Theoretical and experimental studies of photomechanical materials [Invited]

Bojun Zhou; Elizabeth Bernhardt; Ankita Bhuyan; Zoya Ghorbanishiadeh; Nathan Rasmussen; Joseph Lanska; Mark G. Kuzyk

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.36.001492

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 36,
Issue 6,
pp. 1492-1517
(2019)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.36.001492

Theoretical and experimental studies of photomechanical materials [Invited]

Bojun Zhou, Elizabeth Bernhardt, Ankita Bhuyan, Zoya Ghorbanishiadeh, Nathan Rasmussen, Joseph Lanska, and Mark G. Kuzyk

Get PDF
Email
Share
Get Citation
Copy Citation Text
Bojun Zhou, Elizabeth Bernhardt, Ankita Bhuyan, Zoya Ghorbanishiadeh, Nathan Rasmussen, Joseph Lanska, and Mark G. Kuzyk, "Theoretical and experimental studies of photomechanical materials [Invited]," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 36, 1492-1517 (2019)

Export Citation
- BibTex
- Endnote (RIS)
- HTML
- Plain Text
Citation alert
Save article

Check for updates

Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Light-induced Phenomena
Optics & Photonics Topics
?

The topics in this list come from the Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: January 30, 2019
- Revised Manuscript: April 1, 2019
- Manuscript Accepted: April 22, 2019
- Published: May 16, 2019

Accepted Manuscript
Download Accepted Manuscript
Access to this article is made available via and is subject to OSA Publishing Terms of Use.

Abstract

After a brief introduction to the field of light-responsive materials, this paper provides a general theory for modeling the photomechanical response of a material, applies it to the two best-known mechanisms of photothermal heating and photoisomerization, and then describes an experimental procedure for quantitative measurements of the stress response. Several different materials are characterized to illustrate how the experiments and theory can be used to isolate the contributing mechanisms through both photomechanical measurements and auxiliary measurements of laser heating and thermal expansion. The efficiency and figure of merit of the photomechanical response are defined on several scales from the molecule to the bulk, and the photomorphon—the basic material element that determines the bulk response—is introduced. The photomorphon provides a conceptual model that can be expressed in terms of viscoelastic elements, such as springs in series and parallel with the photoactive molecule. The photomechanical response, figure of merit, and the deduced microscopic photomechanical properties are tabulated and proposals for new materials classes are made.

Full Article | PDF Article

More Like This

Photomechanical materials and applications: a tutorial

Mark G. Kuzyk and Nathan J. Dawson
Adv. Opt. Photon. 12(4) 847-1011 (2020)

Experimental studies of the mechanisms of photomechanical effects in a nematic liquid crystal elastomer

Nathan J. Dawson, Mark G. Kuzyk, Jeremy Neal, Paul Luchette, and Peter Palffy-Muhoray
J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 28(8) 1916-1921 (2011)

Modeling the mechanisms of the photomechanical response of a nematic liquid crystal elastomer

Nathan J. Dawson, Mark G. Kuzyk, Jeremy Neal, Paul Luchette, and Peter Palffy-Muhoray
J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 28(9) 2134-2141 (2011)

Previous Article Next Article

Cited By

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Cited by links are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Figures (29)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Figure files are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Tables (3)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Article tables are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Equations (132)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Equations are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Parameter	Silica Glass	PMMA
Young’s mod	$E = 7.2 \times 10^{10} N / m^{2}$	$E = 3.3 \times 10^{9} N / m^{2}$
Specificheat	$c_{s} = 750 J / kg \cdot K$	$c_{s} = 1700 J / kg \cdot K$
Density	$ρ = 2200 kg / m^{3}$	$ρ = 1200 kg / m^{3}$
Thermal expand	$α (T) = 10^{- 6} K^{- 1}$	$α (T) = 8 \times 10^{- 5} K^{- 1}$

