Optical gain in (Zn, Cd)Se–Zn(S, Se) quantum wells

F. P. Logue; P. Rees; J. F. Heffernan; C. Jordan; J. F. Donegan; J. Hegarty; F. Hiei; S. Taniguchi; T. Hino; K. Nakano; A. Ishibashi

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.15.001295

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 15,
Issue 4,
pp. 1295-1304
(1998)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.15.001295

Optical gain in (Zn, Cd)Se–Zn(S, Se) quantum wells

F. P. Logue, P. Rees, J. F. Heffernan, C. Jordan, J. F. Donegan, J. Hegarty, F. Hiei, S. Taniguchi, T. Hino, K. Nakano, and A. Ishibashi

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F. P. Logue, P. Rees, J. F. Heffernan, C. Jordan, J. F. Donegan, J. Hegarty, F. Hiei, S. Taniguchi, T. Hino, K. Nakano, and A. Ishibashi, "Optical gain in (Zn, Cd)Se–Zn(S, Se) quantum wells," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 1295-1304 (1998)

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Abstract

We have investigated the mechanism of stimulated emission in ZnCdSe–ZnSSe quantum wells through optically pumped measurements of the gain spectrum in a variety of structures from 270 to 77 K. We also calculated the optical gain, using a model that includes many-body effects, and found excellent agreement between the calculated gain line shapes and our measurements. Under the conditions studied, which are close to those found in an operating laser diode, we conclude that the stimulated emission arises from an electron–hole plasma in our samples, even down to 77 K. Although our measurements do not rule out exciton gain mechanisms at other temperatures or operating conditions, sensitive line-shape fitting does not require them in our case. However, our line-shape analysis does show that Coulomb enhancement is significant, even at room temperature.

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Parameter	Symbol	ZnSe	CdSe	ZnS
Energy gap	$E_{g}$ at 4.2 K (eV)	2.82	1.77	3.84
	$E_{g}$ at 300 K (eV)	2.72	1.67	3.68
Lattice parameter	$a$ (nm)	0.56686	0.6052 ^b	0.54093 ^c
Electron mass	$m_{e} / m_{0}$	0.16	0.13	0.34
Heavy-hole mass	$m_{hh} / m_{0}$	0.6 ^d	0.45 ^d	0.49 ^c
Light-hole mass	$m_{lh} / m_{0}$	0.145 ^d	0.145	0.23
Luttinger parameter	$γ_{1}$	4.28	4.56	3.19
	$γ_{2}$	1.31	1.17	0.58
Dielectric constant
Static	ε(0)	8.8 ^b	9.3 ^b	8.8
High frequency	ε(∞)	7.0	6.3	7.0
Hydrostatic deformation potential
Conduction band	$a_{c}$ (eV)	$- 4.17$	$- 4.17$	$- 4.09$
Valence band	$a_{v}$ (eV)	1.65	1.65	2.31
Shear deformation potential	$b$ (eV)	$- 1.2$	$- 1.1$	$- 0.75$
Elastic constants	$C_{11}$ $(10^{6}$ $kg / {cm}^{2})$	0.826	0.749	1.067
	$C_{12}$ $(10^{6}$ $kg / {cm}^{2})$	0.468	0.461	0.666
Split-off energy	$Δ_{0}$ (eV)	0.42 ^c	0.42	0.07 ^c

Temperature (K)	Pump Intensity $(kW {cm}^{- 2})$	Γ	Carrier Density
Temperature (K)	Pump Intensity $(kW {cm}^{- 2})$	Γ	Estimated from Laser Intensity $({cm}^{- 2} \times 10^{12})$	From Fits $({cm}^{- 2})$
MQW (Fig. 4)
270	100	0.040	10.0	$3.60 \times 10^{12}$
180	30	0.041	3.0	$2.21 \times 10^{12}$
77	8	0.040	0.8	$1.62 \times 10^{12}$
SCH (Fig. 5)
270	10	0.042	13.0	$3.73 \times 10^{12}$
170	3	0.040	3.9	$1.21 \times 10^{12}$
77	1	0.034	1.3	$6.72 \times 10^{11}$

Parameter	Symbol	ZnSe	CdSe	ZnS
Energy gap	$E_{g}$ at 4.2 K (eV)	2.82	1.77	3.84
	$E_{g}$ at 300 K (eV)	2.72	1.67	3.68
Lattice parameter	$a$ (nm)	0.56686	0.6052 ^b	0.54093 ^c
Electron mass	$m_{e} / m_{0}$	0.16	0.13	0.34
Heavy-hole mass	$m_{hh} / m_{0}$	0.6 ^d	0.45 ^d	0.49 ^c
Light-hole mass	$m_{lh} / m_{0}$	0.145 ^d	0.145	0.23
Luttinger parameter	$γ_{1}$	4.28	4.56	3.19
	$γ_{2}$	1.31	1.17	0.58
Dielectric constant
Static	ε(0)	8.8 ^b	9.3 ^b	8.8
High frequency	ε(∞)	7.0	6.3	7.0
Hydrostatic deformation potential
Conduction band	$a_{c}$ (eV)	$- 4.17$	$- 4.17$	$- 4.09$
Valence band	$a_{v}$ (eV)	1.65	1.65	2.31
Shear deformation potential	$b$ (eV)	$- 1.2$	$- 1.1$	$- 0.75$
Elastic constants	$C_{11}$ $(10^{6}$ $kg / {cm}^{2})$	0.826	0.749	1.067
	$C_{12}$ $(10^{6}$ $kg / {cm}^{2})$	0.468	0.461	0.666
Split-off energy	$Δ_{0}$ (eV)	0.42 ^c	0.42	0.07 ^c

Temperature (K)	Pump Intensity $(kW {cm}^{- 2})$	Γ	Carrier Density
Temperature (K)	Pump Intensity $(kW {cm}^{- 2})$	Γ	Estimated from Laser Intensity $({cm}^{- 2} \times 10^{12})$	From Fits $({cm}^{- 2})$
MQW (Fig. 4)
270	100	0.040	10.0	$3.60 \times 10^{12}$
180	30	0.041	3.0	$2.21 \times 10^{12}$
77	8	0.040	0.8	$1.62 \times 10^{12}$
SCH (Fig. 5)
270	10	0.042	13.0	$3.73 \times 10^{12}$
170	3	0.040	3.9	$1.21 \times 10^{12}$
77	1	0.034	1.3	$6.72 \times 10^{11}$

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