Liejuan Jia, Chunyang Jing, Zhiyao Zhou, and Fucheng Lin, "Hyperfine structure and isotope shifts of high-lying odd-parity levels of Gd i by resonantly enhanced Doppler-free two-photon spectroscopy," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 10, 2269-2272 (1993)
The technique of employing resonantly enhanced Doppler-free two-photon spectroscopy has been applied to the study of Gd i for the first time to our knowledge. The high-lying odd-parity levels investigated range from 34 698 to 41 213 cm−1. By analysis of the recorded fluorescence spectra, the hyperfine-structure constants of four levels and isotope shifts of seven two-photon transition lines are obtained.
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Single-Photon Transition Lines Used in the Present Study of Gd ia
λ1 (Å)
Configuration
E1 (cm−1)
SLJ
Configuration
E2 (cm−1)
SLJ
λf1 (Å)
5853.16
4f75d6s2
532.977
4f75d6s6p
17 617.767
9F3
5746.3
5792.97
4f75d6s2
532.977
4f75d6s6p
17 795.267
9D3
5619.5
5906.19
4f75d6s2
999.121
4/75d6s6p
17 930.516
9D4
5644.8
5891.19
4f75d6s2
999.121
4/75d6s6p
17 973.611
9F4
5631.1
5857.84
4f75d6s2
999.121
4/75d6s6p
18 070.257
9D6
6115.8
5853.25
4f75d6s2
999.121
4f75d6s6p
18 083.642
9D5
5697.8
5809.32
4f75d6s2
6786.184
4f75d6s6p
23 999.912
J = 5
4347.7
The laser wavelength (λ1, in vacuum) is given in the first column, and the excitation energies and spectroscopic descriptions of the lower (E1) and the upper (E2) states of the transition are listed in the next six columns. The fluorescence wavelength (λf1, in vacuum) is given in the final column.
Table 2
Single-Photon Transition Lines Used in the Present Study of Gd ia
λ2 (Å)
Configuration
E2 (cm−1)
SLJ
Configuration
E1 (cm−1)
SLJ
λf2 (Å)
5737.90
4f75d6s6p
17 617.767
9F3
—
35 045.755
J = 3
5517.1
5796.94
4f75d6s6p
17 795.267
9D3
—
35 045.755
J = 3
5488.1
5668.70
4f75d6s6p
17 795.267
9D3
4f75d6s7s
35 435.990
6191.8
5671.90
4f75d6s6p
17 930.516
9D4
4f76s6p2
35 561.302
5163.9
5979.21
4f75d6s6p
17 973.611
9F4
4f86s6p?
34 698.222
J = 4
4508.9
5857.50
4f75d6s6p
17 973.611
9F4
—
35 045.755
J = 3
5517.1
5993.50
4f75d6s6p
18 070.257
9D6
4f75d6s7s
34 754.990
6982.8
5998.32
4f75d6s6p
18 083.642
9D5
4f75d6s7s
34 754.990
6982.8
5721.59
4f75d6s6p
18 083.642
9D5
4f76s6p2
35 561.302
5128.2
5809.66
4f75d6s6p
23 999.912
J = 5
—
41 212.620
J = 6
6430.3
The laser wavelength (λ2, in vacuum) is given in the first column, and the excitation energies and spectroscopic descriptions of the lower (E2) and the upper (E3) states of the transition are listed in the next six columns. The fluorescence wavelength (λf2, in vacuum) is given in the final column.
Table 3
Hfs Constants Determined for 157,155Gd i High-Lying Odd-Parity Levels by Resonantly Enhanced Doppler-Free Two-Photon Spectroscopy
E3 (cm−1)
157Gd
155Gd
A (MHz)
B (MHz)
A (MHz)
B (MHz)
34 754.990
−111.9(30)
960(78)
−72.4(60)
853(156)
35 045.755
17.3(54)
75(61)
11.2(54)
59(61)
35 435.990
311.6(79)
−356(45)
240.1(79)
−303(45)
35 561.302
−204.5(42)
−222(69)
−162.1(42)
−275(69)
Table 4
Isotope Shifts of the Two-Photon Transitions for Gd i by Resonantly Enhanced Doppler-Free Two-Photon Spectroscopya
E1 (cm−1)
E3 (cm−1)
Isotope Shifts (GHz)
160, 158
158, 156
156, 154
157, 156
156, 155
532.977
35 045.755
0.01
0.01
0.01
0
0.01
35 435.990
−0.81
−0.77
−1.12
0.12
−0.73
999.121
34 698.222
−1.73
−1.59
—
—
—
34 754.990
−0.61
−0.60
−0.81
−0.06
−0.75
35 045.755
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.08
−0.04
35 561.302
−0.74
−0.64
−0.91
−0.38
−0.27
6786.184
41 212.620
0
—
—
—
—
The minus indicates that the lighter isotope lies at a higher frequency than the heavier. The uncertainty is ±50 MHz for the transitions with the final states at 35 045.755 and 41 212.620 cm−1 and ±25 MHz for the others.
