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Enhanced measurement of microwave electric fields with collective Rabi splitting

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Abstract

The collective effects of intracavity Rydberg atoms are investigated and proposed to detect microwave (MW) electric (E) fields with collective Rabi splitting (CRS). When a cavity field drives atoms from ground states to their excited states and a control field further drives them to Rydberg states where a MW field couples Rydberg states, the cavity transmission exhibits a four-peak characteristic, and two side peaks represent the CRS. It is interesting to find that the frequency splitting of CRS changes linearly with the MW-field strength, which can be used to probe MW E-field strength. In the strong coupling regime, the collective effect of Rydberg atoms broadens the CRS peak distance and could improve the detection sensitivity by about 7 times under the given conditions, compared with the common electromagnetically induced transparency scheme. The effects of atomic density and control-field strength on the CRS spectrum are also discussed.

© 2020 Optical Society of America

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