Modeling and oblique transmission characteristics of an underwater wireless optical communication channel based on ocean depth layering

Dan Chen; Dan Chen; Peiyan Zhao; Linhai Tang; Minyan Wang

doi:10.1364/JOSAA.512023

Journal of the Optical Society of America A
Vol. 41,
Issue 3,
pp. 424-434
(2024)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.512023

Modeling and oblique transmission characteristics of an underwater wireless optical communication channel based on ocean depth layering

Dan Chen, Peiyan Zhao, Linhai Tang, and Minyan Wang

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Dan Chen, Peiyan Zhao, Linhai Tang, and Minyan Wang, "Modeling and oblique transmission characteristics of an underwater wireless optical communication channel based on ocean depth layering," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 41, 424-434 (2024)

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Table of Contents Category
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: November 17, 2023
- Revised Manuscript: January 12, 2024
- Manuscript Accepted: January 12, 2024
- Published: February 13, 2024

Abstract

Underwater wireless optical communication is widely considered in the field of underwater communication due to its high bandwidth and low latency. In a real transmission link, the temperature and salinity of seawater, chlorophyll concentration, and bubble density vary with ocean depth. Therefore, the depth of the optical transmitter in seawater and the tilt angle of the beam will exhibit different beam transmission characteristics. In this paper, an underwater oblique-range layered channel model considering the combined effects of dynamic turbulence, absorption, and scattering is developed based on real data of seawater at different depths measured by the Global Ocean Observing Buoy Argo and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution BCO-DMO. The effects of transmission distance, transmitter tilt angle, and transmitter depth on the oblique-range transmission characteristics of the beam in seawater are discussed. The simulation results show that, at the same transmission distance, the beam centroid displacement increases with an increase in transmitter depth only when the transmitter is located above the interior of the thermocline. When the transmitter is located below the interior of the thermocline, the influence of the transmitter tilt angle on the beam centroid displacement decreases. This indicates that at different depths within the interior of the thermocline, the optical beam transmission characteristics exhibit significant variations.

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Data availability

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are available in Refs. [31,36,37].

31. D. M. Checkley, G. A. Jackson, and M. Dagg, “Chlorophyll A and pheopigment concentrations from R/V New Horizon cruise NH1008 in Monterey Bay, near MBARI buoy M1 (36.747N, 122.022W),” Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (2012), https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3724.

36. Argo, “Data from GDACs,” 2023, https://argo.ucsd.edu/data/data-from-gdacs/.

37. T. J. McDougall and P. M. Barker, Getting Started with TEOS-10 and the Gibbs Seawater (GSW) Oceanographic Toolbox (SCOR/IAPSO, 2011).

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Parameters	Value
Wavelength $λ$	532 nm
Light field amplitude $A_{0}$	1
Beam mode field radius $\bar{ω}$	0.01 m
Thermal expansion coefficients $A$	$1.8 \times 1 0^{- 4} - 3 \times 1 0^{- 4}$
Saline contraction coefficients $B$	$7.2 \times 1 0^{- 4} - 7.5 \times 1 0^{- 4}$
Rate of loss of temperature variance $X_{T}$	$1 0^{- 9} - 1 0^{- 4} K^{2} s^{- 1}$
Rate of loss of salinity variance $X_{S}$	$1 0^{- 9} - 1 0^{- 5} K^{2} s^{- 1}$
Turbulent energy dissipation rate $ε$	0.01
Number of grids $N$	256
Chlorophyll concentration $C C$	$0 - 1 . 02 m g / m^{3}$
Kolmogorov microscale $η$	1 mm
Depth interval of phase screen $Δ h$	10 m
Temperature interval of phase screen $Δ T$	1°C
Salinity interval of phase screen $Δ S$	0.1 ppt

ID of Nodes	Latitude	Longitude	Ocean Areas	Climate Zone
3902011	0.504	−120.188	Eastern Pacific	Tropical region
1901711	0.731	8.326	Atlantic coast	Tropical region
1902329	−12.769	5.754	South Atlantic	Subtropical region
1901731	10.852	−38.581	North Atlantic	Tropical-temperate border

Parameters	Value
Wavelength $λ$	532 nm
Light field amplitude $A_{0}$	1
Beam mode field radius $\bar{ω}$	0.01 m
Thermal expansion coefficients $A$	$1.8 \times 1 0^{- 4} - 3 \times 1 0^{- 4}$
Saline contraction coefficients $B$	$7.2 \times 1 0^{- 4} - 7.5 \times 1 0^{- 4}$
Rate of loss of temperature variance $X_{T}$	$1 0^{- 9} - 1 0^{- 4} K^{2} s^{- 1}$
Rate of loss of salinity variance $X_{S}$	$1 0^{- 9} - 1 0^{- 5} K^{2} s^{- 1}$
Turbulent energy dissipation rate $ε$	0.01
Number of grids $N$	256
Chlorophyll concentration $C C$	$0 - 1 . 02 m g / m^{3}$
Kolmogorov microscale $η$	1 mm
Depth interval of phase screen $Δ h$	10 m
Temperature interval of phase screen $Δ T$	1°C
Salinity interval of phase screen $Δ S$	0.1 ppt

ID of Nodes	Latitude	Longitude	Ocean Areas	Climate Zone
3902011	0.504	−120.188	Eastern Pacific	Tropical region
1901711	0.731	8.326	Atlantic coast	Tropical region
1902329	−12.769	5.754	South Atlantic	Subtropical region
1901731	10.852	−38.581	North Atlantic	Tropical-temperate border

Abstract

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Equations (29)

Journal of the Optical Society of America A