Characteristics of DuPont photopolymers for slanted holographic grating formations

Shun-Der Wu; Elias N. Glytsis

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.21.001722

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 21,
Issue 10,
pp. 1722-1731
(2004)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.21.001722

Characteristics of DuPont photopolymers for slanted holographic grating formations

Shun-Der Wu and Elias N. Glytsis

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Shun-Der Wu and Elias N. Glytsis, "Characteristics of DuPont photopolymers for slanted holographic grating formations," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 21, 1722-1731 (2004)

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Abstract

The characteristic parameters of DuPont OmniDex613 photopolymers including the shrinkage factor, diffusion coefficient, and nonlocal response length are studied for slanted holographic gratings recorded at the UV wavelength of 363.8 nm by application of the rigorous coupled-wave analysis in conjunction with an angular-selectivity measurement, a real-time diffraction-monitoring technique, and a nonlocal diffusion model. Both small (<20 deg) and large (>40 deg) slant-angle gratings are presented. Depending on the exposure intensity, the recording shrinkage factor of the photopolymer varies from ∼2.75% to ∼4.20%. Furthermore, the effects of postbaking conditions on the refractive-index modulations and the shifts of Bragg angles for slanted holographic gratings are also investigated systematically. It is found that the postbaking processing can not only increase the refractive-index modulations from $Δ n_{1} \sim 0.013$ to ∼0.028 for a small slant-angle grating and from $Δ n_{1} \sim 0.011$ to ∼0.022 for a large slant-angle grating, but can also compensate the recording shrinkage.

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Exposure Irradiance $I_{0} (mW / {cm}^{2})$	Optimum Temperature $T_{b} (° C)$	Optimum Time $t_{b} (h)$	Refractive-Index Modulation $Δ n_{1} (\times 10^{- 2})$
Exposure Irradiance $I_{0} (mW / {cm}^{2})$	Optimum Temperature $T_{b} (° C)$	Optimum Time $t_{b} (h)$	Before Baking	After Baking
Small Slant-Angle Gratings $(Λ = 0.5 µ m, ϕ = 13.71 °)$
0.043	120	1.5	1.31	2.59
0.110	120	2.0	1.29	2.96
0.240	120	1.5	1.26	2.87
0.368	120	1.5	1.24	2.80
Large Slant-Angle Gratings $(Λ = 0.5 µ m, ϕ = 45.0 °)$
0.043	120	2.0	1.20	2.01
0.110	120	1.5	1.13	2.12
0.240	120	1.5	1.12	2.33

Exposure Irradiance $I_{0} (mW / {cm}^{2})$	κ $(cm / \sqrt{mW} \cdot s)$	$R_{D}$	$σ_{D}$	$C_{p}$ (cm³/mol)	$C_{m}$ (cm³/mol)	$D_{0}$ (cm²/s)	$\sqrt{σ}$ (nm)
Small Slant-Angle Gratings $(Λ = 0.5 µ m, ϕ = 13.71 °)$
0.043	0.032	1.40	0.49	$3.8 \times 10^{- 4}$	$4.0 \times 10^{- 4}$	$0.588 \times 10^{- 12}$	55.68
0.110	0.059	0.69	0.44	$4.1 \times 10^{- 4}$	$4.3 \times 10^{- 4}$	$0.854 \times 10^{- 12}$	52.77
0.240	0.072	0.49	0.39	$4.6 \times 10^{- 4}$	$4.2 \times 10^{- 4}$	$1.094 \times 10^{- 12}$	49.68
0.368	0.096	0.33	0.31	$5.5 \times 10^{- 4}$	$5.6 \times 10^{- 4}$	$1.216 \times 10^{- 12}$	44.29
Average	0.0648		0.41	$4.5 \times 10^{- 4}$	$4.53 \times 10^{- 4}$	$0.938 \times 10^{- 12}$	50.61
Large Slant-Angle Gratings $(Λ = 0.5 µ m, ϕ = 45.0 °)$
0.043	0.032	1.36	0.51	$3.4 \times 10^{- 4}$	$3.6 \times 10^{- 4}$	$0.571 \times 10^{- 12}$	56.81
0.110	0.058	0.68	0.47	$3.7 \times 10^{- 4}$	$3.9 \times 10^{- 4}$	$0.828 \times 10^{- 12}$	54.54
0.240	0.073	0.49	0.39	$4.1 \times 10^{- 4}$	$3.9 \times 10^{- 4}$	$1.109 \times 10^{- 12}$	49.68
Average	0.0543		0.46	$3.73 \times 10^{- 4}$	$3.8 \times 10^{- 4}$	$0.836 \times 10^{- 12}$	53.68

