{2} D_{5 / 2} - 4 f^{2} F_{7 / 2}^{°}$
999.193	20	100 080.8	$5 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°} - 8 d^{2} D_{5 / 2}$
1000.559	150	99 944.1	$4 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 6 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°}$
1003.350	25	99 666.1	$5 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°} - 9 s^{2} S_{1 / 2}$
1006.582	1000	99 346.1	$4 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 6 p^{2} P_{1 / 2}^{°}$
1007.860	1200	99 220.1	$4 d^{2} D_{5 / 2} - 6 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°}$
1077.523	120	92 805.4	$5 p^{2} P_{1 / 2}^{°} - 7 d^{2} D_{3 / 2}$
1081.349	500	92 477.1	$5 s^{2} S_{1 / 2} - 6 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°}$
1084.626	75p	92 197.7	$5 p^{2} P_{1 / 2}^{°} - 8 s^{2} S_{1 / 2}$
1088.387	350p	91 879.1	$5 s^{2} S_{1 / 2} - 6 p^{2} P_{1 / 2}^{°}$
1095.254	250	91 303.0	$5 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°} - 7 d^{2} D_{5 / 2}$
1095.869	25	91 251.8	$5 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°} - 7 d^{2} D_{3 / 2}$
1103.212	150	90 644.4	$5 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°} - 8 s^{2} S_{1 / 2}$
1289.738	3000	77 535.1	$5 p^{2} P_{1 / 2}^{°} - 6 d^{2} D_{3 / 2}$
1306.960	2500	76 513.4	$5 p^{2} P_{1 / 2}^{°} - 7 s^{2} S_{1 / 2}$
1314.510	5000	76 074.0	$5 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°} - 6 d^{2} D_{5 / 2}$
1316.102	1500	75 982.0	$5 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°} - 6 d^{2} D_{3 / 2}$
1334.043	4000	74 960.1	$5 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°} - 7 s^{2} S_{1 / 2}$
1549.078	8	64 554.5	$5 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 9 f^{2} F_{5 / 2}^{°}$
1553.814	15p	64 357.8	$5 d^{2} D_{5 / 2} - 9 f^{2} F_{7 / 2}^{°}$
1635.145	30	61 156.7	$5 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 8 f^{2} F_{5 / 2}^{°}$
1640.433	75	60 959.5	$5 d^{2} D_{5 / 2} - 8 f^{2} F_{7 / 2}^{°}$
1779.797	200	56 186.2	$5 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 7 f^{2} F_{5 / 2}^{°}$
1786.054	600	55 989.3	$5 d^{2} D_{5 / 2} - 7 f^{2} F_{7 / 2}^{°}$
2041.934	10	48 957.5	$4 f^{2} F_{7 / 2}^{°} - 8 g^{2} G_{9 / 2}$
2042.066	5	48 954.3	$4 f^{2} F_{5 / 2}^{°} - 8 g^{2} G_{7 / 2}$
2060.579	1500	48 514.5	$5 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 6 f^{2} F_{5 / 2}^{°}$
2068.979	4000	48 317.6	$5 d^{2} D_{5 / 2} - 6 f^{2} F_{7 / 2}^{°}$
2127.979	10000	46 978.1	$5 p^{2} P_{1 / 2}^{°} - 5 d^{2} D_{3 / 2}$
2191.159	16000	45 623.7	$5 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°} - 5 d^{2} D_{5 / 2}$
2200.758	8000	45 424.7	$5 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°} - 5 d^{2} D_{3 / 2}$
2206.029	8000	45 316.2	$5 p^{2} P_{1 / 2}^{°} - 6 s^{2} S_{1 / 2}$
2261.414	150	44 206.4	$4 f^{2} F_{7 / 2}^{°} - 7 g^{2} G_{9 / 2}$
2261.574	80	44 203.3	$4 f^{2} F_{5 / 2}^{°} - 7 g^{2} G_{7 / 2}$
2284.345	10000	43 762.7	$5 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°} - 6 s^{2} S_{1 / 2}$
2319.918	3	43 091.7	$6 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°} - 8 d^{2} D_{5 / 2}$
2327.313	10000	42 954.8	$4 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 5 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°}$
2367.228	50000	42 230.6	$4 d^{2} D_{5 / 2} - 5 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°}$
2414.643	40000	41 401.4	$4 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 5 p^{2} P_{1 / 2}^{°}$
2710.300	100p	36 885.4	$4 f^{2} F_{7 / 2}^{°} - 6 g^{2} G_{9 / 2}$
2710.535	90w	36 882.2	$4 f^{2} F_{5 / 2}^{°} - 6 g^{2} G_{7 / 2}$
2780. 111	5	35 959.18	$5 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 7 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°}$
2791.441	70	35 813.23	$5 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 5 f^{2} F_{5 / 2}^{°}$
2803.267	20	35 662.16	$5 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 7 p^{2} P_{1 / 2}^{°}$
2806.996	100	35 614.78	$5 d^{2} D_{5 / 2} - 5 f^{2} F_{7 / 2}^{°}$
2817.037	250000	35 487.84	$5 s^{2} S_{1 / 2} - 5 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°}$
2867.673	6000	34 861.25	$6 p^{2} P_{1 / 2}^{°} - 7 d^{2} D_{3 / 2}$
2913.412	6000	34 313.97	$6 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°} - 7 d^{2} D_{5 / 2}$
2917.740	1500	34 263.07	$6 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°} - 7 d^{2} D_{3 / 2}$
2918.561	1600	34 253.43	$6 p^{2} P_{1 / 2}^{°} - 8 s^{2} S_{1 / 2}$
2940.530	15	33 997.53	$6 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 9 f^{2} F_{5 / 2}^{°}$
2946.014	300000	33 934.25	$5 s^{2} S_{1 / 2} - 5 p^{2} P_{5 / 2}^{°}$
2948.48	20p	33 905.9	$6 d^{2} D_{5 / 2} - 9 f^{2} F_{7 / 2}^{°}$
2970.424	6000	33 655.40	$6 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°} - 8 s^{2} S_{1 / 2}$
3013.933	1400	33 169.57	$4 f^{2} F_{7 / 2}^{°} - 7 d^{2} D_{5 / 2}$
3018.850	1500	33 115.55	$4 f^{2} F_{5 / 2}^{°} - 7 d^{2} D_{3 / 2}$
3267.100	3	30 599.36	$6 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 8 f^{2} F_{5 / 2}^{°}$
3276.801	25l	30 508.78	$6 d^{2} D_{5 / 2} - 8 f^{2} F_{7 / 2}^{°}$
3866.962	500	25 852.76	5f²F°–8g²G
3900.743	3000	25 628.88	$6 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 7 f^{2} F_{5 / 2}^{°}$
3914.581	4000	25 538.29	$6 d^{2} D_{5 / 2} - 7 f^{2} F_{7 / 2}^{°}$
4039.602	3800	24 747.92	$4 f^{2} F_{7 / 2}^{°} - 5 g^{2} G_{9 / 2}$
4040.112	3000	24 744.80	$4 f^{2} F_{5 / 2}^{°} - 5 g^{2} G_{7 / 2}$
4121.608	120h	24 255.53	5g²G–8h²H°
4737.625	2000c	21 101.72	5f²F°–7g²G
5102.884	7500	19 591.30	$6 p^{2} P_{1 / 2}^{°} - 6 d^{2} D_{3 / 2}$
5120.40	1300	19 524.28	5g²G–7h²H°
5238.104	10000	19 085.57	$6 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°} - 6 d^{2} D_{5 / 2}$
5263.582	3000	18 993.18	$6 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°} - 6 d^{2} D_{3 / 2}$
5383.644	4000	18 569.61	$6 p^{2} P_{1 / 2}^{°} - 7 s^{2} S_{1 / 2}$
5562.81	6000	17 971.55	$6 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°} - 7 s^{2} S_{1 / 2}$
5567.27	600	17 957.15	$6 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 6 f^{2} F_{5 / 2}^{°}$
5572.24	4000	17 941.13	$4 f^{2} F_{7 / 2}^{°} - 6 d^{2} D_{5 / 2}$
5595.48	400	17 866.61	$6 d^{2} D_{5 / 2} - 6 f^{2} F_{7 / 2}^{°}$
5602. 08	3000	17 845.56	$4 f^{2} F_{5 / 2}^{°} - 6 d^{2} D_{3 / 2}$
7254.58	2000h	13 780.60	5f²F°–6g²G
7558.71	9000	13 226.11	$6 s^{2} S_{1 / 2} - 6 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°}$
7864.53	6000	12 711.83	$5 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 4 f^{2} F_{5 / 2}^{°}$
7916.71	8000	12 628.04	$6 s^{2} S_{1 / 2} - 6 p^{2} P_{1 / 2}^{°}$
7989.41	400	12 513.13	$5 d^{2} D_{5 / 2} - 4 f^{2} F_{5 / 2}^{°}$
7991.43	10000	12 509.96	$5 d^{2} D_{5 / 2} - 4 f^{2} F_{7 / 2}^{°}$
8171.41	8000	12 234.42	5g²G–6h²H°
8645.09	4000	11 564.09	$5 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 6 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°}$
8796.21	10000	11 365.41	$5 d^{2} D_{5 / 2} - 6 p^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{°}$
9116.59	8000	10 966.00	$5 d^{2} D_{3 / 2} - 6 p^{2} P_{1 / 2}^{°}$

