The evolving optical frequency comb [Invited]

Scott A. Diddams

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.27.000B51

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 27,
Issue 11,
pp. B51-B62
(2010)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.27.000B51

The evolving optical frequency comb [Invited]

Scott A. Diddams

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Scott A. Diddams, "The evolving optical frequency comb [Invited]," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27, B51-B62 (2010)

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Abstract

In the past decade we have witnessed remarkable advances associated with the frequency stabilization of the comb present in the output of a mode-locked femtosecond laser. While proving itself to be fantastically successful in its role as the “gears” of optical atomic clocks, the optical frequency comb has further evolved into a valuable tool for a wide range of applications, including ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy, frequency synthesis, optical and microwave waveform generation, astronomical spectrograph calibration, and attosecond pulse generation, to name a few. In this review, I will trace several of these developments while attempting to offer perspective on the challenges and opportunities for frequency combs that might lie ahead in the next decade.

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	Ti:Sapphire [14, 18]	Cr:LiSAF [19]	Er:fiber [20, 21]	Cr:forsterite [22, 23]	Yb:fiber [24, 25]	Yb:KYW [26]	Er:Yb:glass [27]
Center λ	$800 nm$	$894 nm$	$1560 nm$	$1275 nm$	$1040 nm$	$1030 nm$	$1560 nm$
Pulse length	$10 - 50 fs$	$\sim 50 fs$	$80 - 200 fs$	$30 fs$	$70 - 100 fs$	$290 fs$	$170 fs$
Pump source	$532 nm$ , doubled Nd:YVO	$650 nm$ diode	980 or $1480 nm$ diode	$1075 nm$ fiber laser	$976 nm$ diode	$980 nm$ diode	$976 nm$ diode
Repetition rate	$0.1 - 10 GHz$	$93 MHz$	$50 - 300 MHz$	$420 MHz$	$0.1 - 1 GHz$	$160 MHz$	$75 MHz$
Octave- spectrum	$\sim 500 - 1200 nm$ ; direct or in MSF^c	$\sim 550 - 1100 nm$ in MSF	$\sim 1000 - 2000 nm$ in HNLF^d	$\sim 1000 - 2000 nm$ in HNLF	$700 - 1400 nm$ in MSF	$700 - 1400 nm$ in MSF	$\sim 1000 - 2000 nm$ in HNLF
Electrical-to- optical efficiency^b	$\sim 0.1 %$	1–2%	$\sim 1 %$	$\sim 0.5 %$	1–2%	$\sim 2 - 3 %$	$\sim 2 - 3 %$
Average optical power	$1000 mW$	$150 mW$	$25 - 100 mW$	$500 mW$	$100 - 200 mW$	$> 200 mW$	$> 100 mW$

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Journal of the Optical Society of America B