Color matching and the Stiles–Crawford effect in observers with early age-related macular changes

Vivianne C. Smith; Joel Pokorny; Kenneth R. Diddie

doi:10.1364/JOSAA.5.002113

Journal of the Optical Society of America A
Vol. 5,
Issue 12,
pp. 2113-2121
(1988)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.5.002113

Color matching and the Stiles–Crawford effect in observers with early age-related macular changes

Vivianne C. Smith, Joel Pokorny, and Kenneth R. Diddie

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Vivianne C. Smith, Joel Pokorny, and Kenneth R. Diddie, "Color matching and the Stiles–Crawford effect in observers with early age-related macular changes," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 5, 2113-2121 (1988)

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Abstract

We studied the color-match-area effect and the Stiles–Crawford effect in 10 observers with age-related macular changes. Observers were graded on a scale of I to IV according to the Sarks classification, which correlates fundus appearance and visual acuity with the severity of postmortem histological changes in Bruch’s membrane. Observers in group II showed subtle abnormalities of color matching; those in groups III and IV showed more-severe abnormalities. The Stiles–Crawford effect was abnormal in 9 of 10 eyes tested. Only one observer showed a Stiles–Crawford effect that had a well-defined peak near the center of the pupil and a near-normal bandpass. The results suggest that early age-related changes visible in the fundus can be revealed by psychophysical tests of photoreceptor architecture.

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Grade	Histological Description	Usual Visual Acuity Range	Fundus Appearance
I	No basal linear deposit in Bruch’s membrane	6/6–6/9	Small drusen (20% of cases)
II	Patchy basal linear deposit in Bruch’s membrane	6/6–6/12	Drusen (20%)
III	Thick continuous basal linear deposit in Bruch’s membrane	6/9–6/24	Drusen, fine pigment clumping (50%)
IV	Thick continuous basal linear deposit in Bruch’s membrane	6/12–6/24	Drusen, coarse pigment clumping
V	Late stage of geographic atrophy	Severely reduced	Geographic atrophy
VI	Late stage of disciform degeneration	Severely reduced	Disciform degeneration

Sarks Grade	Observer Number	Sex	Age	Eye	Visual Acuity	FM 100-Hue Test Result^a	Fundus Appearance
II	1	F	50	Left	6/6		Pigmentary changes, drusen
				Right	6/6	75	Pigmentary changes, drusen
	5	F	55	Left	6/6	149	Pigmentary changes
				Right	6/6
	10	M	78	Left	6/9	92	Pigmentary changes (right eye)
				Right	5/6	116	Pigmentary changes (right eye)
III	3	M	53	Left	6/9	165	Pigmentary changes, drusen
				Right	6/6	199	Pigmentary changes, drusen
	4	F	53	Left	6/6	36	Pigmentary changes, punctate lenticular opacities (left eye)
				Right	6/12	30
	6	M	59	Left	6/6	DA	Drusen (left eye),
				Right	6/9	DA	pigmentary changes
	9	M	72	Left	6/6		Pigmentary changes
				Right	5/6	116	Pigmentary changes
IV	2	M	52	Left	6/9	96	Pigmentary changes, neovascular membrane (right eye)
				Right	6/6	116	Pigmentary changes, neovascular membrane (right eye)
	7	M	68	Left	5/6		Pigmentary changes, drusen, neovascular membrane, (right eye)
				Right	5/6
	8	F	70	Left	6/18		Pigmentary changes, neovascular membrane (right eye)
				Right	6/9		Pigmentary changes, neovascular membrane (right eye)

Grade	Histological Description	Usual Visual Acuity Range	Fundus Appearance
I	No basal linear deposit in Bruch’s membrane	6/6–6/9	Small drusen (20% of cases)
II	Patchy basal linear deposit in Bruch’s membrane	6/6–6/12	Drusen (20%)
III	Thick continuous basal linear deposit in Bruch’s membrane	6/9–6/24	Drusen, fine pigment clumping (50%)
IV	Thick continuous basal linear deposit in Bruch’s membrane	6/12–6/24	Drusen, coarse pigment clumping
V	Late stage of geographic atrophy	Severely reduced	Geographic atrophy
VI	Late stage of disciform degeneration	Severely reduced	Disciform degeneration

Sarks Grade	Observer Number	Sex	Age	Eye	Visual Acuity	FM 100-Hue Test Result^a	Fundus Appearance
II	1	F	50	Left	6/6		Pigmentary changes, drusen
				Right	6/6	75	Pigmentary changes, drusen
	5	F	55	Left	6/6	149	Pigmentary changes
				Right	6/6
	10	M	78	Left	6/9	92	Pigmentary changes (right eye)
				Right	5/6	116	Pigmentary changes (right eye)
III	3	M	53	Left	6/9	165	Pigmentary changes, drusen
				Right	6/6	199	Pigmentary changes, drusen
	4	F	53	Left	6/6	36	Pigmentary changes, punctate lenticular opacities (left eye)
				Right	6/12	30
	6	M	59	Left	6/6	DA	Drusen (left eye),
				Right	6/9	DA	pigmentary changes
	9	M	72	Left	6/6		Pigmentary changes
				Right	5/6	116	Pigmentary changes
IV	2	M	52	Left	6/9	96	Pigmentary changes, neovascular membrane (right eye)
				Right	6/6	116	Pigmentary changes, neovascular membrane (right eye)
	7	M	68	Left	5/6		Pigmentary changes, drusen, neovascular membrane, (right eye)
				Right	5/6
	8	F	70	Left	6/18		Pigmentary changes, neovascular membrane (right eye)
				Right	6/9		Pigmentary changes, neovascular membrane (right eye)

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Journal of the Optical Society of America A