Abstract

Nonlinear spectral broadening to $200\mathrm{nm}$, from an initial width of $50\mathrm{nm}$, has been demonstrated in gallium lanthanum sulphide glass waveguides from $1540\mathrm{nm}$, $200\mathrm{fs}$ pulses at $30\mathrm{nJ}$/pulse. A formation mechanism is presented for these femtosecond laser written waveguides, based on optical characterization and comparisons to previous work. Two different types of waveguide are identified. One has a characteristic long narrow structure and is formed through filamentation caused by self-focusing. The other has a characteristic “teardrop” structure, which is formed by a type IIA photosensitivity mechanism and cumulative heating of glass around a central laser-exposed region.

© 2009 Optical Society of America

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