Selective excitation of higher-order modes in etched gelatin-coated few-mode fiber and demonstration of high relative humidity measurement

Saba N. Khan; Partha Roy Chaudhuri

doi:10.1364/JOSAA.34.000122

Journal of the Optical Society of America A
Vol. 34,
Issue 1,
pp. 122-132
(2017)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.34.000122

Selective excitation of higher-order modes in etched gelatin-coated few-mode fiber and demonstration of high relative humidity measurement

Saba N. Khan and Partha Roy Chaudhuri

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Saba N. Khan and Partha Roy Chaudhuri, "Selective excitation of higher-order modes in etched gelatin-coated few-mode fiber and demonstration of high relative humidity measurement," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 34, 122-132 (2017)

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Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics and Optical Communications
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: September 12, 2016
- Revised Manuscript: November 4, 2016
- Manuscript Accepted: November 23, 2016
- Published: December 22, 2016

Abstract

We report here our experimental studies on efficient excitation of higher-order modes in a few-mode fiber realized through selective chemical etching of single-mode fiber, depositing a dynamic refractive index profile coating (gelatin) and designing a well-performing high relative humidity (RH) (73%–99% RH) sensor with sensitivity as high as $\sim 1.2 dBm / %$ RH and fast response ( $\sim 125 ms$ ). The design relies on fixing quasi-adiabatic transition of the single-mode–few-mode–single-mode configuration to launch light at angles corresponding to desired higher-order modes, pushing more power into the coating. Our systematic study using the devised hybrid theoretical ray- and wave-optic model uniquely interprets the variety of experimental results.

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		Scalar Field Solution ( $ψ$ ) for
Cases	$n_{eff}$ Range	Core: $0 < r < a$	Cladding: $a < r < b$	Coating: $b < r < c$	Air: $r > c$
Core mode	$n_{c} > n_{eff} > n_{cl}$	$A_{1} J_{0} (u_{1} r)$	$A_{2} I_{0} (w_{2} r) + B_{2} K_{0} (w_{2} r)$	$A_{3} I_{0} (w_{3} r) + B_{3} K_{0} (w_{3} r)$	$A_{4} K_{0} (w_{4} r)$
Cladding mode	$n_{cl} > n_{eff} > n_{co}$	$A_{1} J_{0} (u_{1} r)$	$A_{2} J_{0} (u_{2} r) + B_{2} Y_{0} (u_{2} r)$	$A_{3} I_{0} (w_{3} r) + B_{3} K_{0} (w_{3} r)$	$A_{4} K_{0} (w_{4} r)$
Coating mode	$n_{co} > n_{eff} > n_{a}$	$A_{1} J_{0} (u_{1} r)$	$A_{2} J_{0} (u_{2} r) + B_{2} Y_{0} (u_{2} r)$	$A_{3} J_{0} (u_{3} r) + B_{3} Y_{0} (u_{3} r)$	$A_{4} K_{0} (w_{4} r)$

RH (%)	71	74	82	87	90	95	97	99
$n_{co}$	1.456	1.443	1.408	1.386	1.372	1.348	1.341	1.336

		Scalar Field Solution ( $ψ$ ) for
Cases	$n_{eff}$ Range	Core: $0 < r < a$	Cladding: $a < r < b$	Coating: $b < r < c$	Air: $r > c$
Core mode	$n_{c} > n_{eff} > n_{cl}$	$A_{1} J_{0} (u_{1} r)$	$A_{2} I_{0} (w_{2} r) + B_{2} K_{0} (w_{2} r)$	$A_{3} I_{0} (w_{3} r) + B_{3} K_{0} (w_{3} r)$	$A_{4} K_{0} (w_{4} r)$
Cladding mode	$n_{cl} > n_{eff} > n_{co}$	$A_{1} J_{0} (u_{1} r)$	$A_{2} J_{0} (u_{2} r) + B_{2} Y_{0} (u_{2} r)$	$A_{3} I_{0} (w_{3} r) + B_{3} K_{0} (w_{3} r)$	$A_{4} K_{0} (w_{4} r)$
Coating mode	$n_{co} > n_{eff} > n_{a}$	$A_{1} J_{0} (u_{1} r)$	$A_{2} J_{0} (u_{2} r) + B_{2} Y_{0} (u_{2} r)$	$A_{3} J_{0} (u_{3} r) + B_{3} Y_{0} (u_{3} r)$	$A_{4} K_{0} (w_{4} r)$

RH (%)	71	74	82	87	90	95	97	99
$n_{co}$	1.456	1.443	1.408	1.386	1.372	1.348	1.341	1.336

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Journal of the Optical Society of America A