Tables (4)
Table 1
Single-Photon Transition Lines Used in the Present Study of Gd ia
λ1 (Å)
Configuration
E1 (cm−1)
SLJ
Configuration
E2 (cm−1)
SLJ
λf1 (Å)
5853.16
4f75d6s2
532.977
4f75d6s6p
17 617.767
9F3
5746.3
5792.97
4f75d6s2
532.977
4f75d6s6p
17 795.267
9D3
5619.5
5906.19
4f75d6s2
999.121
4/75d6s6p
17 930.516
9D4
5644.8
5891.19
4f75d6s2
999.121
4/75d6s6p
17 973.611
9F4
5631.1
5857.84
4f75d6s2
999.121
4/75d6s6p
18 070.257
9D6
6115.8
5853.25
4f75d6s2
999.121
4f75d6s6p
18 083.642
9D5
5697.8
5809.32
4f75d6s2
6786.184
4f75d6s6p
23 999.912
J = 5
4347.7
The laser wavelength (λ1, in vacuum) is given in the first column, and the excitation energies and spectroscopic descriptions of the lower (E1) and the upper (E2) states of the transition are listed in the next six columns. The fluorescence wavelength (λf1, in vacuum) is given in the final column.
Table 2
Single-Photon Transition Lines Used in the Present Study of Gd ia
λ2 (Å)
Configuration
E2 (cm−1)
SLJ
Configuration
E1 (cm−1)
SLJ
λf2 (Å)
5737.90
4f75d6s6p
17 617.767
9F3
—
35 045.755
J = 3
5517.1
5796.94
4f75d6s6p
17 795.267
9D3
—
35 045.755
J = 3
5488.1
5668.70
4f75d6s6p
17 795.267
9D3
4f75d6s7s
35 435.990
6191.8
5671.90
4f75d6s6p
17 930.516
9D4
4f76s6p2
35 561.302
5163.9
5979.21
4f75d6s6p
17 973.611
9F4
4f86s6p?
34 698.222
J = 4
4508.9
5857.50
4f75d6s6p
17 973.611
9F4
—
35 045.755
J = 3
5517.1
5993.50
4f75d6s6p
18 070.257
9D6
4f75d6s7s
34 754.990
6982.8
5998.32
4f75d6s6p
18 083.642
9D5
4f75d6s7s
34 754.990
6982.8
5721.59
4f75d6s6p
18 083.642
9D5
4f76s6p2
35 561.302
5128.2
5809.66
4f75d6s6p
23 999.912
J = 5
—
41 212.620
J = 6
6430.3
The laser wavelength (λ2, in vacuum) is given in the first column, and the excitation energies and spectroscopic descriptions of the lower (E2) and the upper (E3) states of the transition are listed in the next six columns. The fluorescence wavelength (λf2, in vacuum) is given in the final column.
Table 3
Hfs Constants Determined for 157,155Gd i High-Lying Odd-Parity Levels by Resonantly Enhanced Doppler-Free Two-Photon Spectroscopy
E3 (cm−1)
157Gd
155Gd
A (MHz)
B (MHz)
A (MHz)
B (MHz)
34 754.990
−111.9(30)
960(78)
−72.4(60)
853(156)
35 045.755
17.3(54)
75(61)
11.2(54)
59(61)
35 435.990
311.6(79)
−356(45)
240.1(79)
−303(45)
35 561.302
−204.5(42)
−222(69)
−162.1(42)
−275(69)
Table 4
Isotope Shifts of the Two-Photon Transitions for Gd i by Resonantly Enhanced Doppler-Free Two-Photon Spectroscopya
E1 (cm−1)
E3 (cm−1)
Isotope Shifts (GHz)
160, 158
158, 156
156, 154
157, 156
156, 155
532.977
35 045.755
0.01
0.01
0.01
0
0.01
35 435.990
−0.81
−0.77
−1.12
0.12
−0.73
999.121
34 698.222
−1.73
−1.59
—
—
—
34 754.990
−0.61
−0.60
−0.81
−0.06
−0.75
35 045.755
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.08
−0.04
35 561.302
−0.74
−0.64
−0.91
−0.38
−0.27
6786.184
41 212.620
0
—
—
—
—
The minus indicates that the lighter isotope lies at a higher frequency than the heavier. The uncertainty is ±50 MHz for the transitions with the final states at 35 045.755 and 41 212.620 cm−1 and ±25 MHz for the others.