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Highly amplitude-sensitive photonic-crystal-fiber-based plasmonic sensor

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Abstract

Simple structure, quick response, and highly sensitive miniaturized sensors are highly desirable for the broad range of sensing applications. In this work, we numerically investigated a highly sensitive photonic-crystal-fiber (PCF)-based plasmonic sensor for refractive index sensing. We consider gold as the plasmonic material, which is used outside the fiber structure to exhibit the plasmonic phenomena and to help detect the surrounding medium refractive index. The proposed PCF is designed to enable the evanescent field to interact with an external sensing medium leading to a highly sensitive response. The sensor performance has been investigated by wavelength and amplitude interrogation methods. The proposed sensor exhibits the maximum amplitude sensitivity of 2,843RIU1 with the sensor resolution of 3.5×106RIU, which is the highest among the reported PCF SPR sensors, to the best of our knowledge. It also shows wavelength sensitivity of 18,000 nm/RIU and sensor resolution of 5.6×106RIU. The figure of merit of the proposed sensor is about 400. The sensor response also allows us to detect the refractive index variation in the range of 1.33 to 1.41. Such promising results and broad sensing range ensure that the proposed sensor will be a suitable candidate for biological analytes and biochemical and organic chemical detections.

© 2018 Optical Society of America

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Figures (5)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Cross-section of the (a) proposed sensor and (b) preform structure of the proposed PCF.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a) and (b) Core-guided mode of y polarization for na=1.33, na=1.37, respectively. (c) and (d) y-polarization SPP mode for na=1.33, na=1.37, respectively. (e) Dispersion relation of fundamental core-guided mode and SPP mode.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (a) Loss spectrum by changing analyte RI from 1.33 to 1.41. (b) Normalized loss intensity as a function of analyte RI. (c) Resonant wavelength as a function of analyte RI. (d) Amplitude sensitivity spectrum for analyte RI from 1.33 to 1.41. (e) FOM and FWHM as a function of analyte RI.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. (a) Loss spectrum with variation of gold layer thickness. (b) Amplitude sensitivity of various gold layer thickness for analyte RI 1.33.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Fabrication tolerance investigation. (a) Scaled-down air-hole diameter (ds) effects on sensing. (b) Regular air-hole (d) effects on sensing. (c) Pitch size effects on sensing. (d) Liquid layer thickness effects on sensing.

Tables (2)

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Table 1. Performance Analysis of the Proposed Sensor

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Table 2. Comparison of the Proposed Sensor Performance with Existing Sensors

Equations (6)

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n2(λ)=1+B1λ2λ2c1+B2λ2λ2c2+B3λ2λ2c3,
ϵAu=ϵωD2ω(ω+jγD)Δϵ·ΩL2(ω2ΩL2)+jΓLω,
α(dB/cm)=8.686×k0Im(neff)×104,
Sλ(λ)=Δλpeak/Δna,
R(RIU)=Δna×Δλmin/Δλpeak,
SA(λ)[RIU1]=1α(λ,na)α(λ,na)na.
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