Normative best-corrected values of the visual image quality metric VSX as a function of age and pupil size

Gareth D. Hastings; Jason D. Marsack; Larry N. Thibos; Raymond A. Applegate

doi:10.1364/JOSAA.35.000732

Journal of the Optical Society of America A
Vol. 35,
Issue 5,
pp. 732-739
(2018)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.35.000732

Normative best-corrected values of the visual image quality metric VSX as a function of age and pupil size

Gareth D. Hastings, Jason D. Marsack, Larry N. Thibos, and Raymond A. Applegate

Get PDF
Email
Share
Get Citation
Copy Citation Text
Gareth D. Hastings, Jason D. Marsack, Larry N. Thibos, and Raymond A. Applegate, "Normative best-corrected values of the visual image quality metric VSX as a function of age and pupil size," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 35, 732-739 (2018)

Export Citation
- BibTex
- Endnote (RIS)
- HTML
- Plain Text
Citation alert
Save article

Check for updates

Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Vision and Visual Optics
Optics & Photonics Topics
?

The topics in this list come from the Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: November 9, 2017
- Revised Manuscript: February 15, 2018
- Manuscript Accepted: March 4, 2018
- Published: April 9, 2018
Virtual Issues
Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics Vol. 13, Iss. 7

Accepted Manuscript
Download Accepted Manuscript
Access to this article is made available via and is subject to OSA Publishing Terms of Use.

Abstract

The visual image quality metric the visual Strehl ratio (VSX) combines a comprehensive description of the optics of an eye (wavefront error) with an estimate of the photopic neural processing of the visual system, and has been shown to be predictive of subjective best focus and well correlated with change in visual performance. Best-corrected visual image quality was determined for 146 eyes, and the quantitative relation of VSX, age, and pupil size is presented, including 95% confidence interval norms for age groups between 20 and 80 years and pupil diameters from 3 to 7 mm. These norms were validated using an independently collected population of wavefront error measurements. The best visual image quality was found in young eyes at smaller pupil sizes. Increasing pupil size caused a more rapid decrease in VSX than increasing age. These objectively determined benchmarks represent the best theoretical levels of visual image quality achievable with a sphere, cylinder, and axis correction in normal eyes and can be used to evaluate both traditional and wavefront-guided optical corrections provided by refractive surgery, contact lenses, and spectacles.

Full Article | PDF Article

More Like This

Interaction of aberrations, diffraction, and quantal fluctuations determine the impact of pupil size on visual quality

Renfeng Xu, Huachun Wang, Larry N. Thibos, and Arthur Bradley
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 34(4) 481-492 (2017)

Three-dimensional relationship between high-order root-mean-square wavefront error, pupil diameter, and aging

Raymond A. Applegate, William J. Donnelly, III, Jason D. Marsack, Darren E. Koenig, and Konrad Pesudovs
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24(3) 578-587 (2007)

Statistical variation of aberration structure and image quality in a normal population of healthy eyes

Larry N. Thibos, Xin Hong, Arthur Bradley, and Xu Cheng
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 19(12) 2329-2348 (2002)

Previous Article Next Article

Cited By

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Cited by links are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Figures (3)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Figure files are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Tables (3)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Article tables are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Equations (7)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Equations are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

				Subjects per Pupil Size
Age Group	Mean $Age \pm SD$	Maximum Age	Minimum Age	3, 4, 5	6	7
20–29	$25.2 \pm 2.3$	29.8	21.6	20	20	18
30–39	$35.0 \pm 2.4$	38.7	30.1	18	18	15
40–49	$45.2 \pm 2.8$	49.9	40.5	32	32	29
50–59	$54.4 \pm 2.9$	58.7	50.5	32	31	18
60–69	$62.9 \pm 1.9$	67.4	60.3	21	20	16
70–79	$72.9 \pm 2.4$	78.4	70.0	23	23	16
		Total Count		146	144	112

