Development and evaluation of a color-image-based visual roughness measurement method with illumination robustness

Xinjia Zhao; Huaian Yi; Yonglun Chen; Aihua Shu

doi:10.1364/JOSAA.410038

Journal of the Optical Society of America A
Vol. 38,
Issue 3,
pp. 369-377
(2021)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.410038

Development and evaluation of a color-image-based visual roughness measurement method with illumination robustness

Xinjia Zhao, Huaian Yi, Yonglun Chen, and Aihua Shu

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Xinjia Zhao, Huaian Yi, Yonglun Chen, and Aihua Shu, "Development and evaluation of a color-image-based visual roughness measurement method with illumination robustness," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 38, 369-377 (2021)

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Table of Contents Category
- Instrumentation, Measurement, and Metrology
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: September 17, 2020
- Revised Manuscript: January 24, 2021
- Manuscript Accepted: January 26, 2021
- Published: February 12, 2021

Abstract

At present, the application of machine vision methods for roughness measurement in production sites is limited by its adaptability to illumination variations during the measurement. In this study, a machine vision method for roughness measurement with robustness to illumination is proposed so as to explore the functions of its color image indices in improving the mathematical expression of the vector of three primary colors. Besides, virtual images of different-roughness surfaces were analyzed, the effects of the samples’ surface texture orientations on measurement indices were discussed, and the singular value ratio was derived as an index for evaluating roughness. The experimental results showed that the samples’ index values remained unchanged when the illumination was increased for both vertical and horizontal surface textures, indicating that the proposed method has strong robustness to illumination. In addition, the experimental results were verified by a support vector machine (SVM)-based method using 10 different-roughness test samples, with the verification range of 0.127–2.245 µm. It was found that the measurement accuracy reached 90%, suggesting that the proposed method is reasonable and feasible, and shows certain potential to be applied in engineering.

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No	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	Ra	std
1	0.053	0.046	0.056	0.056	0.050	0.048	0.053	0.056	0.052	0.052	0.0036
2	0.128	0.123	0.129	0.131	0.130	0.123	0.137	0.123	0.121	0.127	0.0052
3	0.168	0.154	0.136	0.164	0.165	0.143	0.166	0.133	0.143	0.152	0.0139
4	0.172	0.130	0.121	0.202	0.166	0.157	0.173	0.139	0.132	0.155	0.0262
5	0.183	0.178	0.196	0.204	0.187	0.173	0.185	0.176	0.235	0.191	0.0192
6	0.238	0.237	0.234	0.248	0.196	0.238	0.246	0.215	0.239	0.232	0.0165
7	0.298	0.323	0.363	0.443	0.334	0.363	0.422	0.316	0.388	0.361	0.0492
8	0.378	0.385	0.365	0.395	0.393	0.383	0.386	0.356	0.406	0.383	0.0153
9	0.371	0.344	0.385	0.422	0.458	0.370	0.494	0.465	0.388	0.411	0.0514
10	0.442	0.541	0.495	0.525	0.566	0.522	0.480	0.697	0.598	0.541	0.0746
11	0.737	0.636	0.718	0.827	0.894	0.707	0.877	0.826	1.019	0.805	0.1174
12	0.777	0.819	0.871	0.812	0.893	0.938	0.759	0.648	0.920	0.826	0.0913
13	0.968	0.781	0.810	1.051	0.842	0.848	1.002	0.809	0.844	0.884	0.0970
14	0.848	1.007	0.863	0.628	0.900	0.783	0.857	1.080	1.215	0.909	0.1717
15	1.202	1.125	1.014	1.068	1.130	0.912	1.112	1.038	0.972	1.064	0.0896
16	1.055	1.274	1.019	1.305	1.183	1.019	1.113	1.106	1.331	1.156	0.1223
17	1.781	1.421	1.246	1.894	1.282	1.119	1.657	1.373	1.095	1.430	0.2868
18	1.431	1.921	1.858	1.448	1.832	1.623	1.380	1.786	1.731	1.668	0.2045
19	1.652	2.486	2.367	1.598	2.491	2.450	1.645	2.545	2.508	2.194	0.4244
20	2.308	2.682	2.441	2.078	2.004	2.161	2.288	2.187	2.057	2.245	0.2142
21	2.463	2.051	2.571	2.664	2.369	2.293	2.654	1.799	2.185	2.339	0.2905

No	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
$R a$	0.052	0.152	0.191	0.361	0.411	0.805	0.884	1.064	1.430	2.194	2.339
$C S_{R}$	0.4181	0.4122	0.4065	0.4009	0.3979	0.3697	0.3531	0.3424	0.3229	0.3097	0.2971
$FI$	62.37	61.97	59.20	55.26	55.90	50.16	45.55	42.46	39.80	35.91	33.37
$G a$	5.0146	5.1848	4.6931	4.1978	4.4146	3.7383	3.2076	2.9743	2.5926	2.5130	2.2815

