Abstract

Freeform dielectric waveguides connect optical chips made of different materials in fully integrated photonic devices. With a spatial extent in the order of 100 µm, they constitute a computational challenge and make Maxwell full-wave solvers unhandy for the accelerated design. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to have tools that permit the fast prediction of waveguide loss to enable the rapid optimization of waveguide trajectories. Previously developed methods relied on the assumption that only a single mode propagates in the waveguide. However, the propagation of higher-order modes is not just unavoidable due to the geometry of the waveguides, but also, sometimes, beneficial as it increases the number of channels to transmit information. In this contribution, we present an approximate method for the fast calculation of transmission that accommodates the presence of higher-order waveguide modes, and assess its liability by describing light propagation through selected devices.

© 2024 Optica Publishing Group

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