Age	Pupil Diameter	Mean $VSX \pm SD$	Upper 95% CI	Lower 95% CI	Max VSX	Min VSX
20–29	3	$0.762 \pm 0.111$	0.979	0.545	0.919	0.531
20–29	4	$0.574 \pm 0.116$	0.801	0.346	0.745	0.331
20–29	5	$0.432 \pm 0.099$	0.625	0.238	0.584	0.229
20–29	6	$0.344 \pm 0.084$	0.509	0.179	0.491	0.173
20–29	7	$0.294 \pm 0.068$	0.428	0.161	0.412	0.159
30–39	3	$0.757 \pm 0.114$	0.980	0.535	0.922	0.484
30–39	4	$0.578 \pm 0.138$	0.849	0.306	0.859	0.341
30–39	5	$0.434 \pm 0.122$	0.674	0.194	0.724	0.264
30–39	6	$0.338 \pm 0.102$	0.538	0.137	0.575	0.207
30–39	7	$0.283 \pm 0.087$	0.454	0.112	0.470	0.170
40–49	3	$0.701 \pm 0.116$	0.929	0.473	0.877	0.497
40–49	4	$0.496 \pm 0.114$	0.720	0.272	0.680	0.307
40–49	5	$0.356 \pm 0.086$	0.525	0.188	0.496	0.206
40–49	6	$0.275 \pm 0.067$	0.407	0.143	0.385	0.156
40–49	7	$0.228 \pm 0.057$	0.340	0.115	0.325	0.129
50–59	3	$0.640 \pm 0.148$	0.929	0.351	0.876	0.370
50–59	4	$0.457 \pm 0.147$	0.745	0.169	0.798	0.230
50–59	5	$0.331 \pm 0.124$	0.573	0.088	0.646	0.155
50–59	6	$0.257 \pm 0.094$	0.441	0.072	0.506	0.118
50–59	7	$0.213 \pm 0.066$	0.341	0.084	0.387	0.140
60–69	3	$0.601 \pm 0.097$	0.790	0.412	0.773	0.468
60–69	4	$0.395 \pm 0.083$	0.559	0.231	0.585	0.261
60–69	5	$0.277 \pm 0.068$	0.410	0.145	0.444	0.165
60–69	6	$0.215 \pm 0.054$	0.320	0.110	0.354	0.126
60–69	7	$0.175 \pm 0.046$	0.265	0.086	0.296	0.104
70–79	3	$0.525 \pm 0.116$	0.753	0.297	0.785	0.352
70–79	4	$0.342 \pm 0.095$	0.527	0.156	0.551	0.190
70–79	5	$0.240 \pm 0.076$	0.389	0.092	0.421	0.128
70–79	6	$0.185 \pm 0.059$	0.301	0.069	0.325	0.097
70–79	7	$0.158 \pm 0.049$	0.254	0.063	0.267	0.098
All Ages	3	$0.661 \pm 0.143$	0.941	0.380	0.922	0.352
All Ages	4	$0.469 \pm 0.142$	0.748	0.190	0.859	0.190
All Ages	5	$0.341 \pm 0.118$	0.572	0.110	0.724	0.128
All Ages	6	$0.266 \pm 0.094$	0.451	0.081	0.575	0.097
All Ages	7	$0.226 \pm 0.078$	0.378	0.074	0.470	0.098

Age	Pupil Diameter	$Mean logVSX \pm SD$	Upper 95% CI	Lower 95% CI	Max logVSX	Min logVSX
20–29	3	$- 0.123 \pm 0.067$	0.000	−0.255	−0.037	−0.275
20–29	4	$- 0.251 \pm 0.096$	−0.062	−0.439	−0.128	−0.480
20–29	5	$- 0.377 \pm 0.111$	−0.160	−0.594	−0.233	−0.641
20–29	6	$- 0.477 \pm 0.118$	−0.246	−0.709	−0.309	−0.761
20–29	7	$- 0.543 \pm 0.107$	−0.333	−0.753	−0.386	−0.799
30–39	3	$- 0.126 \pm 0.070$	0.000	−0.264	−0.035	−0.316
30–39	4	$- 0.250 \pm 0.104$	−0.047	−0.454	−0.066	−0.467
30–39	5	$- 0.377 \pm 0.115$	−0.152	−0.602	−0.140	−0.579
30–39	6	$- 0.488 \pm 0.120$	−0.253	−0.723	−0.241	−0.685
30–39	7	$- 0.565 \pm 0.125$	−0.320	−0.811	−0.328	−0.770
40–49	3	$- 0.160 \pm 0.074$	−0.016	−0.305	−0.057	−0.304
40–49	4	$- 0.317 \pm 0.104$	−0.113	−0.520	−0.168	−0.512
40–49	5	$- 0.461 \pm 0.111$	−0.243	−0.680	−0.305	−0.685
40–49	6	$- 0.575 \pm 0.113$	−0.353	−0.797	−0.414	−0.808
40–49	7	$- 0.657 \pm 0.117$	−0.429	−0.886	−0.488	−0.890
50–59	3	$- 0.206 \pm 0.105$	0.001	−0.412	−0.057	−0.432
50–59	4	$- 0.362 \pm 0.139$	−0.089	−0.635	−0.098	−0.639
50–59	5	$- 0.508 \pm 0.157$	−0.201	−0.815	−0.190	−0.811
50–59	6	$- 0.616 \pm 0.151$	−0.320	−0.913	−0.296	−0.930
50–59	7	$- 0.689 \pm 0.123$	−0.448	−0.930	−0.412	−0.853
60–69	3	$- 0.227 \pm 0.069$	−0.091	−0.362	−0.112	−0.330
60–69	4	$- 0.412 \pm 0.090$	−0.236	−0.589	−0.233	−0.583
60–69	5	$- 0.569 \pm 0.104$	−0.364	−0.774	−0.352	−0.782
60–69	6	$- 0.680 \pm 0.108$	−0.468	−0.892	−0.451	−0.900
60–69	7	$- 0.770 \pm 0.111$	−0.553	−0.987	−0.528	−0.983
70–79	3	$- 0.290 \pm 0.097$	−0.101	−0.479	−0.105	−0.453
70–79	4	$- 0.482 \pm 0.120$	−0.247	−0.717	−0.259	−0.720
70–79	5	$- 0.638 \pm 0.132$	−0.380	−0.897	−0.376	−0.894
70–79	6	$- 0.753 \pm 0.134$	−0.491	−1.016	−0.487	−1.011
70–79	7	$- 0.819 \pm 0.129$	−0.565	−1.073	−0.574	−1.010
All Ages	3	$- 0.191 \pm 0.100$	0.000	−0.386	−0.035	−0.453
All Ages	4	$- 0.349 \pm 0.136$	−0.083	−0.615	−0.066	−0.720
All Ages	5	$- 0.493 \pm 0.152$	−0.195	−0.791	−0.140	−0.894
All Ages	6	$- 0.603 \pm 0.155$	−0.299	−0.906	−0.241	−1.011
All Ages	7	$- 0.671 \pm 0.149$	−0.379	−0.963	−0.328	−1.010