		$C S_{R}$ Prediction Results				$FI$ Prediction Results				$G a$ Prediction Results
No	$R a$	$C S_{R}$	Prediction	$γ$	$δ$	$FI$	Prediction	$γ$	$δ$	$G a$	Prediction	$γ$	$δ$
1	0.127	0.4153	0.127	0.000	0.05	62.01	0.144	0.017	13.57	5.286	0.127	0.000	0.07
2	0.155	0.4087	0.187	0.032	20.36	60.37	0.149	0.006	3.93	4.894	0.169	0.014	9.05
3	0.232	0.4041	0.232	0.000	0.02	58.64	0.219	0.013	5.43	4.936	0.163	0.069	29.67
4	0.383	0.3991	0.285	0.098	25.56	57.65	0.282	0.101	26.50	4.632	0.215	0.168	43.89
5	0.541	0.3850	0.454	0.087	16.05	53.97	0.558	0.017	3.20	4.070	0.393	0.148	27.38
6	0.826	0.3549	0.919	0.093	11.21	46.14	0.915	0.089	10.82	3.276	0.920	0.094	11.33
7	0.909	0.3512	0.985	0.076	8.33	45.98	0.922	0.013	1.41	3.360	0.845	0.064	7.04
8	1.156	0.3448	1.105	0.051	4.43	44.05	1.025	0.131	11.31	2.947	1.264	0.108	9.39
9	1.668	0.3139	1.769	0.101	6.08	38.53	1.721	0.053	3.20	2.706	1.572	0.096	5.78
10	2.245	0.3084	1.904	0.341	15.19	35.24	2.159	0.086	3.84	2.346	2.125	0.120	5.35
Aver					10.73				8.32				14.89

No	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	Ra	std
1	0.053	0.046	0.056	0.056	0.050	0.048	0.053	0.056	0.052	0.052	0.0036
2	0.128	0.123	0.129	0.131	0.130	0.123	0.137	0.123	0.121	0.127	0.0052
3	0.168	0.154	0.136	0.164	0.165	0.143	0.166	0.133	0.143	0.152	0.0139
4	0.172	0.130	0.121	0.202	0.166	0.157	0.173	0.139	0.132	0.155	0.0262
5	0.183	0.178	0.196	0.204	0.187	0.173	0.185	0.176	0.235	0.191	0.0192
6	0.238	0.237	0.234	0.248	0.196	0.238	0.246	0.215	0.239	0.232	0.0165
7	0.298	0.323	0.363	0.443	0.334	0.363	0.422	0.316	0.388	0.361	0.0492
8	0.378	0.385	0.365	0.395	0.393	0.383	0.386	0.356	0.406	0.383	0.0153
9	0.371	0.344	0.385	0.422	0.458	0.370	0.494	0.465	0.388	0.411	0.0514
10	0.442	0.541	0.495	0.525	0.566	0.522	0.480	0.697	0.598	0.541	0.0746
11	0.737	0.636	0.718	0.827	0.894	0.707	0.877	0.826	1.019	0.805	0.1174
12	0.777	0.819	0.871	0.812	0.893	0.938	0.759	0.648	0.920	0.826	0.0913
13	0.968	0.781	0.810	1.051	0.842	0.848	1.002	0.809	0.844	0.884	0.0970
14	0.848	1.007	0.863	0.628	0.900	0.783	0.857	1.080	1.215	0.909	0.1717
15	1.202	1.125	1.014	1.068	1.130	0.912	1.112	1.038	0.972	1.064	0.0896
16	1.055	1.274	1.019	1.305	1.183	1.019	1.113	1.106	1.331	1.156	0.1223
17	1.781	1.421	1.246	1.894	1.282	1.119	1.657	1.373	1.095	1.430	0.2868
18	1.431	1.921	1.858	1.448	1.832	1.623	1.380	1.786	1.731	1.668	0.2045
19	1.652	2.486	2.367	1.598	2.491	2.450	1.645	2.545	2.508	2.194	0.4244
20	2.308	2.682	2.441	2.078	2.004	2.161	2.288	2.187	2.057	2.245	0.2142
21	2.463	2.051	2.571	2.664	2.369	2.293	2.654	1.799	2.185	2.339	0.2905

No	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
$R a$	0.052	0.152	0.191	0.361	0.411	0.805	0.884	1.064	1.430	2.194	2.339
$C S_{R}$	0.4181	0.4122	0.4065	0.4009	0.3979	0.3697	0.3531	0.3424	0.3229	0.3097	0.2971
$FI$	62.37	61.97	59.20	55.26	55.90	50.16	45.55	42.46	39.80	35.91	33.37
$G a$	5.0146	5.1848	4.6931	4.1978	4.4146	3.7383	3.2076	2.9743	2.5926	2.5130	2.2815

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Journal of the Optical Society of America A