M. L. Shah, A. K. Pulhani, G. P. Gupta, and B. M. Suri, "Measurements of radiative lifetimes, branching fractions, and absolute transition probabilities in atomic samarium using laser-induced fluorescence," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27, 423-431 (2010)
We report the simultaneous measurements of radiative lifetimes, branching fractions, and absolute transition probabilities in atomic samarium using laser-induced fluorescence. The radiative lifetimes of seven odd-parity energy levels and six step-wise-excited even parity energy levels of atomic samarium have been measured. The lifetime values of odd-parity energy levels agree well with those reported in the literature, and the values of even-parity energy levels are new. Excited-level-to-ground-level branching fractions and absolute transition probabilities for twenty-one transitions in atomic samarium are measured using single-color laser-induced fluorescence, and the results are compared against the values reported in the literature. We also report branching fractions and absolute transition probabilities for fifty-one excited-level-to-excited-level transitions in atomic samarium using two-color laser-induced fluorescence. The existing ambiguity in assigning the total angular momentum values for the six stepwise-excited even-parity energy levels is removed by assigning each of these excited levels a unique J value by identifying known odd-parity lower levels to which a stepwise-excited even-parity level decays via fluorescence decay channels.
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Measured Radiative Lifetimes of Stepwise-Excited Even-Parity Energy Levels in Atomic Sm using Two-Color Laser-Induced Fluorescence
Energy Level
First Excitation Wavelength (nm)
Second Excitation Wavelength (nm)
Fluorescence Wavelength (nm)
Lifetime (ns)
34,814.4
591.64
567.22
553.4
34,924.0
591.64
563.73
531.4
34,935.5
591.64
563.36
516.2
34,972.1
591.64
562.32
571.0
35,072.6
591.64
559.04
543.9
35,092.1
591.64
558.44
494.2
Table 3
Measured Branching Fractions of Different Decay Channels from Odd-Parity Energy Levels to Lower Even-Parity Energy Levels of the Ground Septet and Determined Absolute Atomic Transition Probabilities of Sm I using Single-Color LIF
Measured Branching Fractions and Transition Probabilities of the Transitions from the Stepwise-Excited Even-Parity Energy Level at to Various Lower Odd-Parity Levels using Two-Color Laser-Induced Fluorescence with and
Energy of Lower Level
J Value of Lower Level
Fluorescence Wavelength (nm)
Intensity (arb. units)
Branching Fraction
Transition Probability
14,915.83
3
502.4
317
0.057
0.4
15,507.35
3
517.8
402
0.072
0.6
15,567.32
2
519.4
540
0.097
0.8
16,116.42
2
534.6
1627
0.292
2.3
16,748.30
3
553.4
1433
0.257
2.0
17,190.20
2
567.2
424
0.076
0.6
17,243.55
3
568.9
478
0.086
0.7
18,075.67
2
597.2
359
0.064
0.5
Table 5
Measured Branching Fractions and Transition Probabilities of the Transitions from the Stepwise-Excited Even-Parity Energy Level at to Various Lower Odd-Parity Levels using Two-Color Laser-Induced Fluorescence with and
Energy of Lower Level
J Value of Lower Level
Fluorescence Wavelength (nm)
Intensity (arb. units)
Branching Fraction
Transition Probability
14,380.50
2
486.6
202
0.039
0.4
14,863.85
1
498.4
157
0.031
0.3
15,039.59
2
502.8
153
0.030
0.3
15,567.32
2
516.5
121
0.024
0.2
16,116.42
2
531.5
1442
0.284
2.7
16,748.30
3
550.0
268
0.053
0.5
17,190.20
2
563.7
1476
0.291
2.7
17,243.55
3
565.4
319
0.063
0.6
17,830.80
3
584.9
561
0.110
1.0
18,225.13
1
598.7
381
0.075
0.7
Table 6
Measured Branching Fractions and Transition Probabilities of the Transitions from the Stepwise-Excited Even-Parity Energy Level at to Various Lower Odd-Parity Levels using Two-color Laser-Induced Fluorescence with and
Energy of Lower Level
J Value of Lower Level
Fluorescence Wavelength (nm)
Intensity (arb. units)
Branching Fraction
Transition Probability
14,380.50
2
486.3
315
0.084
1.1
14,863.85
1
498.1
101
0.027
