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Origin of temperature-dependent diffraction efficiency in self-enhanced readout from thermally fixed gratings in photorefractive barium titanate

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Abstract

We investigate the role of temperature-dependent ionic and re-created photocarrier(hole) gratings in self-enhanced readout from thermally fixed holographic gratings in undoped barium titanate. Initial and steady-state values of self-enhanced diffraction efficiencies were analyzed to separate ion and hole components of holographic gratings. We show that the temperature dependence of the diffraction efficiency below 80 °C is determined mainly by the temperature-dependent behavior of the dielectric and electro-optic constants. On the other hand, it is predominantly the trend of the ionic grating that determines the temperature dependence of the diffraction efficiency above 80 °C, even though the magnitude of the hole grating increases monotonically and is more than 10 times larger than that of the ionic grating. This finding explains the origin of the previously reported behavior of the temperature-dependent diffraction efficiency in barium titanate [Zhang, et al., Appl. Opt. 34, 5241 (1995)]. An activation energy of the mobile ions was determined to be 1.05 eV, from which the shelf life of the ionic grating is estimated to be more than 150 days at 25 °C.

© 1997 Optical Society of America

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