Term	J	E (cm⁻¹)	Unc. (cm⁻¹)	n^*	Fine-structure interval (cm⁻¹)
4d²D	3/2	0.00	0.13	2.44256	724.15
	5/2	724.15	0.18	2.44792	724.15
5s²S	1/2	7 467.10	0.12	2.49958
5p²P°	1/2	41 401.46	0.11	2.82061	1553.41
	3/2	42 954.87	0.09	2.83842	1553.41
6s²S	1/2	86 717.59	0.03	3.53974
5d²D	3/2	88 379.61	0.02	3.57766	198.68
	5/2	88 578.29	0.02	3.58227	198.68
6p²P°	1/2	99 345.62	0.02	3.86265	598.09
	3/2	99 943.71	0.02	3.88021	598.09
4f²F°	7/2	101 088.23	0.03	3.91452	−3.19
	5/2	101 091.42	0.03	3.91461	−3.19
7s²S	1/2	117 915.23	0.04	4.55385
6d²D	3/2	118 936.91	0.03	4.60349	92.39
	5/2	119 029.30	0.04	4.60806	92.39
7p²P°	1/2	124 041.76	0.13	4.87842	297.02
	3/2	124 338.78	0.13	4.89598	297.02
5f²F°	5/2	123 192.92	0.06	4.88733	0.10
	7/2	124 193.02	0.06	4.88734	0.10
5g²G	9/2	125 836.15	0.07	4.98744
	7/2	125 836.22	0.07	4.98745
8s²S	1/2	133 599.09	0.08	5.56058
7d²D	3/2	134 206.87	0.08	5.61425	50.88
	5/2	134 257.75	0.09	5.61881	50.88
6f²F°	5/2	136 894.08	0.06	5.87167	1.83
	7/2	136 895.91	0.07	5.87186	1.83
8p²P°	1/2	137 036.4	0.7	5.8863	169.1
	3/2	137 205.5	0.5	5.9039	169.1
6g²G	7/2	137 973.52	0.10	5.9855.
	9/2	137 973.63	0.10	5.9855
6h²H°	9/2, 11/2	138 070.60	0.07	5.9961
9s²S	1/2	142 620.7	0.4	6.5643
8d²D	3/2	143 004.2	0.5	6.6200	31.2
	5/2	143 035.4	0.2	6.6246	31.2
7f²F°	5/2	144 565.80	0.07	6.8620	1.79
	7/2	144 567.59	0.07	6.8623	1.79
9p²P°	1/2	144 741.1	0.9	6.8908	106.2
	3/2	144 847.3	0.7	6.9085	106.2
7g²G	7/2	145 294.65	0.09	6.9844
	9/2	145 294.73	0.09	6.9844
7h²H°	9/2, 11/2	145 360.46	0.10	6.9958
8f²F°	5/2	149 536.28	0.08	7.8556	1.66
	7/2	149 537.94	0.17	7.8560	1.66
8g²G	7/2	150 045.68	0.09	7.9837
	9/2	150 045.78	0.09	7.9837
8h²H°	9/2, 11/2	150 091.71	0.14	7.9956
9f²F°	5/2	152 934.36	0.14	8.8513	1.0
	7/2	152 935.4	0.3	8.8516	1.0
10f²F°	5/2	155 357.2	1.2	9.8481	1.5
	7/2	155 358.7	1.2	9.8488	1.5