Material	$κ_{σ}^{(1)}$ (s/m)	$κ_{σ}^{(2)} (s \cdot m / W^{2})$	$E$ (Mpa)	$κ_{u}^{(1)} = κ_{σ}^{(1)} / E (s \cdot m / N)$	$τ_{on}$ (s)	FOM ( $10^{- 4} s^{2} / N$ )
Monodomain LCE	$- 23.4 \pm 1.2$	$8.5 \pm 10.5$	$2.99 \pm 0.02$	$7.8 \pm 0.4$		$1.83 \pm 0.13$
Polydomain LCE	$- 4.5 \pm 1.9$	$- 30 \pm 5$	$1.26 \pm 0.01$	$3.6 \pm 1.5$	$\approx 5 s$ for $I \to 0$	$0.16 \pm 0.10$
CNT LCE	$- 0.98 \pm 0.07$	$- 5 \pm 1$	$0.457 \pm 0.0002$	$2.1 \pm 0.2$		$0.020 \pm 0.002$
DR1-PMMA;//	$906 \pm 47$	$0.150 \pm 0.315$	$2240 \pm 200$	$0.37 \pm 0.04$	$1.99 \pm 0.16$	$3.66 \pm 0.42$
DR1-PMMA; $⊥$	$757 \pm 29$	$- 0.159 \pm 0.129$	$2240 \pm 200$	$0.44 \pm 0.04$	$2.24 \pm 0.13$	$2.56 \pm 0.30$
DO11-PMMA;//	$966 \pm 49$	$0.136 \pm 0.244$	$2240 \pm 200$	$0.17 \pm 0.02$	$2.014 \pm 0.056$	$4.16 \pm 0.48$
DO11-PMMA; $⊥$	$1179 \pm 53$	$- 0.318 \pm 0.282$	$2240 \pm 200$	$0.18 \pm 0.02$	$2.099 \pm 0.027$	$6.20 \pm 0.72$

Parameter	Description	Value
$α$	Conversion efficiency	$2.2 \times 10^{- 4} m^{2} \cdot J^{- 1}$
$β$	Relaxation rate	$0.17 s^{- 1}$
$ℓ$	Photomorphon length	$1.2 \times 10^{- 6} m$
$(x_{b} - a) / ℓ$	Photomorphon strain	$2.6 \times 10^{- 6}$
$x_{b} - a$	Dye length change	$0.03 \times 10^{- 10} m$

Parameter	Silica Glass	PMMA
Young’s mod	$E = 7.2 \times 10^{10} N / m^{2}$	$E = 3.3 \times 10^{9} N / m^{2}$
Specificheat	$c_{s} = 750 J / kg \cdot K$	$c_{s} = 1700 J / kg \cdot K$
Density	$ρ = 2200 kg / m^{3}$	$ρ = 1200 kg / m^{3}$
Thermal expand	$α (T) = 10^{- 6} K^{- 1}$	$α (T) = 8 \times 10^{- 5} K^{- 1}$

Material	$κ_{σ}^{(1)}$ (s/m)	$κ_{σ}^{(2)} (s \cdot m / W^{2})$	$E$ (Mpa)	$κ_{u}^{(1)} = κ_{σ}^{(1)} / E (s \cdot m / N)$	$τ_{on}$ (s)	FOM ( $10^{- 4} s^{2} / N$ )
Monodomain LCE	$- 23.4 \pm 1.2$	$8.5 \pm 10.5$	$2.99 \pm 0.02$	$7.8 \pm 0.4$		$1.83 \pm 0.13$
Polydomain LCE	$- 4.5 \pm 1.9$	$- 30 \pm 5$	$1.26 \pm 0.01$	$3.6 \pm 1.5$	$\approx 5 s$ for $I \to 0$	$0.16 \pm 0.10$
CNT LCE	$- 0.98 \pm 0.07$	$- 5 \pm 1$	$0.457 \pm 0.0002$	$2.1 \pm 0.2$		$0.020 \pm 0.002$
DR1-PMMA;//	$906 \pm 47$	$0.150 \pm 0.315$	$2240 \pm 200$	$0.37 \pm 0.04$	$1.99 \pm 0.16$	$3.66 \pm 0.42$
DR1-PMMA; $⊥$	$757 \pm 29$	$- 0.159 \pm 0.129$	$2240 \pm 200$	$0.44 \pm 0.04$	$2.24 \pm 0.13$	$2.56 \pm 0.30$
DO11-PMMA;//	$966 \pm 49$	$0.136 \pm 0.244$	$2240 \pm 200$	$0.17 \pm 0.02$	$2.014 \pm 0.056$	$4.16 \pm 0.48$
DO11-PMMA; $⊥$	$1179 \pm 53$	$- 0.318 \pm 0.282$	$2240 \pm 200$	$0.18 \pm 0.02$	$2.099 \pm 0.027$	$6.20 \pm 0.72$

Abstract

Cited By

Figures (29)

Tables (3)

Equations (132)

Journal of the Optical Society of America B