Abstract

Varied-line-spacing gratings are used in soft-x-ray monochromators and spectrometers because of their ability to correct various aberrations by varying the groove density. A curved grating blank in a Rowland circle mounting could eliminate primary aberrations. Bending a plane constant-groove-density grating into a desirable surface can eliminate higher-order aberrations as a result of the change in surface profile and groove density. This provides a simple means for improving the imaging properties. When used in a monochromator, the grating can be bent to different degrees to minimize aberrations at all wavelengths. General formulas concerning the transformations of groove function, groove density, and groove spacing are presented for the bending grating. Analytic results with a numerical example show the significant properties of the system.

© 2006 Optical Society of America

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