How anisotropy of CIELAB color space affects the separation effect: an experimental study

Hosein Saeedi; Saeideh Gorji Kandi

doi:10.1364/JOSAA.36.000051

Journal of the Optical Society of America A
Vol. 36,
Issue 1,
pp. 51-60
(2019)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.36.000051

How anisotropy of CIELAB color space affects the separation effect: an experimental study

Hosein Saeedi and Saeideh Gorji Kandi

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Hosein Saeedi and Saeideh Gorji Kandi, "How anisotropy of CIELAB color space affects the separation effect: an experimental study," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 36, 51-60 (2019)

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Abstract

Almost all modern color difference equations have been developed based on partitioning the value of color difference into the difference of three perceptual color attributes, i.e., hue, chroma, and lightness. Separation of samples, as a parametric effect, has an undeniable impact on the perceived color difference. According to previous studies, there is no meaningful relationship between chromaticity and the separation effect. The present study has been carried out with the aim of investigating the possible relationships between the separation effect and the directions of color difference in CIELAB color space. For this purpose, five color centers were selected. A total number of 44 samples (10 samples around four chromatic color centers and four samples around the gray color center) were prepared employing acrylic water-based painted paperboards. Perceived color difference between each pair against three different backgrounds was assessed through the visual experiments using gray scale method. The results imply that the amount of separation effect depends significantly on the relative position of samples. It is deduced that the separation effect for tritan pairs (two samples in which the difference between them is only due to the response of S cone signals) is lower than deutan pairs (pairs in which the ratio of L cone signals to M cone signals is different for the two samples), which could be attributed to the negligible contribution of S signal difference in producing a naturally occurring border between two abutting samples. Moreover, it is revealed from the outcomes that dark background amplifies the separation effect regardless of color coordinates of the samples.

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Color Center	$L_{10}^{*}$	$a_{10}^{*}$	$b_{10}^{*}$	$C_{a b, 10}^{*}$	$h_{a b, 10}^{*}$
Gray	61.50	0.50	0.17	0.52	18.78
Blue	35.89	0.56	−22.39	22.40	271.4
Yellow	84.44	−7.15	46.90	47.44	90.18
Red	43.80	37.00	23.70	43.93	32.65
Green	55.45	−31.81	0.00	31.80	180.01

Color Center	Back-Ground	Phase	Average of $Δ V_{LAB}$	Standard Deviation of $Δ V_{LAB}$
Green	White	Jux	1.06	0.56
	White	Sep	0.71	0.47
	Gray	Jux	1.48	0.77
	Gray	Sep	0.97	0.50
	Dark Gray	Jux	1.32	0.58
	Dark Gray	Sep	0.65	0.36
Blue	White	Jux	1.43	0.73
	White	Sep	1.01	0.60
	Gray	Jux	1.83	0.74
	Gray	Sep	1.14	0.55
	Dark Gray	Jux	1.99	0.81
	Dark Gray	Sep	1.22	0.58
Yellow	White	Jux	1.94	0.85
	White	Sep	1.10	0.53
	Gray	Jux	1.46	0.85
	Gray	Sep	0.72	0.31
	Dark Gray	Jux	1.24	0.72
	Dark Gray	Sep	0.61	0.26
Red	White	Jux	1.29	0.64
	White	Sep	0.74	0.43
	Gray	Jux	1.74	0.80
	Gray	Sep	0.83	0.39
	Dark Gray	Jux	1.93	0.82
	Dark Gray	Sep	0.84	0.39
Gray	White	Jux	1.82	0.87
	White	Sep	0.64	0.29
	Gray	Jux	3.34	1.61
	Gray	Sep	1.52	0.45
	DarkGray	Jux	2.11	0.88
	DarkGray	Sep	0.81	0.34

Color Center		Green	Blue	Yellow	Red
White	Chromaticity	24.54	37.30	36.80	36.26
White	Lightness	38.86	14.25	46.23	49.86
Gray	Chromaticity	25.51	37.33	52.56	46.63
Gray	Lightness	41.93	31.88	6.85	63.06
Dark Gray	Chromaticity	37.33	36.86	44.08	54.23
Dark Gray	Lightness	54.57	47.8	44.3	56.49

Color Center	$ρ$
Green	0.05
Yellow	−0.78
Blue	−0.52
Red	−0.78

Sample	$L_{10}^{*}$	$a_{10}^{*}$	$b_{10}^{*}$	$Δ V_{DE 2000}$ on White		$Δ V_{DE 2000}$ on Gray		$Δ V_{DE 2000}$ on Dark Gray
Sample	$L_{10}^{*}$	$a_{10}^{*}$	$b_{10}^{*}$	jux	sep	jux	sep	jux	sep
1	55.65	−30.79	0.32	0.27	0.31	0.33	0.36	0.21	0.33
2	55.12	−30.04	2.43	0.91	0.53	1.16	0.81	1.07	0.64
3	55.42	−31.96	3.99	1.54	0.79	1.85	1.00	1.76	0.91
4	56.55	−34.74	2.10	0.99	0.72	1.24	0.98	1.30	0.53
5	55.78	−32.72	−0.66	0.40	0.36	0.57	0.52	0.64	0.30
6	57.19	−34.25	−2.63	1.51	0.98	2.30	1.40	1.72	0.69
7	56.24	−31.45	−3.53	1.25	0.97	1.78	1.35	1.62	0.85
8	56.34	−30.56	−3.60	1.33	0.92	2.09	1.20	1.83	0.91
L1	58.64	−30.91	−0.43	1.34	0.92	2.23	1.50	1.39	0.66
L2	52.73	−32.16	−0.00	1.05	0.57	1.26	0.61	1.71	0.73

