Abstract

A rate-equations model that takes into account the energy transfer between ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+},$ as well as ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ clustering, is employed to analyze the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of high-power, gain-flattened, ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}–{\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$-codoped fiber amplifiers (EYDFA). Numerical results for C-band EYDFA and L-band EYDFA show that the PCE strongly depends on the excess pump losses and on the pump-band amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). It is found that the L-band EYDFA is more efficient in the limit of strong injected signal powers and large cladding areas. It is also shown that the PCE significantly improves on increasing the ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$ concentration in the C-band EYDFA, whereas in the L-band EYDFA it mainly depends on the pump wavelength. The effect of ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ clusters on the PCE is discussed.

© 2003 Optical Society of America

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