Series	Quantum defect formula	Limit
5s–9s	quadratic	165 540.6 ± 1.0
5p–9p	quadratic	544 ± 5
5d–8d	quadratic	548 ± 5
4f–10f	quadratic	540.4 ± 1.0
5g–8g	quadratic	541.3 ± 1.0
6h–8h	linear	540.6 ± 1.0

Series	n	δn^*
np	5	0.01781
	6	0.01757
	7	0.01756
	8	0.01754
	9	0.01766
nd	4	0.00536
	5	0.00461
	6	0.00457
	7	0.00456
	8	0.00458

Configurations	Rb i	Sr ii	Y iii	Zr iv (estimated)
6s–7s	1.01118	1.01366	1.01411	1.0143 ± 0.0005
5p–6p	1.03681	1.04261	1.04189	1.041 ± 0.001
4d–5d	0.93956	1.07857	1.13465	1.15 ± 0.01
5f–6f	0.99889	0.99492	0.98444	0.97 ± 0.01
5g–6g	0.99647	0.99868	0.9981	0.9978 ± 0.0001

Configurations	ΔE (cm⁻¹)	Δn^*	Ionization energy (cm⁻¹)
6s–7s	47 610	1.0143 ± 0.0005	277 575 ± 30
5p–6p	86 842	1.041 ± 0.001	500 ± 100
4d–5d	146 111	1.15 ± 0.01	200 ± 1000
5f–6f	23 315	0.97 ± 0.01	000 ± 500
5g–6g	21 614	0.9978 ± 0.0001	543 ± 20

Abstract

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Figures (3)

Tables (6)

Equations (1)

Journal of the Optical Society of America