0.3
14,915.83
3
514.6
177
0.047
0.6
15,567.32
2
516.1
1302
0.346
4.4
16,116.42
2
531.2
321
0.085
1.1
16,748.30
3
549.7
326
0.087
1.1
17,769.71
1
582.4
265
0.071
0.9
17,830.80
3
584.4
315
0.084
1.1
18,209.04
3
597.7
281
0.075
1.0
18,328.64
3
602.0
361
0.096
1.2
Table 7
Measured Branching Fractions and Transition Probabilities of the Transitions from the Stepwise-Excited Even-Parity Energy Level at to Various Lower Odd-Parity Levels using Two-Color Laser-Induced Fluorescence with and
Energy of Lower Level
J Value of Lower Level
Fluorescence Wavelength (nm)
Intensity (arb. units)
Branching Fraction
Transition Probability
14,380.50
2
485.5
5931
0.108
2.4
14,915.83
3
498.5
1518
0.028
0.6
15,507.35
3
513.6
3717
0.068
1.5
15,567.32
2
515.2
3233
0.059
1.3
16,116.42
2
530.6
1230
0.022
0.5
16,211.12
3
532.9
2107
0.038
0.9
16,681.74
2
546.6
1057
0.019
0.4
16,748.30
3
548.6
6978
0.127
2.9
16,890.59
4
552.9
967
0.018
0.4
17,190.20
2
562.2
18863
0.343
7.8
17,462.37
2
570.9
5052
0.092
2.1
17,830.80
3
583.2
3094
0.056
1.3
18,209.04
3
596.4
1177
0.021
0.5
Table 8
Measured Branching Fractions and Transition Probabilities of the Transitions from the Stepwise-Excited Even-Parity Energy Level at to Various Lower Odd-Parity Levels using Two-Color Laser-Induced Fluorescence with and
Energy of Lower Level
J Value of Lower Level
Fluorescence Wavelength (nm)
Intensity (arb. units)
Branching Fraction
Transition Probability
13,796.36
0
469.9
492
0.036
1.3
13,999.50
1
474.4
531
0.038
1.4
14,863.85
1
494.7
546
0.039
1.4
15,039.59
2
499.0
2273
0.164
5.9
15,567.32
2
512.5
2014
0.145
5.2
16,116.42
2
527.4
558
0.040
1.4
16,690.76
1
543.6
4852
0.350
12.5
17,190.20
2
559.1
833
0.060
2.1
17,769.71
1
577.8
640
0.046
1.6
18,309.02
0
597.0
1110
0.080
2.9
Table 9
Measured Branching Fractions and Transition Probabilities of the Transitions from the Stepwise-Excited Even-Parity Energy Level at to Various Lower Odd-Parity Levels using Two-Color Laser-Induced Fluorescence with and
Energy of Lower Level
J Value of Lower Level
Fluorescence Wavelength (nm)
Intensity (arb. units)
Branching Fraction
Transition Probability
14,380.50
2
482.7
705
0.101
1.3
14,915.83
3
495.5
1426
0.204
2.5
15,039.59
2
498.5
807
0.115
1.4
15,507.35
3
510.5
1120
0.160
2.0
16,211.12
3
529.5
427
0.061
0.8
16,681.74
2
543.0
535
0.076
1.0
16,748.30
3
545.0
541
0.077
1.0
16,890.59
4
549.2
1448
0.207
2.6
Table 10
Assigned Values of the Total Angular Momentum J to each of the Stepwise-Excited Even-Parity Energy Levels in Atomic Sm Based on Examination of J Values of the Lower Odd-Parity Levels to Which a Stepwise-Excited Even-Parity Level Decays, Removing the Ambiguity from the Proposed J Values in [15]
Even-Parity Energy Level
J Value
34,814.4
2
34,924.0
2
34,935.5
2
34,972.1
3
35,072.6
1
35,092.1
3
Tables (10)
Table 1
Measured Radiative Lifetimes of Odd-Parity Energy Levels in Atomic Sm using Single-Color Laser-Induced Fluorescence
Measured Radiative Lifetimes of Stepwise-Excited Even-Parity Energy Levels in Atomic Sm using Two-Color Laser-Induced Fluorescence
Energy Level
First Excitation Wavelength (nm)
Second Excitation Wavelength (nm)
Fluorescence Wavelength (nm)
Lifetime (ns)
34,814.4
591.64
567.22
553.4
34,924.0
591.64
563.73
531.4
34,935.5
591.64
563.36
516.2
34,972.1
591.64
562.32
571.0
35,072.6
591.64
559.04
543.9
35,092.1
591.64
558.44
494.2
Table 3
Measured Branching Fractions of Different Decay Channels from Odd-Parity Energy Levels to Lower Even-Parity Energy Levels of the Ground Septet and Determined Absolute Atomic Transition Probabilities of Sm I using Single-Color LIF
Measured Branching Fractions and Transition Probabilities of the Transitions from the Stepwise-Excited Even-Parity Energy Level at to Various Lower Odd-Parity Levels using Two-Color Laser-Induced Fluorescence with and
Energy of Lower Level
J Value of Lower Level
Fluorescence Wavelength (nm)
Intensity (arb. units)
Branching Fraction
Transition Probability
14,915.83
3
502.4
317
0.057
0.4
15,507.35
3
517.8
402
