Pulsed- and continuous-wave difference-frequency generation in AlGaAs Bragg reflection waveguides

J. B. Han; D. P. Kang; P. Abolghasem; B. J. Bijlani; A. S. Helmy

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.27.002488

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 27,
Issue 12,
pp. 2488-2494
(2010)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.27.002488

Pulsed- and continuous-wave difference-frequency generation in AlGaAs Bragg reflection waveguides

J. B. Han, D. P. Kang, P. Abolghasem, B. J. Bijlani, and A. S. Helmy

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J. B. Han, D. P. Kang, P. Abolghasem, B. J. Bijlani, and A. S. Helmy, "Pulsed- and continuous-wave difference-frequency generation in AlGaAs Bragg reflection waveguides," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27, 2488-2494 (2010)

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Abstract

Pulsed- and continuous-wave type-I and type-II difference-frequency generations (DFGs) in monolithic AlGaAs Bragg reflection waveguides were comparatively investigated. Phase matching bandwidth of exceeding 40 nm was observed in all the processes. Highest difference-frequency (DF) power of 2.45 nW was obtained in continuous-wave type-II interaction with the average external pump and signal powers of 62.9 and 2.9 mW, respectively. The corresponding nonlinear conversion efficiency is about $1.3 \times 10^{- 3} % W^{- 1}$ for a sample with a length of 1.5 mm. Using split-step Fourier method, the impacts of third-order nonlinearities including two-photon absorption and self-phase modulation on the efficiency of the DFG are numerically investigated. Furthermore, the adverse effects of group velocity mismatch and group velocity dispersion of the interacting frequencies on the efficiency of the pulsed nonlinear process are theoretically studied. Simulations indicate that the dominant factors in limiting the efficiency of the pulsed interaction are group velocity mismatch between pump and DF signal and two-photon absorption of the interacting waves.

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DFG Process	$P_{p}$ (mW)	$P_{s}$ (mW)	$P_{DF}$ (nW)	$Δ λ_{p}$ (nm)	$Δ λ_{DFG}$ (nm)	$P_{DF} / (P_{p} P_{s})$ $(% W^{- 1})$	$P_{DF} / (P_{p} P_{s} L^{2})$ $(% W^{- 1} {cm}^{2})$
Type-I-Pulsed	62.9	2.9	0.22	0.66	$> 40$	$1.2 \times 10^{- 4}$	$5.4 \times 10^{- 3}$
Type-II-Pulsed	62.9	2.9	0.95	0.48	$> 40$	$5.2 \times 10^{- 4}$	$2.3 \times 10^{- 2}$
Type-I-cw	62.9	2.9	0.31	0.26	$> 40$	$1.7 \times 10^{- 4}$	$7.6 \times 10^{- 3}$
Type-II-cw	62.9	2.9	2.45	0.17	$> 40$	$1.3 \times 10^{- 3}$	$5.8 \times 10^{- 2}$

Parameter	Value
Nonlinear interaction	Type II
$d_{eff}$	40.0 pm/V
$(α_{0, DF}, α_{0, s}, α_{0, p})$	(2.0,2.2,5.0)/cm
$(α_{2, DF}, α_{2, s}, α_{2, p})$	(0.03,0.15,11.5) cm/GW
$n_{2, DF}$	$3.4 \times 10^{- 5} {cm}^{2} / GW$
$n_{2, s}$	$3.7 \times 10^{- 5} {cm}^{2} / GW$
$n_{2, p}$	$- 1.2 \times 10^{- 5} {cm}^{2} / GW$
$(A_{eff, DF}^{(3)}, A_{eff, s}^{(3)}, A_{eff, p}^{(3)})$	$(6.7, 6.6, 3.2) μ m^{2}$
${GVM}_{DF, p} (pulsed, cw)$	(−10.67,0) ps/mm
${GVD}_{DF} (pulsed, cw)$	$(5.65, 0) {fs}^{2} / μ m$
${GVD}_{s} (pulsed, cw)$	$(5.65, 0) {fs}^{2} / μ m$
${GVD}_{p} (pulsed, cw)$	$(170, 0) {fs}^{2} / μ m$
Pulse width	2 ps
Pulse repetition rate	76 MHz

DFG Process	$P_{p}$ (mW)	$P_{s}$ (mW)	$P_{DF}$ (nW)	$Δ λ_{p}$ (nm)	$Δ λ_{DFG}$ (nm)	$P_{DF} / (P_{p} P_{s})$ $(% W^{- 1})$	$P_{DF} / (P_{p} P_{s} L^{2})$ $(% W^{- 1} {cm}^{2})$
Type-I-Pulsed	62.9	2.9	0.22	0.66	$> 40$	$1.2 \times 10^{- 4}$	$5.4 \times 10^{- 3}$
Type-II-Pulsed	62.9	2.9	0.95	0.48	$> 40$	$5.2 \times 10^{- 4}$	$2.3 \times 10^{- 2}$
Type-I-cw	62.9	2.9	0.31	0.26	$> 40$	$1.7 \times 10^{- 4}$	$7.6 \times 10^{- 3}$
Type-II-cw	62.9	2.9	2.45	0.17	$> 40$	$1.3 \times 10^{- 3}$	$5.8 \times 10^{- 2}$

Parameter	Value
Nonlinear interaction	Type II
$d_{eff}$	40.0 pm/V
$(α_{0, DF}, α_{0, s}, α_{0, p})$	(2.0,2.2,5.0)/cm
$(α_{2, DF}, α_{2, s}, α_{2, p})$	(0.03,0.15,11.5) cm/GW
$n_{2, DF}$	$3.4 \times 10^{- 5} {cm}^{2} / GW$
$n_{2, s}$	$3.7 \times 10^{- 5} {cm}^{2} / GW$
$n_{2, p}$	$- 1.2 \times 10^{- 5} {cm}^{2} / GW$
$(A_{eff, DF}^{(3)}, A_{eff, s}^{(3)}, A_{eff, p}^{(3)})$	$(6.7, 6.6, 3.2) μ m^{2}$
${GVM}_{DF, p} (pulsed, cw)$	(−10.67,0) ps/mm
${GVD}_{DF} (pulsed, cw)$	$(5.65, 0) {fs}^{2} / μ m$
${GVD}_{s} (pulsed, cw)$	$(5.65, 0) {fs}^{2} / μ m$
${GVD}_{p} (pulsed, cw)$	$(170, 0) {fs}^{2} / μ m$
Pulse width	2 ps
Pulse repetition rate	76 MHz

Abstract

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Equations (5)

Journal of the Optical Society of America B