				Subjects per Pupil Size
Age Group	Mean $Age \pm SD$	Maximum Age	Minimum Age	3, 4, 5	6	7
20–29	$25.2 \pm 2.3$	29.8	21.6	20	20	18
30–39	$35.0 \pm 2.4$	38.7	30.1	18	18	15
40–49	$45.2 \pm 2.8$	49.9	40.5	32	32	29
50–59	$54.4 \pm 2.9$	58.7	50.5	32	31	18
60–69	$62.9 \pm 1.9$	67.4	60.3	21	20	16
70–79	$72.9 \pm 2.4$	78.4	70.0	23	23	16
		Total Count		146	144	112

Age	Pupil Diameter	Mean $VSX \pm SD$	Upper 95% CI	Lower 95% CI	Max VSX	Min VSX
20–29	3	$0.762 \pm 0.111$	0.979	0.545	0.919	0.531
20–29	4	$0.574 \pm 0.116$	0.801	0.346	0.745	0.331
20–29	5	$0.432 \pm 0.099$	0.625	0.238	0.584	0.229
20–29	6	$0.344 \pm 0.084$	0.509	0.179	0.491	0.173
20–29	7	$0.294 \pm 0.068$	0.428	0.161	0.412	0.159
30–39	3	$0.757 \pm 0.114$	0.980	0.535	0.922	0.484
30–39	4	$0.578 \pm 0.138$	0.849	0.306	0.859	0.341
30–39	5	$0.434 \pm 0.122$	0.674	0.194	0.724	0.264
30–39	6	$0.338 \pm 0.102$	0.538	0.137	0.575	0.207
30–39	7	$0.283 \pm 0.087$	0.454	0.112	0.470	0.170
40–49	3	$0.701 \pm 0.116$	0.929	0.473	0.877	0.497
40–49	4	$0.496 \pm 0.114$	0.720	0.272	0.680	0.307
40–49	5	$0.356 \pm 0.086$	0.525	0.188	0.496	0.206
40–49	6	$0.275 \pm 0.067$	0.407	0.143	0.385	0.156
40–49	7	$0.228 \pm 0.057$	0.340	0.115	0.325	0.129
50–59	3	$0.640 \pm 0.148$	0.929	0.351	0.876	0.370
50–59	4	$0.457 \pm 0.147$	0.745	0.169	0.798	0.230
50–59	5	$0.331 \pm 0.124$	0.573	0.088	0.646	0.155
50–59	6	$0.257 \pm 0.094$	0.441	0.072	0.506	0.118
50–59	7	$0.213 \pm 0.066$	0.341	0.084	0.387	0.140
60–69	3	$0.601 \pm 0.097$	0.790	0.412	0.773	0.468
60–69	4	$0.395 \pm 0.083$	0.559	0.231	0.585	0.261
60–69	5	$0.277 \pm 0.068$	0.410	0.145	0.444	0.165
60–69	6	$0.215 \pm 0.054$	0.320	0.110	0.354	0.126
60–69	7	$0.175 \pm 0.046$	0.265	0.086	0.296	0.104
70–79	3	$0.525 \pm 0.116$	0.753	0.297	0.785	0.352
70–79	4	$0.342 \pm 0.095$	0.527	0.156	0.551	0.190
70–79	5	$0.240 \pm 0.076$	0.389	0.092	0.421	0.128
70–79	6	$0.185 \pm 0.059$	0.301	0.069	0.325	0.097
70–79	7	$0.158 \pm 0.049$	0.254	0.063	0.267	0.098
All Ages	3	$0.661 \pm 0.143$	0.941	0.380	0.922	0.352
All Ages	4	$0.469 \pm 0.142$	0.748	0.190	0.859	0.190
All Ages	5	$0.341 \pm 0.118$	0.572	0.110	0.724	0.128
All Ages	6	$0.266 \pm 0.094$	0.451	0.081	0.575	0.097
All Ages	7	$0.226 \pm 0.078$	0.378	0.074	0.470	0.098

Abstract

Cited By

Figures (3)

Tables (3)

Equations (7)

Journal of the Optical Society of America A