Sample	$L_{10}^{*}$	$a_{10}^{*}$	$b_{10}^{*}$	$Δ V_{DE 2000}$ on White		$Δ V_{DE 2000}$ on Gray		$Δ V_{DE 2000}$ on Dark Gray
Sample	$L_{10}^{*}$	$a_{10}^{*}$	$b_{10}^{*}$	jux	sep	jux	sep	jux	sep
1	43.401	40.303	22.454	1.56	0.90	2.16	0.78	2.16	0.84
2	43.795	39.536	27.671	1.51	0.87	1.85	1.11	2.03	0.91
3	44.099	37.832	26.372	0.94	0.77	1.19	0.75	1.66	0.72
4	44.52	35.632	24.822	0.90	0.69	1.30	0.69	1.42	0.63
5	44	33	23.9	1.31	0.70	1.63	0.81	1.77	0.72
6	43.397	34.531	19.696	1.09	0.65	1.50	0.71	1.33	0.56
7	43.346	35.95	20.389	0.87	0.53	0.83	0.56	1.12	0.60
8	45.044	38.31	20.595	1.40	0.87	1.93	0.95	2.21	0.95
L1	47.826	36.828	23.443	2.51	0.84	3.46	1.45	3.50	1.70
L2	41.431	37.214	24.502	0.87	0.58	1.59	0.51	2.12	0.81

Sample	$L_{10}^{*}$	$a_{10}^{*}$	$b_{10}^{*}$	$Δ V_{DE 2000}$ on White		$Δ V_{DE 2000}$ on Gray		$Δ V_{DE 2000}$ on Dark Gray
Sample	$L_{10}^{*}$	$a_{10}^{*}$	$b_{10}^{*}$	jux	sep	jux	sep	jux	sep
1	36.40	1.15	−17.76	1.82	1.27	2.54	1.38	2.39	1.70
2	36.90	1.63	−21.89	1.16	0.56	1.34	0.70	1.30	0.88
3	36.21	−0.09	−18.65	1.32	0.91	1.63	0.89	1.67	1.29
4	36.83	−2.51	−20.28	1.39	0.88	2.38	1.13	2.50	1.45
5	38.13	−2.67	−23.53	2.02	1.16	2.67	1.56	2.96	1.35
6	36.50	−3.60	−24.10	2.38	1.25	2.68	2.21	3.27	2.15
7	37.50	0.41	−24.28	1.16	0.74	1.15	1.05	1.42	1.11
8	36.99	2.04	−24.09	1.15	0.99	1.49	0.90	1.44	0.60
L1	38.68	0.18	−23.15	1.58	1.04	1.90	1.29	2.15	1.39
L2	33.96	−0.16	−23.09	0.33	0.35	0.50	0.34	0.78	0.31

Sample	$L_{10}^{*}$	$a_{10}^{*}$	$b_{10}^{*}$	$Δ V_{DE 2000}$ on White		$Δ V_{DE 2000}$ on Gray		$Δ V_{DE 2000}$ on Dark Gray
Sample	$L_{10}^{*}$	$a_{10}^{*}$	$b_{10}^{*}$	jux	sep	jux	sep	jux	sep
1	84.99	−4.54	47.79	2.64	1.52	2.00	0.76	1.84	0.70
2	85.37	−3.65	50.03	3.40	1.94	2.77	1.62	2.39	1.19
3	83.54	−7.14	49.69	0.74	0.69	0.87	0.47	0.83	0.44
4	83.26	−8.22	48.94	1.04	0.63	1.15	0.52	0.91	0.44
5	83.08	−9.56	46.71	2.99	1.28	2.51	0.79	1.58	0.60
6	83.59	−8.88	44.44	1.97	1.44	1.13	0.49	1.24	0.53
7	83.69	−7.23	44.40	0.64	0.57	0.45	0.28	0.31	0.37
8	85.74	−5.30	45.30	2.62	1.20	1.78	0.83	1.42	0.86
L1	83.12	−6.82	47.09	1.27	0.80	0.38	0.49	0.49	0.34
L2	81.15	−6.47	46.60	2.11	0.93	1.57	0.93	1.41	0.59

Sample	$L_{10}^{*}$	$a_{10}^{*}$	$b_{10}^{*}$	$Δ V_{DE 2000}$ on White		$Δ V_{DE 2000}$ on Gray		$Δ V_{DE 2000}$ on Dark Gray
Sample	$L_{10}^{*}$	$a_{10}^{*}$	$b_{10}^{*}$	jux	sep	jux	sep	jux	sep
1	43.401	40.303	22.454	1.56	0.90	2.16	0.78	2.16	0.84
2	43.795	39.536	27.671	1.51	0.87	1.85	1.11	2.03	0.91
3	44.099	37.832	26.372	0.94	0.77	1.19	0.75	1.66	0.72
4	44.52	35.632	24.822	0.90	0.69	1.30	0.69	1.42	0.63
5	44	33	23.9	1.31	0.70	1.63	0.81	1.77	0.72
6	43.397	34.531	19.696	1.09	0.65	1.50	0.71	1.33	0.56
7	43.346	35.95	20.389	0.87	0.53	0.83	0.56	1.12	0.60
8	45.044	38.31	20.595	1.40	0.87	1.93	0.95	2.21	0.95
L1	47.826	36.828	23.443	2.51	0.84	3.46	1.45	3.50	1.70
L2	41.431	37.214	24.502	0.87	0.58	1.59	0.51	2.12	0.81

Abstract

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Journal of the Optical Society of America A