0.072
0.6
15,567.32
2
519.4
540
0.097
0.8
16,116.42
2
534.6
1627
0.292
2.3
16,748.30
3
553.4
1433
0.257
2.0
17,190.20
2
567.2
424
0.076
0.6
17,243.55
3
568.9
478
0.086
0.7
18,075.67
2
597.2
359
0.064
0.5
Table 5
Measured Branching Fractions and Transition Probabilities of the Transitions from the Stepwise-Excited Even-Parity Energy Level at to Various Lower Odd-Parity Levels using Two-Color Laser-Induced Fluorescence with and
Energy of Lower Level
J Value of Lower Level
Fluorescence Wavelength (nm)
Intensity (arb. units)
Branching Fraction
Transition Probability
14,380.50
2
486.6
202
0.039
0.4
14,863.85
1
498.4
157
0.031
0.3
15,039.59
2
502.8
153
0.030
0.3
15,567.32
2
516.5
121
0.024
0.2
16,116.42
2
531.5
1442
0.284
2.7
16,748.30
3
550.0
268
0.053
0.5
17,190.20
2
563.7
1476
0.291
2.7
17,243.55
3
565.4
319
0.063
0.6
17,830.80
3
584.9
561
0.110
1.0
18,225.13
1
598.7
381
0.075
0.7
Table 6
Measured Branching Fractions and Transition Probabilities of the Transitions from the Stepwise-Excited Even-Parity Energy Level at to Various Lower Odd-Parity Levels using Two-color Laser-Induced Fluorescence with and
Energy of Lower Level
J Value of Lower Level
Fluorescence Wavelength (nm)
Intensity (arb. units)
Branching Fraction
Transition Probability
14,380.50
2
486.3
315
0.084
1.1
14,863.85
1
498.1
101
0.027
0.3
14,915.83
3
514.6
177
0.047
0.6
15,567.32
2
516.1
1302
0.346
4.4
16,116.42
2
531.2
321
0.085
1.1
16,748.30
3
549.7
326
0.087
1.1
17,769.71
1
582.4
265
0.071
0.9
17,830.80
3
584.4
315
0.084
1.1
18,209.04
3
597.7
281
0.075
1.0
18,328.64
3
602.0
361
0.096
1.2
Table 7
Measured Branching Fractions and Transition Probabilities of the Transitions from the Stepwise-Excited Even-Parity Energy Level at to Various Lower Odd-Parity Levels using Two-Color Laser-Induced Fluorescence with and
Energy of Lower Level
J Value of Lower Level
Fluorescence Wavelength (nm)
Intensity (arb. units)
Branching Fraction
Transition Probability
14,380.50
2
485.5
5931
0.108
2.4
14,915.83
3
498.5
1518
0.028
0.6
15,507.35
3
513.6
3717
0.068
1.5
15,567.32
2
515.2
3233
0.059
1.3
16,116.42
2
530.6
1230
0.022
0.5
16,211.12
3
532.9
2107
0.038
0.9
16,681.74
2
546.6
1057
0.019
0.4
16,748.30
3
548.6
6978
0.127
2.9
16,890.59
4
552.9
967
0.018
0.4
17,190.20
2
562.2
18863
0.343
7.8
17,462.37
2
570.9
5052
0.092
2.1
17,830.80
3
583.2
3094
0.056
1.3
18,209.04
3
596.4
1177
0.021
0.5
Table 8
Measured Branching Fractions and Transition Probabilities of the Transitions from the Stepwise-Excited Even-Parity Energy Level at to Various Lower Odd-Parity Levels using Two-Color Laser-Induced Fluorescence with and
Energy of Lower Level
J Value of Lower Level
Fluorescence Wavelength (nm)
Intensity (arb. units)
Branching Fraction
Transition Probability
13,796.36
0
469.9
492
0.036
1.3
13,999.50
1
474.4
531
0.038
1.4
14,863.85
1
494.7
546
0.039
1.4
15,039.59
2
499.0
2273
0.164
5.9
15,567.32
2
512.5
2014
0.145
5.2
16,116.42
2
527.4
558
0.040
1.4
16,690.76
1
543.6
4852
0.350
12.5
17,190.20
2
559.1
833
0.060
2.1
17,769.71
1
577.8
640
0.046
1.6
18,309.02
0
597.0
1110
0.080
2.9
Table 9
Measured Branching Fractions and Transition Probabilities of the Transitions from the Stepwise-Excited Even-Parity Energy Level at to Various Lower Odd-Parity Levels using Two-Color Laser-Induced Fluorescence with and
Energy of Lower Level
J Value of Lower Level
Fluorescence Wavelength (nm)
Intensity (arb. units)
Branching Fraction
Transition Probability
14,380.50
2
482.7
705
0.101
1.3
14,915.83
3
495.5
1426
0.204
2.5
15,039.59
2
498.5
807
0.115
1.4
15,507.35
3
510.5
1120
0.160
2.0
16,211.12
3
529.5
427
0.061
0.8
16,681.74
2
543.0
535
0.076
1.0
16,748.30
3
545.0
541
0.077
1.0
16,890.59
4
549.2
1448
0.207
2.6
Table 10
Assigned Values of the Total Angular Momentum J to each of the Stepwise-Excited Even-Parity Energy Levels in Atomic Sm Based on Examination of J Values of the Lower Odd-Parity Levels to Which a Stepwise-Excited Even-Parity Level Decays, Removing the Ambiguity from the Proposed J Values in [15]