Exposure Irradiance $I_{0} (mW / {cm}^{2})$	Optimum Temperature $T_{b} (° C)$	Optimum Time $t_{b} (h)$	Refractive-Index Modulation $Δ n_{1} (\times 10^{- 2})$
Exposure Irradiance $I_{0} (mW / {cm}^{2})$	Optimum Temperature $T_{b} (° C)$	Optimum Time $t_{b} (h)$	Before Baking	After Baking
Small Slant-Angle Gratings $(Λ = 0.5 µ m, ϕ = 13.71 °)$
0.043	120	1.5	1.31	2.59
0.110	120	2.0	1.29	2.96
0.240	120	1.5	1.26	2.87
0.368	120	1.5	1.24	2.80
Large Slant-Angle Gratings $(Λ = 0.5 µ m, ϕ = 45.0 °)$
0.043	120	2.0	1.20	2.01
0.110	120	1.5	1.13	2.12
0.240	120	1.5	1.12	2.33

Exposure Irradiance $I_{0} (mW / {cm}^{2})$	κ $(cm / \sqrt{mW} \cdot s)$	$R_{D}$	$σ_{D}$	$C_{p}$ (cm³/mol)	$C_{m}$ (cm³/mol)	$D_{0}$ (cm²/s)	$\sqrt{σ}$ (nm)
Small Slant-Angle Gratings $(Λ = 0.5 µ m, ϕ = 13.71 °)$
0.043	0.032	1.40	0.49	$3.8 \times 10^{- 4}$	$4.0 \times 10^{- 4}$	$0.588 \times 10^{- 12}$	55.68
0.110	0.059	0.69	0.44	$4.1 \times 10^{- 4}$	$4.3 \times 10^{- 4}$	$0.854 \times 10^{- 12}$	52.77
0.240	0.072	0.49	0.39	$4.6 \times 10^{- 4}$	$4.2 \times 10^{- 4}$	$1.094 \times 10^{- 12}$	49.68
0.368	0.096	0.33	0.31	$5.5 \times 10^{- 4}$	$5.6 \times 10^{- 4}$	$1.216 \times 10^{- 12}$	44.29
Average	0.0648		0.41	$4.5 \times 10^{- 4}$	$4.53 \times 10^{- 4}$	$0.938 \times 10^{- 12}$	50.61
Large Slant-Angle Gratings $(Λ = 0.5 µ m, ϕ = 45.0 °)$
0.043	0.032	1.36	0.51	$3.4 \times 10^{- 4}$	$3.6 \times 10^{- 4}$	$0.571 \times 10^{- 12}$	56.81
0.110	0.058	0.68	0.47	$3.7 \times 10^{- 4}$	$3.9 \times 10^{- 4}$	$0.828 \times 10^{- 12}$	54.54
0.240	0.073	0.49	0.39	$4.1 \times 10^{- 4}$	$3.9 \times 10^{- 4}$	$1.109 \times 10^{- 12}$	49.68
Average	0.0543		0.46	$3.73 \times 10^{- 4}$	$3.8 \times 10^{- 4}$	$0.836 \times 10^{- 12}$	53.68

Abstract

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Figures (10)

Tables (2)

Equations (12)

Journal of the Optical Society of America B